The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 19 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -2031 Mar 24. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -0733 May 11. The total duration of Saros series 19 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -2031 Mar 24 13:27:27 TD
Last Eclipse = -0733 May 11 18:01:26 TD
Duration of Saros 19 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 19 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 19 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 27 | 37.0% |
| Partial | P | 35 | 47.9% |
| Total | T | 11 | 15.1% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 19 occur in the order of 8N 23P 11T 12P 19N which corresponds to:
8 Penumbral
23 Partial
11 Total
12 Partial
19 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 19 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1364 Apr 28 Duration = 01h46m25s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1472 Feb 23 Duration = 00h43m43s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1274 Jun 21 Duration = 03h29m15s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1076 Oct 17 Duration = 00h11m31s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1058 Oct 29 Duration = 04h51m38s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0733 May 11 Duration = 00h23m00s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 19 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1490 Feb 12 Magnitude = 0.9880
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1076 Oct 17 Magnitude = 0.0022
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 19 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 -2031 Mar 24 13:27:27 47226 -49855 Nb a- -1.5260 0.0413 -0.9260 55.5 - -
02 -36 -2013 Apr 04 20:53:43 46784 -49632 N a- -1.4673 0.1494 -0.8185 104.9 - -
03 -35 -1995 Apr 15 04:12:15 46345 -49409 N a- -1.4029 0.2681 -0.7010 139.5 - -
04 -34 -1977 Apr 26 11:26:40 45907 -49186 N a- -1.3358 0.3921 -0.5788 167.3 - -
05 -33 -1959 May 06 18:36:13 45472 -48963 N a- -1.2657 0.5220 -0.4514 191.4 - -
06 -32 -1941 May 18 01:44:16 45039 -48740 N h- -1.1948 0.6538 -0.3227 212.3 - -
07 -31 -1923 May 28 08:48:40 44608 -48517 N h- -1.1217 0.7897 -0.1904 231.1 - -
08 -30 -1905 Jun 08 15:54:50 44179 -48294 N h- -1.0508 0.9220 -0.0625 247.4 - -
09 -29 -1887 Jun 18 23:01:01 43752 -48071 P h- -0.9809 1.0527 0.0632 261.9 57.0 -
10 -28 -1869 Jun 30 06:11:04 43327 -47848 P h- -0.9149 1.1765 0.1817 274.4 95.3 -
11 -27 -1851 Jul 10 13:23:39 42904 -47625 P h- -0.8517 1.2955 0.2948 285.6 119.8 -
12 -26 -1833 Jul 21 20:43:12 42484 -47402 P t- -0.7949 1.4028 0.3959 295.0 137.2 -
13 -25 -1815 Aug 01 04:08:03 42065 -47179 P t- -0.7435 1.5005 0.4869 303.1 150.6 -
14 -24 -1797 Aug 12 11:39:35 41648 -46956 P t- -0.6985 1.5865 0.5662 310.1 160.9 -
15 -23 -1779 Aug 22 19:18:32 41234 -46733 P t- -0.6603 1.6600 0.6330 316.0 168.8 -
16 -22 -1761 Sep 03 03:05:25 40821 -46510 P t- -0.6295 1.7199 0.6862 320.8 174.8 -
17 -21 -1743 Sep 13 11:00:00 40411 -46287 P t- -0.6058 1.7667 0.7264 324.8 179.1 -
18 -20 -1725 Sep 24 19:00:40 40003 -46064 P t- -0.5880 1.8025 0.7560 328.2 182.3 -
19 -19 -1707 Oct 05 03:08:40 39597 -45841 P t- -0.5772 1.8252 0.7730 330.8 184.4 -
20 -18 -1689 Oct 16 11:21:25 39192 -45618 P t- -0.5709 1.8393 0.7819 332.9 185.6 -
21 -17 -1671 Oct 26 19:38:10 38790 -45395 P t- -0.5689 1.8454 0.7834 334.6 186.3 -
22 -16 -1653 Nov 07 03:56:46 38390 -45172 P t- -0.5690 1.8471 0.7811 336.0 186.6 -
23 -15 -1635 Nov 17 12:16:33 37992 -44949 P t- -0.5708 1.8455 0.7763 337.1 186.7 -
24 -14 -1617 Nov 28 20:34:34 37597 -44726 P t- -0.5719 1.8446 0.7730 338.2 186.9 -
25 -13 -1599 Dec 09 04:49:23 37203 -44503 P t- -0.5711 1.8471 0.7737 339.4 187.4 -
26 -12 -1581 Dec 20 12:59:37 36811 -44280 P t- -0.5670 1.8551 0.7807 340.7 188.5 -
27 -11 -1563 Dec 30 21:03:50 36421 -44057 P t- -0.5583 1.8713 0.7965 342.4 190.3 -
