Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 1

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 1 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -2570 Mar 14. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -1272 Apr 30. The total duration of Saros series 1 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse = -2570 Mar 14   07:40:26 TD
                       Last Eclipse = -1272 Apr 30   11:02:54 TD

                      Duration of Saros   1  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 1 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 1
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PenumbralN 31 42.5%
PartialP 28 38.4%
TotalT 14 19.2%

The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 1 occur in the order of 8N 19P 14T 9P 23N which corresponds to:

                                     8  Penumbral
                                    19  Partial
                                    14  Total
                                     9  Partial
                                    23  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 1 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:   -1921 Apr 07      Duration = 01h46m13s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:   -2084 Dec 30      Duration = 00h19m57s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -2102 Dec 20      Duration = 03h29m25s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -1687 Aug 24      Duration = 00h41m59s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:   -1669 Sep 05      Duration = 04h37m02s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:   -2570 Mar 14      Duration = 00h55m34s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 1 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -2102 Dec 20      Magnitude = 0.9885
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -1687 Aug 24      Magnitude = 0.0308

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 1 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 1

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -36  -2570 Mar 14  07:40:26  61380 -56522   Nb  h-  -1.5386  0.0377 -0.9683   55.6    -      -  
 02  -35  -2552 Mar 24  14:50:04  60877 -56299   N   t-  -1.4793  0.1471 -0.8601  109.1    -      -  
 03  -34  -2534 Apr 04  21:53:45  60376 -56076   N   t-  -1.4157  0.2647 -0.7441  145.4    -      -  
 04  -33  -2516 Apr 15  04:48:05  59876 -55853   N   t-  -1.3454  0.3947 -0.6162  176.2    -      -  
 05  -32  -2498 Apr 26  11:39:13  59379 -55630   N   t-  -1.2732  0.5286 -0.4849  202.1    -      -  
 06  -31  -2480 May 06  18:24:32  58884 -55407   N   t-  -1.1973  0.6695 -0.3473  225.3    -      -  
 07  -30  -2462 May 18  01:08:43  58391 -55184   N   t-  -1.1211  0.8112 -0.2093  245.6    -      -  
 08  -29  -2444 May 28  07:49:49  57900 -54961   N   t-  -1.0430  0.9567 -0.0681  264.0    -      -  
 09  -28  -2426 Jun 08  14:33:21  57411 -54738   P   t-  -0.9675  1.0975  0.0680  279.8   61.5    -  
 10  -27  -2408 Jun 18  21:17:40  56924 -54515   P   t-  -0.8935  1.2359  0.2011  293.8  104.1    -  

 11  -26  -2390 Jun 30  04:05:54  56440 -54292   P   t-  -0.8234  1.3675  0.3271  305.9  130.7    -  
 12  -25  -2372 Jul 10  10:58:36  55957 -54069   P   t-  -0.7576  1.4912  0.4448  316.4  150.2    -  
 13  -24  -2354 Jul 21  17:58:11  55476 -53846   P   t-  -0.6983  1.6031  0.5507  325.2  164.8    -  
 14  -23  -2336 Aug 01  01:04:49  54998 -53623   P   t-  -0.6450  1.7041  0.6454  332.7  176.1    -  
 15  -22  -2318 Aug 12  08:18:34  54521 -53400   P   t-  -0.5983  1.7929  0.7280  338.9  184.9    -  
 16  -21  -2300 Aug 22  15:41:05  54047 -53177   P   t-  -0.5595  1.8672  0.7961  344.1  191.6    -  
 17  -20  -2282 Sep 02  23:11:41  53575 -52954   P   t-  -0.5280  1.9279  0.8509  348.3  196.5    -  
 18  -19  -2264 Sep 13  06:50:07  53104 -52731   P   t-  -0.5036  1.9756  0.8930  351.7  200.2    -  
 19  -18  -2246 Sep 24  14:36:06  52636 -52508   P   t-  -0.4858  2.0107  0.9231  354.4  202.8    -  
 20  -17  -2228 Oct 04  22:29:01  52170 -52285   P   t-  -0.4741  2.0345  0.9423  356.4  204.5    -  

