The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 45 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -1351 Aug 29. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0164 Feb 25. The total duration of Saros series 45 is 1514.53 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1351 Aug 29 23:35:55 TD
Last Eclipse = 0164 Feb 25 22:06:19 TD
Duration of Saros 45 = 1514.53 Years
Saros 45 is composed of 85 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 45 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 85 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 42 | 49.4% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 16.5% |
| Total | T | 29 | 34.1% |
The 85 lunar eclipses in Saros 45 occur in the order of 21N 7P 29T 7P 21N which corresponds to:
21 Penumbral
7 Partial
29 Total
7 Partial
21 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 45 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0684 Oct 03 Duration = 01h38m36s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0341 Apr 28 Duration = 00h37m11s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0864 Jun 17 Duration = 03h09m02s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0972 Apr 13 Duration = 01h07m13s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0990 Apr 03 Duration = 04h13m18s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1351 Aug 29 Duration = 01h08m27s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 45 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0864 Jun 17 Magnitude = 0.9539
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0972 Apr 13 Magnitude = 0.0886
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 45 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -40 -1351 Aug 29 23:35:55 32002 -41439 N t- -1.5496 0.0504 -1.0208 68.4 - -
02 -39 -1333 Sep 10 07:07:49 31639 -41216 N t- -1.5132 0.1177 -0.9544 103.8 - -
03 -38 -1315 Sep 20 14:49:53 31278 -40993 N t- -1.4839 0.1719 -0.9009 124.5 - -
04 -37 -1297 Oct 01 22:42:18 30919 -40770 N h- -1.4620 0.2121 -0.8610 137.5 - -
05 -36 -1279 Oct 12 06:42:34 30562 -40547 N h- -1.4454 0.2425 -0.8305 146.2 - -
06 -35 -1261 Oct 23 14:51:04 30207 -40324 N h- -1.4347 0.2618 -0.8104 151.3 - -
07 -34 -1243 Nov 02 23:05:17 29854 -40101 N h- -1.4275 0.2744 -0.7965 154.2 - -
08 -33 -1225 Nov 14 07:23:21 29503 -39878 N a- -1.4225 0.2824 -0.7863 155.8 - -
09 -32 -1207 Nov 24 15:43:55 29154 -39655 N a- -1.4187 0.2880 -0.7780 156.8 - -
10 -31 -1189 Dec 06 00:04:43 28807 -39432 N a- -1.4141 0.2947 -0.7677 157.9 - -
11 -30 -1171 Dec 16 08:24:29 28463 -39209 N a- -1.4080 0.3037 -0.7545 159.6 - -
12 -29 -1153 Dec 27 16:39:56 28120 -38986 N a- -1.3976 0.3204 -0.7329 163.0 - -
13 -28 -1134 Jan 07 00:52:06 27780 -38763 N a- -1.3836 0.3433 -0.7046 167.6 - -
14 -27 -1116 Jan 18 08:57:49 27441 -38540 N a- -1.3635 0.3772 -0.6647 174.4 - -
15 -26 -1098 Jan 28 16:56:55 27105 -38317 N a- -1.3372 0.4222 -0.6134 182.9 - -
