The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 65 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -0736 Aug 11. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0797 Feb 16. The total duration of Saros series 65 is 1532.56 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0736 Aug 11 05:48:53 TD
Last Eclipse = 0797 Feb 16 03:29:04 TD
Duration of Saros 65 = 1532.56 Years
Saros 65 is composed of 86 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 65 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 86 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 46 | 53.5% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 17.4% |
| Total | T | 25 | 29.1% |
The 86 lunar eclipses in Saros 65 occur in the order of 24N 7P 25T 8P 22N which corresponds to:
24 Penumbral
7 Partial
25 Total
8 Partial
22 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 65 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0051 Sep 26 Duration = 01h45m28s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0177 Jul 13 Duration = 00h52m10s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0274 Apr 08 Duration = 03h27m04s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0400 Jun 22 Duration = 00h31m34s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0321 Apr 17 Duration = 04h31m27s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0797 Feb 16 Duration = 00h38m30s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 65 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0274 Apr 08 Magnitude = 0.9993
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0400 Jun 22 Magnitude = 0.0177
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 65 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -38 -0736 Aug 11 05:48:53 20782 -33833 Nb a- -1.5394 0.0260 -0.9596 44.8 - -
02 -37 -0718 Aug 22 13:34:08 20490 -33610 N a- -1.4999 0.1015 -0.8901 88.3 - -
03 -36 -0700 Sep 01 21:26:18 20199 -33387 N a- -1.4664 0.1662 -0.8317 112.8 - -
04 -35 -0682 Sep 13 05:26:36 19911 -33164 N a- -1.4399 0.2179 -0.7861 129.2 - -
05 -34 -0664 Sep 23 13:34:19 19625 -32941 N a- -1.4202 0.2570 -0.7531 140.4 - -
06 -33 -0646 Oct 04 21:47:51 19340 -32718 N a- -1.4059 0.2862 -0.7298 148.4 - -
07 -32 -0628 Oct 15 06:08:23 19058 -32495 N a- -1.3980 0.3036 -0.7180 153.2 - -
08 -31 -0610 Oct 26 14:33:31 18778 -32272 N a- -1.3943 0.3129 -0.7138 156.1 - -
09 -30 -0592 Nov 05 23:02:56 18500 -32049 N a- -1.3949 0.3142 -0.7171 157.0 - -
10 -29 -0574 Nov 17 07:33:31 18224 -31826 N a- -1.3971 0.3121 -0.7231 157.1 - -
11 -28 -0556 Nov 27 16:05:44 17950 -31603 N a- -1.4014 0.3060 -0.7326 156.2 - -
12 -27 -0538 Dec 09 00:36:08 17678 -31380 N a- -1.4049 0.3010 -0.7403 155.6 - -
13 -26 -0520 Dec 19 09:03:50 17408 -31157 N h- -1.4070 0.2981 -0.7452 155.4 - -
14 -25 -0502 Dec 30 17:26:31 17141 -30934 N h- -1.4057 0.3013 -0.7436 156.7 - -
15 -24 -0483 Jan 10 01:43:36 16823 -30711 N h- -1.4005 0.3113 -0.7346 159.7 - -
