Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 30

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 30 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -1803 Jun 19. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -0487 Aug 18. The total duration of Saros series 30 is 1316.20 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse = -1803 Jun 19   10:21:59 TD
                       Last Eclipse = -0487 Aug 18   11:37:33 TD

                      Duration of Saros  30  =  1316.20 Years

Saros 30 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 30
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 74100.0%
PenumbralN 28 37.8%
PartialP 17 23.0%
TotalT 29 39.2%

The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 30 occur in the order of 20N 10P 29T 7P 8N which corresponds to:

                                    20  Penumbral
                                    10  Partial
                                    29  Total
                                     7  Partial
                                     8  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 30 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:   -1154 Jul 14      Duration = 01h39m01s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:   -0757 Mar 09      Duration = 00h07m58s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -0739 Mar 20      Duration = 03h06m41s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -1442 Jan 22      Duration = 00h38m06s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:   -0613 Jun 04      Duration = 04h15m48s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:   -1803 Jun 19      Duration = 00h45m05s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 30 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -0739 Mar 20      Magnitude = 0.9035
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -1442 Jan 22      Magnitude = 0.0296

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 30 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 30

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -37  -1803 Jun 19  10:21:59  41790 -47032   Nb  t-   1.5508  0.0236 -0.9987   45.1    -      -  
 02  -36  -1785 Jun 30  17:19:23  41375 -46809   N   h-   1.4759  0.1602 -0.8605  115.6    -      -  
 03  -35  -1767 Jul 11  00:23:39  40962 -46586   N   h-   1.4050  0.2898 -0.7299  153.1    -      -  
 04  -34  -1749 Jul 22  07:37:06  40551 -46363   N   h-   1.3400  0.4086 -0.6103  179.2    -      -  
 05  -33  -1731 Aug 01  14:59:46  40142 -46140   N   a-   1.2813  0.5161 -0.5023  198.6    -      -  
 06  -32  -1713 Aug 12  22:33:22  39735 -45917   N   a-   1.2304  0.6095 -0.4087  213.2    -      -  
 07  -31  -1695 Aug 23  06:17:06  39330 -45694   N   a-   1.1865  0.6899 -0.3282  224.2    -      -  
 08  -30  -1677 Sep 03  14:10:47  38927 -45471   N   a-   1.1499  0.7571 -0.2610  232.6    -      -  
 09  -29  -1659 Sep 13  22:15:03  38527 -45248   N   a-   1.1209  0.8102 -0.2077  238.5    -      -  
 10  -28  -1641 Sep 25  06:28:36  38128 -45025   N   a-   1.0987  0.8508 -0.1668  242.6    -      -  

 11  -27  -1623 Oct 05  14:50:24  37731 -44802   N   a-   1.0826  0.8801 -0.1369  245.2    -      -  
 12  -26  -1605 Oct 16  23:19:22  37337 -44579   N   a-   1.0716  0.8997 -0.1163  246.7    -      -  
 13  -25  -1587 Oct 27  07:54:32  36944 -44356   N   a-   1.0650  0.9110 -0.1035  247.1    -      -  
 14  -24  -1569 Nov 07  16:33:55  36554 -44133   N   a-   1.0613  0.9170 -0.0956  247.0    -      -  
 15  -23  -1551 Nov 18  01:15:14  36166 -43910   N   a-   1.0584  0.9210 -0.0891  246.6    -      -  
 16  -22  -1533 Nov 29  09:57:55  35780 -43687   N   a-   1.0561  0.9236 -0.0834  246.0    -      -  
 17  -21  -1515 Dec 09  18:39:54  35395 -43464   N   a-   1.0530  0.9274 -0.0759  245.6    -      -  
 18  -20  -1497 Dec 21  03:18:40  35013 -43241   N   a-   1.0466  0.9371 -0.0620  245.8    -      -  
 19  -19  -1479 Dec 31  11:53:05  34633 -43018   N   a-   1.0361  0.9541 -0.0406  246.7    -      -  
 20  -18  -1460 Jan 11  20:22:09  34255 -42795   N   a-   1.0210  0.9793 -0.0103  248.4    -      -  