16 -25 -1080 Feb 09 00:48:15 26771 -38094 N a- -1.3039 0.4801 -0.5489 193.1 - -
17 -24 -1062 Feb 19 08:32:50 26439 -37871 N a- -1.2640 0.5499 -0.4724 204.3 - -
18 -23 -1044 Mar 01 16:10:21 26109 -37648 N a- -1.2172 0.6324 -0.3833 216.2 - -
19 -22 -1026 Mar 12 23:39:59 25781 -37425 N a- -1.1629 0.7288 -0.2804 228.8 - -
20 -21 -1008 Mar 23 07:04:02 25455 -37202 N a- -1.1029 0.8356 -0.1672 241.2 - -
21 -20 -0990 Apr 03 14:22:14 25131 -36979 N a- -1.0370 0.9535 -0.0433 253.3 - -
22 -19 -0972 Apr 13 21:36:22 24809 -36756 P a- -0.9666 1.0798 0.0886 264.7 67.2 -
23 -18 -0954 Apr 25 04:46:39 24489 -36533 P a- -0.8917 1.2147 0.2286 275.4 105.5 -
24 -17 -0936 May 05 11:55:35 24172 -36310 P a- -0.8146 1.3539 0.3724 284.9 131.5 -
25 -16 -0918 May 16 19:03:53 23856 -36087 P a- -0.7360 1.4960 0.5185 293.3 151.2 -
26 -15 -0900 May 27 02:12:10 23542 -35864 P a- -0.6564 1.6404 0.6662 300.5 166.9 -
27 -14 -0882 Jun 07 09:22:52 23231 -35641 P a- -0.5779 1.7832 0.8117 306.6 179.3 -
28 -13 -0864 Jun 17 16:36:15 22922 -35418 P a- -0.5010 1.9232 0.9539 311.5 189.0 -
29 -12 -0846 Jun 28 23:55:04 22614 -35195 T a- -0.4276 2.0571 1.0892 315.3 196.5 44.4
30 -11 -0828 Jul 09 07:18:01 22309 -34972 T a- -0.3572 2.1859 1.2190 318.2 202.2 66.6
31 -10 -0810 Jul 20 14:49:19 22006 -34749 T p- -0.2931 2.3032 1.3366 320.3 206.2 79.2
32 -09 -0792 Jul 30 22:26:57 21705 -34526 T- p- -0.2339 2.4119 1.4452 321.6 209.0 87.3
33 -08 -0774 Aug 11 06:14:12 21406 -34303 T- p- -0.1822 2.5072 1.5399 322.4 210.7 92.3
34 -07 -0756 Aug 21 14:08:42 21109 -34080 T- p- -0.1359 2.5925 1.6244 322.7 211.7 95.5
35 -06 -0738 Sep 01 22:13:51 20814 -33857 T- p- -0.0980 2.6627 1.6935 322.8 212.2 97.3
36 -05 -0720 Sep 12 06:26:53 20521 -33634 T- p- -0.0664 2.7212 1.7508 322.6 212.3 98.2
37 -04 -0702 Sep 23 14:49:03 20231 -33411 T- p- -0.0420 2.7666 1.7951 322.4 212.2 98.5
38 -03 -0684 Oct 03 23:18:52 19942 -33188 T- pp -0.0235 2.8010 1.8283 322.1 211.9 98.6
39 -02 -0666 Oct 15 07:57:00 19655 -32965 T- pp -0.0115 2.8236 1.8500 321.7 211.6 98.5
40 -01 -0648 Oct 25 16:40:37 19371 -32742 T- pp -0.0039 2.8378 1.8636 321.4 211.4 98.4
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 00 -0630 Nov 06 01:29:13 19088 -32519 T- pp -0.0002 2.8448 1.8703 321.1 211.1 98.3
42 01 -0612 Nov 16 10:20:37 18808 -32296 T+ pp 0.0014 2.8425 1.8681 320.7 210.9 98.2
43 02 -0594 Nov 27 19:14:40 18530 -32073 T+ pp 0.0011 2.8428 1.8690 320.4 210.8 98.1
44 03 -0576 Dec 08 04:07:19 18253 -31850 T+ pp 0.0020 2.8405 1.8677 320.1 210.6 98.1
45 04 -0558 Dec 19 12:59:22 17979 -31627 T+ pp 0.0037 2.8367 1.8654 319.8 210.6 98.1
46 05 -0540 Dec 29 21:47:00 17707 -31404 T+ pp 0.0093 2.8255 1.8561 319.5 210.6 98.1
47 06 -0521 Jan 10 06:31:20 17437 -31181 T+ pp 0.0175 2.8092 1.8420 319.2 210.6 98.2
48 07 -0503 Jan 20 15:07:50 17169 -30958 T+ pp 0.0327 2.7802 1.8155 318.9 210.5 98.1
49 08 -0485 Jan 31 23:39:21 16857 -30735 T+ pp 0.0520 2.7434 1.7813 318.6 210.5 97.9