16 -23 -0465 Jan 21 09:52:13 16512 -30488 N h- -1.3894 0.3320 -0.7145 165.1 - -
17 -22 -0447 Jan 31 17:52:27 16209 -30265 N t- -1.3721 0.3637 -0.6829 172.8 - -
18 -21 -0429 Feb 12 01:42:45 15915 -30042 N t- -1.3477 0.4086 -0.6380 183.0 - -
19 -20 -0411 Feb 22 09:23:50 15628 -29819 N t- -1.3162 0.4662 -0.5803 195.0 - -
20 -19 -0393 Mar 05 16:52:34 15349 -29596 N t- -1.2758 0.5404 -0.5059 209.1 - -
21 -18 -0375 Mar 16 00:12:15 15076 -29373 N t- -1.2287 0.6267 -0.4195 223.9 - -
22 -17 -0357 Mar 27 07:20:30 14810 -29150 N t- -1.1732 0.7286 -0.3176 239.8 - -
23 -16 -0339 Apr 06 14:21:18 14551 -28927 N t- -1.1119 0.8410 -0.2054 255.5 - -
24 -15 -0321 Apr 17 21:10:46 14297 -28704 N t- -1.0423 0.9690 -0.0780 271.4 - -
25 -14 -0303 Apr 28 03:55:20 14049 -28481 P t- -0.9692 1.1037 0.0557 286.4 56.7 -
26 -13 -0285 May 09 10:31:36 13806 -28258 P t- -0.8903 1.2492 0.1999 300.8 105.5 -
27 -12 -0267 May 19 17:04:41 13569 -28035 P t- -0.8091 1.3990 0.3481 314.0 136.5 -
28 -11 -0249 May 30 23:32:31 13336 -27812 P t- -0.7239 1.5564 0.5033 326.1 160.6 -
29 -10 -0231 Jun 10 06:00:41 13108 -27589 P t- -0.6394 1.7127 0.6570 336.7 179.4 -
30 -09 -0213 Jun 21 12:27:52 12885 -27366 P t- -0.5546 1.8698 0.8111 345.9 194.5 -
31 -08 -0195 Jul 01 18:56:57 12666 -27143 P t- -0.4717 2.0237 0.9616 353.7 206.5 -
32 -07 -0177 Jul 13 01:29:07 12451 -26920 T t- -0.3917 2.1723 1.1065 360.1 215.8 52.2
33 -06 -0159 Jul 23 08:06:45 12240 -26697 T tp -0.3167 2.3121 1.2423 365.2 222.7 75.2
34 -05 -0141 Aug 03 14:50:16 12033 -26474 T- pp -0.2464 2.4431 1.3691 369.3 227.8 88.5
35 -04 -0123 Aug 13 21:40:31 11830 -26251 T- pp -0.1821 2.5633 1.4850 372.3 231.3 96.8
36 -03 -0105 Aug 25 04:39:15 11631 -26028 T- pp -0.1251 2.6702 1.5874 374.5 233.6 101.6
37 -02 -0087 Sep 04 11:46:44 11434 -25805 T- pp -0.0756 2.7632 1.6761 376.1 234.8 104.2
38 -01 -0069 Sep 15 19:02:34 11241 -25582 T- pp -0.0332 2.8431 1.7519 377.2 235.4 105.3
39 00 -0051 Sep 26 02:27:51 11051 -25359 T+ pp 0.0014 2.9033 1.8083 377.9 235.5 105.5
40 01 -0033 Oct 07 10:01:57 10863 -25136 T+ pp 0.0288 2.8548 1.7563 378.3 235.4 105.1
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 02 -0015 Oct 17 17:44:37 10678 -24913 T+ pp 0.0489 2.8194 1.7181 378.6 235.1 104.5
42 03 0003 Oct 29 01:32:40 10496 -24690 T+ pp 0.0645 2.7919 1.6883 378.7 234.8 103.9
43 04 0021 Nov 08 09:27:47 10315 -24467 T+ pp 0.0745 2.7744 1.6692 378.8 234.6 103.5
44 05 0039 Nov 19 17:26:37 10137 -24244 T+ pp 0.0817 2.7615 1.6555 378.6 234.3 103.1
45 06 0057 Nov 30 01:28:26 9960 -24021 T+ pp 0.0867 2.7524 1.6464 378.4 234.1 102.8
46 07 0075 Dec 11 09:30:03 9784 -23798 T+ pp 0.0920 2.7421 1.6369 378.0 233.9 102.5
47 08 0093 Dec 21 17:31:38 9610 -23575 T+ pp 0.0978 2.7306 1.6271 377.4 233.6 102.2
48 09 0112 Jan 02 01:30:20 9437 -23352 T+ pp 0.1064 2.7137 1.6126 376.6 233.3 101.7
49 10 0130 Jan 12 09:24:15 9265 -23129 T+ pp 0.1193 2.6883 1.5905 375.6 232.8 101.0
50 11 0148 Jan 23 17:12:45 9094 -22906 T+ pp 0.1372 2.6536 1.5596 374.4 232.0 99.8