 21  -17  -1442 Jan 22  04:45:20  33880 -42572   P   a-   1.0006  1.0141  0.0296  250.9   38.1    -  
 22  -16  -1424 Feb 02  13:00:08  33506 -42349   P   a-   0.9731  1.0618  0.0827  254.5   63.1    -  
 23  -15  -1406 Feb 12  21:08:15  33134 -42126   P   a-   0.9398  1.1203  0.1464  258.9   83.0    -  
 24  -14  -1388 Feb 24  05:07:51  32764 -41903   P   a-   0.8989  1.1926  0.2241  264.1  101.4    -  
 25  -13  -1370 Mar 06  13:00:47  32397 -41680   P   a-   0.8522  1.2757  0.3122  269.8  118.0    -  
 26  -12  -1352 Mar 16  20:45:21  32031 -41457   P   a-   0.7983  1.3724  0.4136  275.9  133.5    -  
 27  -11  -1334 Mar 28  04:25:02  31668 -41234   P   a-   0.7397  1.4776  0.5232  281.9  147.5    -  
 28  -10  -1316 Apr 07  11:58:29  31307 -41011   P   a-   0.6755  1.5936  0.6430  288.0  160.2    -  
 29  -09  -1298 Apr 18  19:27:45  30947 -40788   P   a-   0.6072  1.7172  0.7699  293.7  171.4    -  
 30  -08  -1280 Apr 29  02:53:40  30590 -40565   P   a-   0.5355  1.8474  0.9027  298.9  181.3    -  

 31  -07  -1262 May 10  10:17:48  30235 -40342   T   a-   0.4618  1.9817  1.0389  303.6  189.6   29.2
 32  -06  -1244 May 20  17:41:12  29882 -40119   T   a-   0.3872  2.1180  1.1765  307.6  196.4   59.7
 33  -05  -1226 Jun 01  01:04:07  29531 -39896   T   p-   0.3118  2.2560  1.3152  310.9  201.9   76.1
 34  -04  -1208 Jun 11  08:29:33  29182 -39673   T+  p-   0.2382  2.3911  1.4502  313.4  205.9   86.6
 35  -03  -1190 Jun 22  15:57:31  28835 -39450   T+  p-   0.1662  2.5236  1.5819  315.3  208.8   93.4
 36  -02  -1172 Jul 02  23:29:34  28491 -39227   T+  pp   0.0978  2.6498  1.7068  316.5  210.5   97.3
 37  -01  -1154 Jul 14  07:06:21  28148 -39004   T+  pp   0.0333  2.7691  1.8241  317.2  211.3   99.0
 38   00  -1136 Jul 24  14:49:40  27807 -38781   T-  pp  -0.0257  2.7844  1.8369  317.5  211.2   99.0
 39   01  -1118 Aug 04  22:39:39  27469 -38558   T-  pp  -0.0790  2.6880  1.7375  317.5  210.6   97.7
 40   02  -1100 Aug 15  06:36:09  27132 -38335   T-  -p  -0.1269  2.6019  1.6481  317.2  209.6   95.4


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 30

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   03  -1082 Aug 26  14:41:10  26798 -38112   T-  -p  -0.1674  2.5293  1.5719  316.9  208.4   92.6
 42   04  -1064 Sep 05  22:53:51  26465 -37889   T-  -p  -0.2013  2.4690  1.5079  316.7  207.1   89.5
 43   05  -1046 Sep 17  07:15:14  26135 -37666   T-  -p  -0.2280  2.4220  1.4570  316.5  206.0   86.6
 44   06  -1028 Sep 27  15:42:52  25807 -37443   T-  -p  -0.2493  2.3847  1.4161  316.5  205.0   84.0
 45   07  -1010 Oct 09  00:18:52  25481 -37220   T-  -p  -0.2635  2.3604  1.3883  316.7  204.3   82.0
 46   08  -0992 Oct 19  08:59:46  25157 -36997   T   -p  -0.2736  2.3435  1.3681  317.0  203.9   80.4
 47   09  -0974 Oct 30  17:46:10  24835 -36774   T   -p  -0.2788  2.3354  1.3571  317.5  203.8   79.6
 48   10  -0956 Nov 10  02:34:54  24515 -36551   T   -p  -0.2819  2.3309  1.3501  318.1  203.8   79.1
 49   11  -0938 Nov 21  11:26:22  24197 -36328   T   -p  -0.2825  2.3310  1.3481  318.7  204.0   79.0
 50   12  -0920 Dec 01  20:16:55  23881 -36105   T   -p  -0.2835  2.3299  1.3455  319.4  204.2   78.9