28 -10 -1544 Jan 11 04:59:08 36034 -43834 P t- -0.5430 1.8993 0.8247 344.6 193.2 -
29 -09 -1526 Jan 21 12:45:57 35648 -43611 P t- -0.5213 1.9389 0.8648 347.1 196.9 -
30 -08 -1508 Feb 01 20:22:22 35265 -43388 P t- -0.4915 1.9930 0.9198 350.2 201.5 -
31 -07 -1490 Feb 12 03:49:47 34884 -43165 P t- -0.4546 2.0601 0.9880 353.6 206.7 -
32 -06 -1472 Feb 23 11:04:22 34504 -42942 T t- -0.4079 2.1452 1.0744 357.3 212.5 43.7
33 -05 -1454 Mar 05 18:10:22 34127 -42719 T p- -0.3546 2.2425 1.1729 361.0 218.2 64.7
34 -04 -1436 Mar 16 01:04:18 33752 -42496 T pp -0.2921 2.3565 1.2881 364.6 223.7 80.3
35 -03 -1418 Mar 27 07:50:41 33379 -42273 T- pp -0.2238 2.4813 1.4140 367.8 228.5 91.9
36 -02 -1400 Apr 06 14:26:26 33008 -42050 T- pp -0.1471 2.6215 1.5550 370.5 232.3 100.3
37 -01 -1382 Apr 17 20:57:12 32639 -41827 T- pp -0.0668 2.7686 1.7026 372.3 234.7 105.2
38 00 -1364 Apr 28 03:20:47 32272 -41604 T+ pp 0.0187 2.8569 1.7910 373.0 235.5 106.4
39 01 -1346 May 09 09:41:00 31907 -41381 T+ pp 0.1067 2.6956 1.6295 372.6 234.4 103.6
40 02 -1328 May 19 15:58:04 31545 -41158 T+ pp 0.1968 2.5306 1.4639 371.0 231.3 95.9
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 -1310 May 30 22:15:34 31184 -40935 T pt 0.2860 2.3673 1.2997 368.1 226.2 82.3
42 04 -1292 Jun 10 04:33:40 30825 -40712 T -t 0.3747 2.2052 1.1361 363.9 218.8 58.8
43 05 -1274 Jun 21 10:54:18 30469 -40489 P -t 0.4611 2.0476 0.9768 358.6 209.3 -
44 06 -1256 Jul 01 17:19:40 30115 -40266 P -t 0.5433 1.8978 0.8250 352.3 197.7 -
45 07 -1238 Jul 12 23:51:12 29762 -40043 P -t 0.6200 1.7582 0.6830 345.3 184.3 -
46 08 -1220 Jul 23 06:29:44 29412 -39820 P -t 0.6911 1.6291 0.5514 337.8 169.2 -
47 09 -1202 Aug 03 13:16:41 29064 -39597 P -t 0.7552 1.5128 0.4324 330.1 152.6 -
48 10 -1184 Aug 13 20:13:26 28718 -39374 P -t 0.8114 1.4110 0.3279 322.6 135.0 -
49 11 -1166 Aug 25 03:20:15 28374 -39151 P -t 0.8592 1.3246 0.2389 315.6 116.7 -
50 12 -1148 Sep 04 10:35:44 28032 -38928 P -t 0.9000 1.2510 0.1628 309.1 97.3 -
51 13 -1130 Sep 15 18:02:24 27692 -38705 P -t 0.9319 1.1937 0.1032 303.7 78.1 -
52 14 -1112 Sep 26 01:38:06 27354 -38482 P -t 0.9567 1.1491 0.0568 299.2 58.2 -
53 15 -1094 Oct 07 09:23:47 27018 -38259 P -t 0.9735 1.1188 0.0251 295.8 38.8 -
54 16 -1076 Oct 17 17:15:31 26684 -38036 P -t 0.9858 1.0967 0.0022 293.2 11.5 -
55 17 -1058 Oct 29 01:15:45 26353 -37813 Nx -t 0.9917 1.0860 -0.0086 291.6 - -
56 18 -1040 Nov 08 09:19:55 26023 -37590 Nx -t 0.9949 1.0798 -0.0141 290.5 - -
57 19 -1022 Nov 19 17:27:58 25696 -37367 Nx -t 0.9955 1.0779 -0.0145 289.6 - -
58 20 -1004 Nov 30 01:36:37 25370 -37144 Nx -t 0.9962 1.0756 -0.0147 288.7 - -
59 21 -0986 Dec 11 09:45:47 25047 -36921 Nx -t 0.9972 1.0721 -0.0151 287.5 - -
60 22 -0968 Dec 21 17:52:05 24726 -36698 Nx -t 1.0010 1.0633 -0.0202 285.7 - -
61 23 -0949 Jan 02 01:54:36 24406 -36475 Nx -t 1.0087 1.0469 -0.0321 283.0 - -
62 24 -0931 Jan 12 09:52:05 24089 -36252 Nx -t 1.0211 1.0215 -0.0524 279.2 - -
63 25 -0913 Jan 23 17:43:31 23774 -36029 N -t 1.0392 0.9854 -0.0828 274.2 - -
64 26 -0895 Feb 03 01:26:45 23461 -35806 N -t 1.0645 0.9361 -0.1261 267.5 - -
65 27 -0877 Feb 14 09:02:46 23150 -35583 N -t 1.0961 0.8749 -0.1809 259.2 - -
66 28 -0859 Feb 24 16:30:46 22842 -35360 N -t 1.1348 0.8006 -0.2488 248.7 - -
67 29 -0841 Mar 07 23:52:17 22535 -35137 N -t 1.1796 0.7151 -0.3278 235.9 - -
68 30 -0823 Mar 18 07:04:58 22230 -34914 N -t 1.2320 0.6157 -0.4207 220.0 - -
69 31 -0805 Mar 29 14:13:02 21927 -34691 N -t 1.2887 0.5086 -0.5216 201.1 - -
70 32 -0787 Apr 08 21:14:15 21627 -34468 N -t 1.3513 0.3907 -0.6336 177.4 - -
71 33 -0769 Apr 20 04:12:50 21328 -34245 N -t 1.4167 0.2678 -0.7509 147.9 - -
72 34 -0751 Apr 30 11:06:58 21032 -34022 N -t 1.4864 0.1373 -0.8762 106.6 - -
73 35 -0733 May 11 18:01:26 20738 -33799 Ne -t 1.5565 0.0063 -1.0025 23.0 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