51 12 0166 Feb 03 00:54:18 8922 -22683 T+ pp 0.1612 2.6075 1.5178 372.8 231.0 97.9
52 13 0184 Feb 14 08:28:06 8751 -22460 T+ pp 0.1918 2.5487 1.4639 370.9 229.5 94.8
53 14 0202 Feb 24 15:53:20 8580 -22237 T+ pp 0.2301 2.4759 1.3963 368.4 227.3 90.1
54 15 0220 Mar 06 23:10:55 8409 -22014 T pp 0.2751 2.3906 1.3164 365.4 224.3 83.0
55 16 0238 Mar 18 06:20:14 8238 -21791 T -p 0.3274 2.2919 1.2232 361.6 220.1 72.1
56 17 0256 Mar 28 13:21:07 8066 -21568 T -t 0.3871 2.1796 1.1163 356.9 214.4 53.9
57 18 0274 Apr 08 20:15:43 7893 -21345 P -t 0.4523 2.0572 0.9993 351.2 207.1 -
58 19 0292 Apr 19 03:04:17 7720 -21122 P -t 0.5230 1.9249 0.8721 344.4 197.6 -
59 20 0310 Apr 30 09:49:20 7546 -20899 P -t 0.5974 1.7859 0.7380 336.3 185.6 -
60 21 0328 May 10 16:29:40 7371 -20676 P -t 0.6762 1.6391 0.5957 326.8 170.3 -
61 22 0346 May 21 23:10:10 7195 -20453 P -t 0.7555 1.4915 0.4522 316.0 151.3 -
62 23 0364 Jun 01 05:49:18 7018 -20230 P -t 0.8362 1.3415 0.3059 303.7 126.9 -
63 24 0382 Jun 12 12:30:29 6841 -20007 P -t 0.9160 1.1934 0.1611 290.1 93.7 -
64 25 0400 Jun 22 19:13:43 6663 -19784 P -t 0.9949 1.0474 0.0177 275.0 31.6 -
65 26 0418 Jul 04 02:02:17 6485 -19561 N -t 1.0700 0.9083 -0.1191 258.9 - -
66 27 0436 Jul 14 08:56:32 6306 -19338 N -t 1.1410 0.7773 -0.2485 241.8 - -
67 28 0454 Jul 25 15:56:55 6128 -19115 N -t 1.2076 0.6543 -0.3700 223.7 - -
68 29 0472 Aug 04 23:06:07 5951 -18892 N -t 1.2677 0.5436 -0.4798 205.4 - -
69 30 0490 Aug 16 06:23:31 5774 -18669 N -t 1.3217 0.4442 -0.5785 186.8 - -
70 31 0508 Aug 26 13:51:10 5597 -18446 N -h 1.3683 0.3585 -0.6639 168.6 - -
71 32 0526 Sep 06 21:27:13 5421 -18223 N -h 1.4087 0.2843 -0.7379 150.7 - -
72 33 0544 Sep 17 05:14:51 5245 -18000 N -h 1.4406 0.2256 -0.7965 134.5 - -
73 34 0562 Sep 28 13:11:14 5071 -17777 N -a 1.4663 0.1785 -0.8435 119.8 - -
74 35 0580 Oct 08 21:17:59 4898 -17554 N -a 1.4847 0.1446 -0.8771 107.8 - -
75 36 0598 Oct 20 05:32:42 4727 -17331 N -a 1.4976 0.1206 -0.9006 98.3 - -
76 37 0616 Oct 30 13:56:41 4557 -17108 N -a 1.5043 0.1080 -0.9124 92.8 - -
77 38 0634 Nov 10 22:26:12 4388 -16885 N -a 1.5072 0.1020 -0.9171 90.0 - -
78 39 0652 Nov 21 07:01:04 4221 -16662 N -a 1.5069 0.1017 -0.9158 89.6 - -
79 40 0670 Dec 02 15:39:13 4055 -16439 N -a 1.5049 0.1043 -0.9109 90.4 - -
80 41 0688 Dec 13 00:20:13 3892 -16216 N -a 1.5017 0.1087 -0.9038 91.9 - -
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
81 42 0706 Dec 24 08:59:57 3731 -15993 N -a 1.5002 0.1097 -0.8994 92.1 - -
82 43 0725 Jan 03 17:38:46 3571 -15770 N -a 1.5002 0.1079 -0.8975 91.0 - -
83 44 0743 Jan 15 02:13:37 3415 -15547 N -a 1.5041 0.0986 -0.9024 86.8 - -
84 45 0761 Jan 25 10:45:27 3261 -15324 N -a 1.5111 0.0834 -0.9129 79.6 - -
85 46 0779 Feb 05 19:09:30 3110 -15101 N -a 1.5249 0.0555 -0.9359 64.9 - -
86 47 0797 Feb 16 03:29:04 2962 -14878 Ne -a 1.5430 0.0196 -0.9666 38.5 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