50 09 -0467 Feb 11 08:02:00 16545 -30512 T+ -p 0.0791 2.6923 1.7329 318.1 210.2 97.2
51 10 -0449 Feb 22 16:17:28 16241 -30289 T+ -p 0.1122 2.6302 1.6735 317.6 209.8 96.0
52 11 -0431 Mar 05 00:23:38 15946 -30066 T+ -p 0.1532 2.5538 1.5995 316.8 208.9 93.7
53 12 -0413 Mar 16 08:23:00 15659 -29843 T+ -p 0.1998 2.4672 1.5152 315.7 207.4 90.1
54 13 -0395 Mar 26 16:14:14 15379 -29620 T+ -p 0.2533 2.3680 1.4178 314.2 205.1 84.4
55 14 -0377 Apr 06 23:57:38 15105 -29397 T -p 0.3132 2.2574 1.3087 312.1 201.9 75.5
56 15 -0359 Apr 17 07:34:51 14839 -29174 T -a 0.3780 2.1380 1.1902 309.3 197.3 61.7
57 16 -0341 Apr 28 15:06:33 14578 -28951 T -a 0.4470 2.0111 1.0637 305.7 191.4 37.2
58 17 -0323 May 08 22:33:43 14324 -28728 P -a 0.5195 1.8783 0.9306 301.3 183.6 -
59 18 -0305 May 20 05:56:59 14075 -28505 P -a 0.5948 1.7405 0.7919 295.8 173.8 -
60 19 -0287 May 30 13:18:35 13832 -28282 P -a 0.6710 1.6016 0.6515 289.4 161.6 -
61 20 -0269 Jun 10 20:39:26 13594 -28059 P -a 0.7469 1.4634 0.5110 282.0 146.6 -
62 21 -0251 Jun 21 03:59:44 13361 -27836 P -a 0.8227 1.3258 0.3705 273.6 127.8 -
63 22 -0233 Jul 02 11:22:06 13132 -27613 P -a 0.8961 1.1928 0.2340 264.3 103.8 -
64 23 -0215 Jul 12 18:47:07 12909 -27390 P -a 0.9665 1.0657 0.1028 254.2 70.2 -
65 24 -0197 Jul 24 02:16:48 12689 -27167 N -a 1.0324 0.9471 -0.0204 243.5 - -
66 25 -0179 Aug 03 09:50:23 12474 -26944 N -a 1.0944 0.8361 -0.1366 232.4 - -
67 26 -0161 Aug 14 17:31:05 12263 -26721 N -a 1.1495 0.7376 -0.2405 221.3 - -
68 27 -0143 Aug 25 01:17:57 12056 -26498 N -a 1.1990 0.6497 -0.3342 210.4 - -
69 28 -0125 Sep 05 09:12:19 11852 -26275 N -a 1.2417 0.5742 -0.4155 200.1 - -
70 29 -0107 Sep 15 17:13:18 11652 -26052 N -a 1.2784 0.5101 -0.4856 190.5 - -
71 30 -0089 Sep 27 01:22:14 11455 -25829 N -a 1.3079 0.4589 -0.5427 182.4 - -
72 31 -0071 Oct 07 09:37:53 11262 -25606 N -a 1.3311 0.4193 -0.5881 175.7 - -
73 32 -0053 Oct 18 17:58:59 11071 -25383 N -a 1.3493 0.3886 -0.6242 170.3 - -
74 33 -0035 Oct 29 02:26:14 10883 -25160 N -a 1.3618 0.3681 -0.6498 166.7 - -
75 34 -0017 Nov 09 10:57:12 10698 -24937 N -a 1.3711 0.3534 -0.6690 164.2 - -
76 35 0001 Nov 19 19:31:30 10515 -24714 N -a 1.3768 0.3449 -0.6815 163.0 - -
77 36 0019 Dec 01 04:05:20 10334 -24491 N -a 1.3824 0.3363 -0.6935 161.7 - -
78 37 0037 Dec 11 12:39:56 10156 -24268 N -a 1.3868 0.3298 -0.7029 160.8 - -
79 38 0055 Dec 22 21:11:25 9979 -24045 N -a 1.3935 0.3186 -0.7163 158.7 - -
80 39 0074 Jan 02 05:39:16 9803 -23822 N -a 1.4024 0.3032 -0.7334 155.6 - -
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
81 40 0092 Jan 13 14:00:41 9629 -23599 N -a 1.4160 0.2787 -0.7591 150.0 - -
82 41 0110 Jan 23 22:15:49 9456 -23376 N -a 1.4340 0.2460 -0.7925 141.8 - -
83 42 0128 Feb 04 06:22:08 9284 -23153 N -a 1.4585 0.2013 -0.8376 129.2 - -
84 43 0146 Feb 14 14:19:19 9112 -22930 N -a 1.4897 0.1442 -0.8948 110.3 - -
85 44 0164 Feb 25 22:06:19 8941 -22707 N -h 1.5282 0.0736 -0.9655 79.5 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
