The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 9 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -2501 Jun 26. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -1167 Sep 05. The total duration of Saros series 9 is 1334.23 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -2501 Jun 26 22:34:19 TD
Last Eclipse = -1167 Sep 05 03:28:12 TD
Duration of Saros 9 = 1334.23 Years
Saros 9 is composed of 75 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 9 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 75 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 31 | 41.3% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 21.3% |
| Total | T | 28 | 37.3% |
The 75 lunar eclipses in Saros 9 occur in the order of 22N 9P 28T 7P 9N which corresponds to:
22 Penumbral
9 Partial
28 Total
7 Partial
9 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 9 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1816 Aug 11 Duration = 01h39m34s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1455 Mar 16 Duration = 00h50m19s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1437 Mar 27 Duration = 03h19m01s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -2104 Feb 20 Duration = 00h41m34s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1311 Jun 10 Duration = 04h29m41s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -2501 Jun 26 Duration = 01h04m15s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 9 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1960 May 17 Magnitude = 0.9884
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -2104 Feb 20 Magnitude = 0.0367
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 9 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -38 -2501 Jun 26 22:34:19 59457 -55665 Nb a- -1.5258 0.0525 -0.9363 64.3 - -
02 -37 -2483 Jul 07 05:56:05 58962 -55442 N a- -1.4598 0.1732 -0.8147 115.1 - -
03 -36 -2465 Jul 18 13:24:36 58468 -55219 N a- -1.3984 0.2856 -0.7018 145.8 - -
04 -35 -2447 Jul 28 21:04:39 57977 -54996 N a- -1.3455 0.3826 -0.6048 166.6 - -
05 -34 -2429 Aug 09 04:52:46 57488 -54773 N a- -1.2986 0.4688 -0.5187 182.4 - -
06 -33 -2411 Aug 19 12:51:41 57001 -54550 N a- -1.2598 0.5402 -0.4477 193.9 - -
07 -32 -2393 Aug 30 20:59:23 56516 -54327 N a- -1.2274 0.5998 -0.3885 202.6 - -
08 -31 -2375 Sep 10 05:17:57 56033 -54104 N a- -1.2032 0.6445 -0.3442 208.6 - -
09 -30 -2357 Sep 21 13:44:20 55552 -53881 N a- -1.1851 0.6777 -0.3112 212.7 - -
10 -29 -2339 Oct 01 22:18:42 55073 -53658 N a- -1.1730 0.7000 -0.2889 215.1 - -
11 -28 -2321 Oct 13 06:59:26 54596 -53435 N a- -1.1657 0.7132 -0.2752 216.4 - -
12 -27 -2303 Oct 23 15:46:05 54121 -53212 N a- -1.1626 0.7184 -0.2693 216.6 - -
