The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 84 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -0096 Sep 13. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1401 Feb 28. The total duration of Saros series 84 is 1496.50 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0096 Sep 13 16:42:16 TD
Last Eclipse = 1401 Feb 28 15:45:52 TD
Duration of Saros 84 = 1496.50 Years
Saros 84 is composed of 84 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 84 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 84 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 42 | 50.0% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 16.7% |
| Total | T | 28 | 33.3% |
The 84 lunar eclipses in Saros 84 occur in the order of 21N 6P 28T 8P 21N which corresponds to:
21 Penumbral
6 Partial
28 Total
8 Partial
21 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 84 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0499 Sep 05 Duration = 01h43m14s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0878 Apr 20 Duration = 00h32m47s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0373 Jun 21 Duration = 03h18m32s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1022 Jul 16 Duration = 00h42m11s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0265 Apr 18 Duration = 04h43m15s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0096 Sep 13 Duration = 00h47m12s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 84 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0896 May 01 Magnitude = 0.9342
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1022 Jul 16 Magnitude = 0.0374
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 84 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -34 -0096 Sep 13 16:42:16 11532 -25916 Nb t- 1.5681 0.0231 -1.0613 47.2 - -
02 -33 -0078 Sep 25 00:09:28 11337 -25693 N t- 1.5356 0.0852 -1.0041 90.3 - -
03 -32 -0060 Oct 05 07:45:02 11145 -25470 N t- 1.5099 0.1346 -0.9592 113.2 - -
04 -31 -0042 Oct 16 15:27:47 10956 -25247 N t- 1.4899 0.1734 -0.9243 128.3 - -
05 -30 -0024 Oct 26 23:17:15 10770 -25024 N t- 1.4753 0.2019 -0.8992 138.4 - -
06 -29 -0006 Nov 07 07:11:56 10586 -24801 N t- 1.4648 0.2225 -0.8812 145.2 - -
07 -28 0012 Nov 17 15:11:20 10405 -24578 N t- 1.4580 0.2359 -0.8697 149.5 - -
08 -27 0030 Nov 28 23:11:31 10225 -24355 N t- 1.4521 0.2472 -0.8594 153.0 - -
09 -26 0048 Dec 09 07:13:58 10048 -24132 N t- 1.4478 0.2553 -0.8516 155.4 - -
10 -25 0066 Dec 20 15:13:55 9871 -23909 N t- 1.4417 0.2660 -0.8402 158.5 - -
11 -24 0084 Dec 30 23:12:01 9697 -23686 N t- 1.4338 0.2799 -0.8249 162.3 - -