 21  -16  -2210 Oct 16  06:27:18  51706 -52062   P   t-  -0.4676  2.0484  0.9525  358.0  205.5    -  
 22  -15  -2192 Oct 26  14:28:28  51244 -51839   P   t-  -0.4639  2.0567  0.9578  359.1  206.2    -  
 23  -14  -2174 Nov 06  22:32:25  50784 -51616   P   t-  -0.4628  2.0598  0.9587  360.0  206.5    -  
 24  -13  -2156 Nov 17  06:36:42  50327 -51393   P   t-  -0.4621  2.0617  0.9593  360.7  206.8    -  
 25  -12  -2138 Nov 28  14:39:01  49871 -51170   P   t-  -0.4601  2.0655  0.9627  361.3  207.3    -  
 26  -11  -2120 Dec 08  22:37:38  49417 -50947   P   t-  -0.4553  2.0743  0.9717  361.9  208.1    -  
 27  -10  -2102 Dec 20  06:31:18  48966 -50724   P   t-  -0.4465  2.0899  0.9885  362.7  209.4    -  
 28  -09  -2084 Dec 30  14:18:53  48516 -50501   T   t-  -0.4326  2.1143  1.0147  363.7  211.3   20.0
 29  -08  -2065 Jan 10  21:57:19  48069 -50278   T   t-  -0.4113  2.1522  1.0551  365.0  213.9   38.2
 30  -07  -2047 Jan 21  05:28:00  47623 -50055   T   t-  -0.3835  2.2018  1.1075  366.5  217.0   52.5

 31  -06  -2029 Feb 01  12:48:06  47180 -49832   T   p-  -0.3470  2.2671  1.1761  368.3  220.7   65.7
 32  -05  -2011 Feb 11  19:59:28  46739 -49609   T   p-  -0.3033  2.3455  1.2581  370.1  224.4   77.3
 33  -04  -1993 Feb 23  02:59:48  46300 -49386   T-  pp  -0.2503  2.4408  1.3571  371.8  228.2   87.7
 34  -03  -1975 Mar 05  09:52:15  45863 -49163   T-  pp  -0.1908  2.5483  1.4683  373.3  231.5   96.0
 35  -02  -1957 Mar 16  16:35:22  45427 -48940   T-  pp  -0.1234  2.6701  1.5937  374.2  234.1  102.2
 36  -01  -1939 Mar 26  23:10:33  44995 -48717   T-  pp  -0.0493  2.8043  1.7314  374.5  235.6  105.8
 37   00  -1921 Apr 07  05:39:20  44564 -48494   T+  pp   0.0302  2.8377  1.7681  373.9  235.6  106.2
 38   01  -1903 Apr 17  12:03:29  44135 -48271   T+  pp   0.1136  2.6832  1.6165  372.2  234.0  103.0
 39   02  -1885 Apr 28  18:24:44  43708 -48048   T+  pp   0.1999  2.5233  1.4594  369.4  230.5   95.4
 40   03  -1867 May 09  00:43:26  43283 -47825   T   pp   0.2887  2.3594  1.2977  365.3  225.0   81.8


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 1

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   04  -1849 May 20  07:03:18  42861 -47602   T   -t   0.3769  2.1966  1.1368  360.0  217.3   58.5
 42   05  -1831 May 30  13:24:50  42440 -47379   P   -t   0.4638  2.0363  0.9778  353.4  207.4    -  
 43   06  -1813 Jun 10  19:49:53  42022 -47156   P   -t   0.5485  1.8804  0.8230  345.8  195.3    -  
 44   07  -1795 Jun 21  02:19:43  41606 -46933   P   -t   0.6299  1.7308  0.6740  337.3  180.9    -  
 45   08  -1777 Jul 02  08:56:57  41191 -46710   P   -t   0.7058  1.5914  0.5349  328.2  164.5    -  
 46   09  -1759 Jul 12  15:42:26  40779 -46487   P   -t   0.7753  1.4639  0.4073  318.8  146.1    -  
 47   10  -1741 Jul 23  22:35:57  40369 -46264   P   -t   0.8388  1.3475  0.2907  309.2  125.3    -  
 48   11  -1723 Aug 03  05:40:26  39961 -46041   P   -t   0.8939  1.2467  0.1893  300.0  102.4    -  
 49   12  -1705 Aug 14  12:54:55  39555 -45818   P   -t   0.9414  1.1599  0.1019  291.4   75.8    -  
 50   13  -1687 Aug 24  20:21:14  39151 -45595   P   -t   0.9800  1.0893  0.0308  283.8   42.0    -  