13 -26 -2285 Nov 04 00:35:04 53649 -52989 N a- -1.1613 0.7202 -0.2662 216.3 - -
14 -25 -2267 Nov 14 09:26:07 53178 -52766 N a- -1.1614 0.7192 -0.2655 215.7 - -
15 -24 -2249 Nov 25 18:16:18 52710 -52543 N a- -1.1605 0.7196 -0.2629 215.3 - -
16 -23 -2231 Dec 06 03:05:41 52243 -52320 N a- -1.1589 0.7212 -0.2586 215.0 - -
17 -22 -2213 Dec 17 11:49:48 51779 -52097 N a- -1.1528 0.7308 -0.2458 215.8 - -
18 -21 -2195 Dec 27 20:30:27 51317 -51874 N a- -1.1438 0.7457 -0.2274 217.2 - -
19 -20 -2176 Jan 08 05:03:32 50856 -51651 N a- -1.1282 0.7723 -0.1971 220.0 - -
20 -19 -2158 Jan 18 13:30:38 50398 -51428 N a- -1.1080 0.8074 -0.1579 223.7 - -
21 -18 -2140 Jan 29 21:48:26 49942 -51205 N a- -1.0798 0.8572 -0.1042 228.9 - -
22 -17 -2122 Feb 09 05:59:51 49488 -50982 N a- -1.0463 0.9167 -0.0408 234.8 - -
23 -16 -2104 Feb 20 14:02:30 49036 -50759 P a- -1.0050 0.9905 0.0367 241.8 41.6 -
24 -15 -2086 Mar 02 21:57:21 48587 -50536 P a- -0.9573 1.0762 0.1260 249.5 76.0 -
25 -14 -2068 Mar 13 05:44:41 48139 -50313 P a- -0.9033 1.1739 0.2267 257.5 100.5 -
26 -13 -2050 Mar 24 13:25:43 47693 -50090 P a- -0.8439 1.2815 0.3369 265.6 120.6 -
27 -12 -2032 Apr 03 21:00:58 47249 -49867 P a- -0.7794 1.3988 0.4563 273.6 137.9 -
28 -11 -2014 Apr 15 04:30:40 46808 -49644 P a- -0.7103 1.5250 0.5839 281.4 153.0 -
29 -10 -1996 Apr 25 11:57:19 46368 -49421 P a- -0.6385 1.6562 0.7159 288.6 166.0 -
30 -09 -1978 May 06 19:21:07 45931 -49198 P a- -0.5647 1.7917 0.8515 295.2 177.0 -
31 -08 -1960 May 17 02:43:37 45496 -48975 P a- -0.4899 1.9292 0.9884 301.1 186.4 -
32 -07 -1942 May 28 10:05:45 45062 -48752 T a- -0.4149 2.0674 1.1253 306.2 194.1 51.1
33 -06 -1924 Jun 07 17:29:26 44631 -48529 T p- -0.3417 2.2028 1.2587 310.6 200.2 70.4
34 -05 -1906 Jun 19 00:55:24 44202 -48306 T- p- -0.2707 2.3343 1.3876 314.2 204.9 82.5
35 -04 -1888 Jun 29 08:24:20 43775 -48083 T- p- -0.2027 2.4607 1.5108 317.1 208.5 90.4
36 -03 -1870 Jul 10 15:58:39 43350 -47860 T- pp -0.1398 2.5782 1.6244 319.5 210.9 95.4
37 -02 -1852 Jul 20 23:38:26 42927 -47637 T- pp -0.0820 2.6863 1.7282 321.3 212.4 98.2
38 -01 -1834 Aug 01 07:25:29 42506 -47414 T- pp -0.0307 2.7829 1.8201 322.7 213.2 99.4
39 00 -1816 Aug 11 15:19:00 42087 -47191 T+ pp 0.0147 2.8147 1.8469 323.9 213.6 99.6
40 01 -1798 Aug 22 23:21:06 41671 -46968 T+ pp 0.0523 2.7484 1.7754 324.9 213.6 99.0
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 02 -1780 Sep 02 07:30:28 41256 -46745 T+ -p 0.0832 2.6943 1.7159 325.8 213.5 98.0
42 03 -1762 Sep 13 15:47:21 40844 -46522 T+ -p 0.1073 2.6527 1.6691 326.7 213.3 96.9
43 04 -1744 Sep 24 00:11:36 40433 -46299 T+ -p 0.1248 2.6233 1.6346 327.7 213.2 96.0