12 -23 0103 Jan 11 07:03:37 9523 -23463 N t- 1.4206 0.3031 -0.7996 168.4 - -
13 -22 0121 Jan 21 14:51:16 9351 -23240 N t- 1.4040 0.3321 -0.7678 175.7 - -
14 -21 0139 Feb 01 22:30:28 9179 -23017 N t- 1.3808 0.3729 -0.7236 185.2 - -
15 -20 0157 Feb 12 06:02:07 9008 -22794 N t- 1.3510 0.4256 -0.6670 196.6 - -
16 -19 0175 Feb 23 13:24:09 8837 -22571 N t- 1.3133 0.4927 -0.5957 209.8 - -
17 -18 0193 Mar 05 20:38:25 8666 -22348 N t- 1.2688 0.5721 -0.5118 224.0 - -
18 -17 0211 Mar 17 03:43:20 8495 -22125 N t- 1.2164 0.6660 -0.4133 238.9 - -
19 -16 0229 Mar 27 10:40:07 8323 -21902 N t- 1.1570 0.7727 -0.3020 254.0 - -
20 -15 0247 Apr 07 17:29:14 8152 -21679 N t- 1.0906 0.8921 -0.1780 269.0 - -
21 -14 0265 Apr 18 00:12:24 7979 -21456 Nx t- 1.0186 1.0221 -0.0437 283.2 - -
22 -13 0283 Apr 29 06:49:36 7806 -21233 P t- 0.9408 1.1627 0.1011 296.7 76.8 -
23 -12 0301 May 09 13:23:23 7633 -21010 P t- 0.8594 1.3102 0.2524 309.0 118.5 -
24 -11 0319 May 20 19:54:21 7458 -20787 P t- 0.7744 1.4643 0.4100 320.0 147.1 -
25 -10 0337 May 31 02:25:45 7283 -20564 P t- 0.6889 1.6198 0.5685 329.3 168.6 -
26 -09 0355 Jun 11 08:56:17 7106 -20341 P t- 0.6013 1.7792 0.7305 337.4 185.6 -
27 -08 0373 Jun 21 15:31:05 6930 -20118 P t- 0.5162 1.9343 0.8878 343.7 198.5 -
28 -07 0391 Jul 02 22:08:30 6752 -19895 T t- 0.4318 2.0883 1.0435 348.8 208.6 33.5
29 -06 0409 Jul 13 04:53:15 6574 -19672 T t- 0.3525 2.2330 1.1896 352.3 215.8 66.6
30 -05 0427 Jul 24 11:42:43 6395 -19449 T t- 0.2761 2.3729 1.3303 354.8 221.0 83.4
31 -04 0445 Aug 03 18:41:53 6217 -19226 T+ p- 0.2065 2.5002 1.4583 356.1 224.3 93.2
32 -03 0463 Aug 15 01:48:36 6039 -19003 T+ pp 0.1421 2.6183 1.5767 356.7 226.3 99.0
33 -02 0481 Aug 25 09:05:22 5862 -18780 T+ pp 0.0851 2.7227 1.6812 356.5 227.1 102.0
34 -01 0499 Sep 05 16:31:35 5686 -18557 T+ pp 0.0350 2.8146 1.7731 355.8 227.0 103.2
35 00 0517 Sep 16 00:08:53 5508 -18334 T- pp -0.0065 2.8670 1.8254 354.8 226.5 103.2
36 01 0535 Sep 27 07:56:26 5332 -18111 T- pp -0.0406 2.8044 1.7627 353.6 225.6 102.5
37 02 0553 Oct 07 15:53:05 5158 -17888 T- pp -0.0681 2.7538 1.7124 352.3 224.6 101.4
38 03 0571 Oct 18 23:59:27 4984 -17665 T- pp -0.0884 2.7164 1.6754 351.0 223.5 100.4
39 04 0589 Oct 29 08:13:54 4812 -17442 T- pp -0.1026 2.6901 1.6498 349.6 222.6 99.4
40 05 0607 Nov 09 16:35:38 4641 -17219 T- pp -0.1117 2.6726 1.6336 348.3 221.7 98.7
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 06 0625 Nov 20 01:02:11 4472 -16996 T- pp -0.1175 2.6611 1.6238 347.0 221.0 98.1
42 07 0643 Dec 01 09:33:27 4304 -16773 T- pp -0.1204 2.6548 1.6198 345.7 220.3 97.8
43 08 0661 Dec 11 18:06:47 4138 -16550 T- pp -0.1221 2.6501 1.6180 344.3 219.7 97.6