 51   14  -1669 Sep 05  03:56:22  38749 -45372   Nx  -t   1.0119  1.0309 -0.0281  277.0    -      -  
 52   15  -1651 Sep 15  11:43:49  38349 -45149   N   -t   1.0345  0.9895 -0.0697  271.8    -      -  
 53   16  -1633 Sep 26  19:39:37  37952 -44926   N   -t   1.0510  0.9593 -0.1000  267.7    -      -  
 54   17  -1615 Oct 07  03:45:18  37556 -44703   N   -t   1.0604  0.9418 -0.1170  264.9    -      -  
 55   18  -1597 Oct 18  11:57:26  37162 -44480   N   -h   1.0653  0.9323 -0.1254  263.0    -      -  
 56   19  -1579 Oct 28  20:17:20  36771 -44257   N   -h   1.0650  0.9321 -0.1242  262.1    -      -  
 57   20  -1561 Nov 09  04:40:29  36381 -44034   N   -h   1.0627  0.9353 -0.1187  261.6    -      -  
 58   21  -1543 Nov 19  13:06:38  35994 -43811   N   -h   1.0589  0.9407 -0.1104  261.2    -      -  
 59   22  -1525 Nov 30  21:33:18  35609 -43588   N   -h   1.0556  0.9450 -0.1025  260.7    -      -  
 60   23  -1507 Dec 11  06:00:07  35226 -43365   N   -h   1.0534  0.9468 -0.0964  259.9    -      -  

 61   24  -1489 Dec 22  14:22:43  34844 -43142   N   -h   1.0553  0.9409 -0.0975  258.1    -      -  
 62   25  -1470 Jan 01  22:41:55  34465 -42919   N   -h   1.0608  0.9281 -0.1049  255.6    -      -  
 63   26  -1452 Jan 13  06:54:46  34088 -42696   N   -h   1.0723  0.9040 -0.1231  251.8    -      -  
 64   27  -1434 Jan 23  15:02:40  33713 -42473   N   -h   1.0887  0.8708 -0.1502  246.8    -      -  
 65   28  -1416 Feb 03  23:01:10  33341 -42250   N   -h   1.1136  0.8220 -0.1925  239.9    -      -  
 66   29  -1398 Feb 14  06:54:14  32970 -42027   N   -h   1.1436  0.7635 -0.2445  231.5    -      -  
 67   30  -1380 Feb 25  14:37:57  32601 -41804   N   -h   1.1819  0.6900 -0.3115  220.6    -      -  
 68   31  -1362 Mar 07  22:16:20  32234 -41581   N   -h   1.2252  0.6073 -0.3878  207.7    -      -  
 69   32  -1344 Mar 18  05:46:10  31870 -41358   N   -h   1.2763  0.5105 -0.4785  191.4    -      -  
 70   33  -1326 Mar 29  13:12:17  31507 -41135   N   -a   1.3311  0.4070 -0.5762  171.8    -      -  

 71   34  -1308 Apr 08  20:32:09  31147 -40912   N   -a   1.3916  0.2933 -0.6846  146.8    -      -  
 72   35  -1290 Apr 20  03:49:00  30789 -40689   N   -a   1.4553  0.1739 -0.7990  113.8    -      -  
 73   36  -1272 Apr 30  11:02:54  30432 -40466   Ne  -a   1.5218  0.0497 -0.9190   61.3    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29