The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 22 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -1926 Feb 02. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -0610 Apr 02. The total duration of Saros series 22 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1926 Feb 02 17:47:59 TD
Last Eclipse = -0610 Apr 02 08:08:34 TD
Duration of Saros 22 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 22 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 22 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 33 | 44.6% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 21.6% |
| Total | T | 25 | 33.8% |
The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 22 occur in the order of 10N 9P 25T 7P 23N which corresponds to:
10 Penumbral
9 Partial
25 Total
7 Partial
23 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 22 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1223 Mar 31 Duration = 01h45m52s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1584 Aug 26 Duration = 00h25m12s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1133 May 24 Duration = 03h29m36s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1746 May 21 Duration = 00h52m09s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1007 Aug 07 Duration = 04h48m50s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1926 Feb 02 Duration = 00h38m23s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 22 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1133 May 24 Magnitude = 0.9814
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1746 May 21 Magnitude = 0.0527
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 22 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -38 -1926 Feb 02 17:47:59 44687 -48558 N a- 1.5407 0.0197 -0.9580 38.4 - -
02 -37 -1908 Feb 14 01:51:59 44258 -48335 N a- 1.5115 0.0728 -0.9042 73.6 - -
03 -36 -1890 Feb 24 09:45:03 43830 -48112 N a- 1.4743 0.1409 -0.8356 102.0 - -
04 -35 -1872 Mar 06 17:30:33 43405 -47889 N a- 1.4319 0.2186 -0.7576 126.5 - -
05 -34 -1854 Mar 18 01:05:07 42982 -47666 N a- 1.3815 0.3111 -0.6653 150.1 - -
06 -33 -1836 Mar 28 08:33:32 42561 -47443 N a- 1.3268 0.4117 -0.5652 171.6 - -
07 -32 -1818 Apr 08 15:53:11 42142 -47220 N a- 1.2656 0.5245 -0.4535 192.3 - -
08 -31 -1800 Apr 18 23:07:28 41725 -46997 N a- 1.2007 0.6444 -0.3352 211.4 - -
09 -30 -1782 Apr 30 06:15:29 41310 -46774 N h- 1.1312 0.7731 -0.2088 229.4 - -
10 -29 -1764 May 10 13:20:30 40897 -46551 N h- 1.0599 0.9053 -0.0794 245.9 - -
11 -28 -1746 May 21 20:22:41 40486 -46328 P h- 0.9870 1.0409 0.0527 261.1 52.1 -
12 -27 -1728 Jun 01 03:23:00 40078 -46105 P t- 0.9133 1.1781 0.1859 274.8 96.5 -
13 -26 -1710 Jun 12 10:23:58 39671 -45882 P t- 0.8409 1.3135 0.3166 287.2 124.0 -
14 -25 -1692 Jun 22 17:26:19 39267 -45659 P t- 0.7701 1.4460 0.4439 298.2 144.6 -
15 -24 -1674 Jul 04 00:31:48 38864 -45436 P t- 0.7028 1.5722 0.5645 307.8 160.5 -
16 -23 -1656 Jul 14 07:40:33 38464 -45213 P t- 0.6391 1.6922 0.6784 316.3 173.3 -
17 -22 -1638 Jul 25 14:55:15 38065 -44990 P t- 0.5811 1.8019 0.7817 323.6 183.4 -
18 -21 -1620 Aug 04 22:15:48 37669 -44767 P t- 0.5286 1.9016 0.8747 329.8 191.5 -
19 -20 -1602 Aug 16 05:42:53 37275 -44544 P t- 0.4822 1.9901 0.9565 335.2 197.9 -
20 -19 -1584 Aug 26 13:17:34 36883 -44321 T t- 0.4428 2.0657 1.0254 339.8 202.9 25.2
21 -18 -1566 Sep 06 21:00:26 36493 -44098 T p- 0.4112 2.1272 1.0802 343.7 206.7 44.1
22 -17 -1548 Sep 17 04:50:57 36105 -43875 T p- 0.3862 2.1762 1.1230 346.9 209.5 54.0
23 -16 -1530 Sep 28 12:47:59 35719 -43652 T p- 0.3672 2.2140 1.1547 349.7 211.7 60.0
24 -15 -1512 Oct 08 20:51:39 35335 -43429 T p- 0.3544 2.2403 1.1755 352.0 213.2 63.6
25 -14 -1494 Oct 20 05:00:46 34954 -43206 T p- 0.3467 2.2569 1.1871 353.9 214.3 65.5
26 -13 -1476 Oct 30 13:13:03 34574 -42983 T p- 0.3424 2.2670 1.1930 355.5 215.1 66.5
27 -12 -1458 Nov 10 21:27:54 34196 -42760 T p- 0.3409 2.2716 1.1940 356.9 215.6 66.8