44 05 -1726 Oct 05 08:42:15 40025 -46076 T+ -p 0.1365 2.6043 1.6107 328.7 213.2 95.3
45 06 -1708 Oct 15 17:18:35 39618 -45853 T+ -p 0.1426 2.5954 1.5973 329.9 213.4 94.9
46 07 -1690 Oct 27 01:57:43 39214 -45630 T+ -p 0.1458 2.5914 1.5894 331.0 213.7 94.7
47 08 -1672 Nov 06 10:40:38 38812 -45407 T+ -p 0.1452 2.5944 1.5889 332.2 214.2 94.8
48 09 -1654 Nov 17 19:23:28 38412 -45184 T+ -p 0.1443 2.5975 1.5890 333.4 214.7 95.0
49 10 -1636 Nov 28 04:05:58 38014 -44961 T+ -p 0.1428 2.6014 1.5905 334.6 215.2 95.2
50 11 -1618 Dec 09 12:44:28 37618 -44738 T+ -p 0.1442 2.5997 1.5870 335.7 215.7 95.3
51 12 -1600 Dec 19 21:19:42 37224 -44515 T+ -p 0.1477 2.5941 1.5800 336.7 216.2 95.3
52 13 -1582 Dec 31 05:48:22 36832 -44292 T+ -p 0.1561 2.5791 1.5641 337.6 216.5 94.9
53 14 -1563 Jan 10 14:09:53 36442 -44069 T+ -p 0.1698 2.5542 1.5387 338.4 216.7 94.0
54 15 -1545 Jan 21 22:22:29 36055 -43846 T+ -p 0.1904 2.5164 1.5007 339.0 216.5 92.4
55 16 -1527 Feb 01 06:26:14 35669 -43623 T+ -p 0.2177 2.4665 1.4507 339.3 216.0 89.7
56 17 -1509 Feb 12 14:19:27 35285 -43400 T+ -p 0.2530 2.4018 1.3859 339.2 214.8 85.4
57 18 -1491 Feb 22 22:02:45 34904 -43177 T -p 0.2959 2.3231 1.3071 338.7 212.9 78.7
58 19 -1473 Mar 06 05:35:26 34525 -42954 T -a 0.3466 2.2301 1.2138 337.5 209.8 68.1
59 20 -1455 Mar 16 12:59:13 34147 -42731 T -a 0.4040 2.1250 1.1083 335.6 205.4 50.3
60 21 -1437 Mar 27 20:11:40 33772 -42508 P -a 0.4697 2.0050 0.9875 332.6 199.0 -
61 22 -1419 Apr 07 03:16:46 33399 -42285 P -h 0.5402 1.8762 0.8574 328.5 190.5 -
62 23 -1401 Apr 18 10:12:50 33028 -42062 P -h 0.6170 1.7361 0.7157 322.9 179.0 -
63 24 -1383 Apr 28 17:04:15 32659 -41839 P -t 0.6966 1.5910 0.5685 316.0 164.0 -
64 25 -1365 May 09 23:48:01 32292 -41616 P -t 0.7812 1.4372 0.4121 307.1 143.5 -
65 26 -1347 May 20 06:30:27 31927 -41393 P -t 0.8656 1.2840 0.2557 296.6 116.1 -
66 27 -1329 May 31 13:09:02 31564 -41170 P -t 0.9515 1.1282 0.0962 284.0 73.1 -
67 28 -1311 Jun 10 19:48:44 31203 -40947 N -t 1.0353 0.9765 -0.0595 269.7 - -
68 29 -1293 Jun 22 02:27:33 30845 -40724 N -t 1.1186 0.8259 -0.2148 253.0 - -
69 30 -1275 Jul 02 09:10:54 30488 -40501 N -t 1.1970 0.6845 -0.3612 234.5 - -
70 31 -1257 Jul 13 15:57:05 30134 -40278 N -t 1.2718 0.5500 -0.5011 213.9 - -
71 32 -1239 Jul 23 22:48:53 29781 -40055 N -t 1.3409 0.4261 -0.6305 191.2 - -
72 33 -1221 Aug 04 05:46:48 29431 -39832 N -t 1.4038 0.3135 -0.7489 166.4 - -
73 34 -1203 Aug 14 12:52:41 29082 -39609 N -t 1.4593 0.2146 -0.8535 139.5 - -
74 35 -1185 Aug 25 20:06:37 28736 -39386 N -t 1.5075 0.1291 -0.9448 109.4 - -
75 36 -1167 Sep 05 03:28:12 28392 -39163 N -t 1.5486 0.0566 -1.0230 73.1 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