 51   13  -0902 Dec 13  05:06:01  23568 -35882   T   -p  -0.2853  2.3272  1.3418  320.0  204.5   78.7
 52   14  -0884 Dec 23  13:51:18  23256 -35659   T   -p  -0.2898  2.3192  1.3331  320.5  204.6   78.1
 53   15  -0865 Jan 03  22:32:24  22947 -35436   T   -p  -0.2969  2.3062  1.3199  320.9  204.5   77.0
 54   16  -0847 Jan 14  07:05:49  22639 -35213   T   -p  -0.3102  2.2817  1.2956  321.0  204.1   74.8
 55   17  -0829 Jan 25  15:32:21  22334 -34990   T   -p  -0.3287  2.2477  1.2619  320.9  203.3   71.4
 56   18  -0811 Feb 04  23:49:49  22030 -34767   T   -p  -0.3539  2.2012  1.2158  320.5  201.9   66.0
 57   19  -0793 Feb 16  07:59:33  21729 -34544   T   -a  -0.3849  2.1440  1.1591  319.7  199.9   57.9
 58   20  -0775 Feb 26  15:57:59  21430 -34321   T   -a  -0.4247  2.0709  1.0864  318.3  196.8   43.8
 59   21  -0757 Mar 09  23:48:34  21133 -34098   T   -a  -0.4703  1.9871  1.0027  316.2  192.6    8.0
 60   22  -0739 Mar 20  07:28:28  20838 -33875   P   -a  -0.5243  1.8880  0.9035  313.3  186.7    -  

 61   23  -0721 Mar 31  15:01:21  20545 -33652   P   -a  -0.5833  1.7799  0.7951  309.5  179.0    -  
 62   24  -0703 Apr 10  22:24:03  20254 -33429   P   -a  -0.6499  1.6582  0.6724  304.4  168.6    -  
 63   25  -0685 Apr 22  05:41:36  19965 -33206   P   -a  -0.7199  1.5305  0.5433  298.1  155.2    -  
 64   26  -0667 May 02  12:51:31  19678 -32983   P   -a  -0.7954  1.3929  0.4038  290.2  137.2    -  
 65   27  -0649 May 13  19:57:16  19394 -32760   P   -a  -0.8732  1.2514  0.2598  280.7  112.8    -  
 66   28  -0631 May 24  02:58:23  19111 -32537   P   -a  -0.9538  1.1051  0.1104  269.2   75.3    -  
 67   29  -0613 Jun 04  09:57:46  18831 -32314   N   -a  -1.0346  0.9586 -0.0397  255.8    -      -  
 68   30  -0595 Jun 14  16:55:52  18552 -32091   N   -a  -1.1153  0.8128 -0.1898  240.2    -      -  
 69   31  -0577 Jun 25  23:53:44  18276 -31868   N   -a  -1.1947  0.6695 -0.3379  222.2    -      -  
 70   32  -0559 Jul 06  06:53:57  18001 -31645   N   -h  -1.2711  0.5320 -0.4807  201.7    -      -  

 71   33  -0541 Jul 17  13:57:05  17729 -31422   N   -h  -1.3440  0.4010 -0.6174  178.2    -      -  
 72   34  -0523 Jul 27  21:04:52  17459 -31199   N   -h  -1.4118  0.2796 -0.7448  151.2    -      -  
 73   35  -0505 Aug 08  04:17:39  17191 -30976   N   -h  -1.4745  0.1678 -0.8629  118.9    -      -  
 74   36  -0487 Aug 18  11:37:33  16883 -30753   N   -h  -1.5305  0.0684 -0.9689   76.9    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to: Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Return to: Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses

2009 Sep 29