28 -11 -1440 Nov 21 05:42:31 33821 -42537 T p- 0.3399 2.2748 1.1945 358.2 216.1 67.0
29 -10 -1422 Dec 02 13:56:30 33447 -42314 T p- 0.3390 2.2774 1.1951 359.3 216.7 67.2
30 -09 -1404 Dec 12 22:05:23 33076 -42091 T p- 0.3348 2.2858 1.2023 360.5 217.5 68.4
31 -08 -1386 Dec 24 06:10:50 32707 -41868 T p- 0.3284 2.2978 1.2138 361.7 218.5 70.2
32 -07 -1367 Jan 03 14:08:05 32339 -41645 T p- 0.3164 2.3198 1.2358 363.0 219.9 73.3
33 -06 -1349 Jan 14 21:58:10 31974 -41422 T p- 0.2988 2.3516 1.2684 364.5 221.7 77.5
34 -05 -1331 Jan 25 05:37:28 31611 -41199 T pp 0.2731 2.3984 1.3162 366.2 224.0 82.8
35 -04 -1313 Feb 05 13:08:38 31250 -40976 T+ pp 0.2413 2.4559 1.3752 367.9 226.5 88.4
36 -03 -1295 Feb 15 20:28:30 30891 -40753 T+ pp 0.2008 2.5293 1.4503 369.7 229.1 94.1
37 -02 -1277 Feb 27 03:38:12 30534 -40530 T+ pp 0.1525 2.6171 1.5399 371.4 231.6 99.3
38 -01 -1259 Mar 09 10:37:07 30180 -40307 T+ pp 0.0957 2.7203 1.6449 372.8 233.7 103.4
39 00 -1241 Mar 20 17:27:12 29827 -40084 T+ pp 0.0320 2.8364 1.7628 373.7 235.1 105.8
40 01 -1223 Mar 31 00:08:15 29476 -39861 T- pp -0.0388 2.8232 1.7512 373.9 235.3 105.9
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 02 -1205 Apr 11 06:41:26 29128 -39638 T- pp -0.1154 2.6817 1.6111 373.2 234.2 102.9
42 03 -1187 Apr 21 13:08:29 28781 -39415 T- pp -0.1970 2.5316 1.4621 371.4 231.3 95.8
43 04 -1169 May 02 19:30:56 28437 -39192 T pt -0.2820 2.3752 1.3064 368.5 226.5 83.0
44 05 -1151 May 13 01:48:56 28094 -38969 T -t -0.3704 2.2128 1.1445 364.1 219.3 60.4
45 06 -1133 May 24 08:05:53 27754 -38746 P -t -0.4592 2.0498 0.9814 358.4 209.6 -
46 07 -1115 Jun 03 14:22:11 27416 -38523 P -t -0.5485 1.8862 0.8175 351.3 197.1 -
47 08 -1097 Jun 14 20:41:47 27080 -38300 P -t -0.6348 1.7281 0.6587 343.0 181.8 -
48 09 -1079 Jun 25 03:02:41 26745 -38077 P -t -0.7200 1.5724 0.5019 333.4 162.7 -
49 10 -1061 Jul 06 09:30:50 26413 -37854 P -t -0.7992 1.4277 0.3557 323.0 140.0 -
50 11 -1043 Jul 16 16:04:05 26084 -37631 P -t -0.8746 1.2903 0.2167 311.8 111.5 -
51 12 -1025 Jul 27 22:46:49 25756 -37408 P -t -0.9422 1.1672 0.0917 300.4 73.8 -
52 13 -1007 Aug 07 05:36:31 25430 -37185 Nx -t -1.0043 1.0543 -0.0232 288.8 - -
53 14 -0989 Aug 18 12:38:00 25106 -36962 N -t -1.0573 0.9579 -0.1217 277.9 - -
54 15 -0971 Aug 28 19:48:31 24785 -36739 N -t -1.1035 0.8743 -0.2074 267.5 - -
55 16 -0953 Sep 09 03:09:53 24465 -36516 N -t -1.1414 0.8057 -0.2778 258.3 - -
56 17 -0935 Sep 19 10:41:00 24147 -36293 N -t -1.1718 0.7507 -0.3344 250.4 - -
57 18 -0917 Sep 30 18:23:02 23832 -36070 N -t -1.1935 0.7114 -0.3748 244.3 - -
58 19 -0899 Oct 11 02:13:31 23519 -35847 N -t -1.2093 0.6828 -0.4042 239.6 - -
59 20 -0881 Oct 22 10:11:12 23207 -35624 N -t -1.2198 0.6637 -0.4234 236.2 - -
60 21 -0863 Nov 01 18:15:33 22898 -35401 N -t -1.2253 0.6532 -0.4334 234.1 - -
61 22 -0845 Nov 13 02:24:54 22591 -35178 N -t -1.2272 0.6492 -0.4361 232.9 - -
62 23 -0827 Nov 23 10:36:37 22286 -34955 N -t -1.2277 0.6473 -0.4360 232.0 - -
63 24 -0809 Dec 04 18:49:35 21983 -34732 N -t -1.2274 0.6464 -0.4343 231.1 - -
64 25 -0791 Dec 15 03:01:46 21682 -34509 N -t -1.2285 0.6426 -0.4345 229.8 - -
65 26 -0773 Dec 26 11:12:04 21383 -34286 N -t -1.2316 0.6347 -0.4381 227.7 - -
66 27 -0754 Jan 05 19:17:23 21086 -34063 N -t -1.2393 0.6182 -0.4497 224.2 - -
67 28 -0736 Jan 17 03:18:32 20792 -33840 N -t -1.2509 0.5941 -0.4683 219.5 - -
68 29 -0718 Jan 27 11:12:53 20499 -33617 N -t -1.2683 0.5592 -0.4973 212.7 - -
69 30 -0700 Feb 07 19:00:18 20208 -33394 N -t -1.2921 0.5123 -0.5379 203.6 - -
70 31 -0682 Feb 18 02:39:50 19920 -33171 N -t -1.3229 0.4526 -0.5912 191.6 - -
71 32 -0664 Feb 29 10:12:40 19634 -32948 N -t -1.3596 0.3819 -0.6552 176.3 - -
72 33 -0646 Mar 11 17:38:09 19349 -32725 N -t -1.4027 0.2994 -0.7311 156.6 - -
73 34 -0628 Mar 22 00:56:00 19067 -32502 N -t -1.4525 0.2048 -0.8192 130.0 - -
74 35 -0610 Apr 02 08:08:34 18787 -32279 N -t -1.5071 0.1015 -0.9162 91.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