44 09 0679 Dec 23 02:40:26 3973 -16327 T- pp -0.1243 2.6443 1.6158 342.9 219.1 97.3
45 10 0698 Jan 02 11:12:53 3811 -16104 T- pp -0.1281 2.6353 1.6108 341.4 218.5 97.0
46 11 0716 Jan 13 19:42:46 3650 -15881 T- pp -0.1345 2.6211 1.6013 339.8 217.9 96.5
47 12 0734 Jan 24 04:07:54 3492 -15658 T- pp -0.1456 2.5982 1.5835 338.1 217.1 95.7
48 13 0752 Feb 04 12:27:31 3337 -15435 T- pp -0.1619 2.5656 1.5563 336.2 216.1 94.5
49 14 0770 Feb 14 20:40:58 3185 -15212 T- -p -0.1839 2.5223 1.5188 334.1 214.8 92.6
50 15 0788 Feb 26 04:48:17 3035 -14989 T- -p -0.2114 2.4689 1.4712 331.8 213.2 89.9
51 16 0806 Mar 08 12:46:53 2889 -14766 T- -p -0.2470 2.4005 1.4089 329.2 211.0 85.7
52 17 0824 Mar 18 20:39:25 2746 -14543 T -p -0.2883 2.3219 1.3360 326.1 208.2 79.7
53 18 0842 Mar 30 04:24:21 2606 -14320 T -p -0.3367 2.2301 1.2500 322.5 204.5 70.7
54 19 0860 Apr 09 12:04:18 2471 -14097 T -p -0.3899 2.1298 1.1552 318.4 199.9 57.4
55 20 0878 Apr 20 19:36:55 2339 -13874 T -a -0.4498 2.0172 1.0476 313.5 193.8 32.8
56 21 0896 May 01 03:06:49 2211 -13651 P -a -0.5129 1.8992 0.9342 307.9 186.4 -
57 22 0914 May 12 10:31:56 2088 -13428 P -a -0.5808 1.7724 0.8115 301.3 177.0 -
58 23 0932 May 22 17:55:33 1969 -13205 P -a -0.6506 1.6426 0.6853 293.9 165.8 -
59 24 0950 Jun 03 01:16:29 1854 -12982 P -a -0.7231 1.5081 0.5536 285.4 151.8 -
60 25 0968 Jun 13 08:38:46 1744 -12759 P -a -0.7952 1.3748 0.4226 276.1 135.1 -
61 26 0986 Jun 24 16:01:32 1639 -12536 P -a -0.8673 1.2416 0.2910 265.8 114.0 -
62 27 1004 Jul 04 23:26:40 1538 -12313 P -a -0.9379 1.1116 0.1619 254.6 86.5 -
63 28 1022 Jul 16 06:55:23 1441 -12090 P -a -1.0059 0.9866 0.0374 242.8 42.2 -
64 29 1040 Jul 26 14:28:59 1350 -11867 N -a -1.0703 0.8686 -0.0809 230.3 - -
65 30 1058 Aug 06 22:08:18 1262 -11644 N -a -1.1301 0.7591 -0.1912 217.5 - -
66 31 1076 Aug 17 05:53:26 1180 -11421 N -a -1.1855 0.6583 -0.2933 204.4 - -
67 32 1094 Aug 28 13:46:15 1102 -11198 N -a -1.2350 0.5683 -0.3850 191.5 - -
68 33 1112 Sep 07 21:46:49 1028 -10975 N -a -1.2786 0.4893 -0.4660 179.0 - -
69 34 1130 Sep 19 05:54:50 959 -10752 N -a -1.3164 0.4211 -0.5364 167.1 - -
70 35 1148 Sep 29 14:11:31 893 -10529 N -a -1.3475 0.3652 -0.5947 156.4 - -
71 36 1166 Oct 10 22:35:56 832 -10306 N -a -1.3726 0.3203 -0.6420 147.1 - -
72 37 1184 Oct 21 07:08:36 775 -10083 N -a -1.3915 0.2868 -0.6778 139.7 - -
73 38 1202 Nov 01 15:46:21 721 -9860 N -a -1.4068 0.2598 -0.7070 133.3 - -
74 39 1220 Nov 12 00:31:04 671 -9637 N -a -1.4166 0.2427 -0.7260 129.1 - -
75 40 1238 Nov 23 09:19:23 624 -9414 N -a -1.4237 0.2306 -0.7396 126.1 - -
76 41 1256 Dec 03 18:11:29 580 -9191 N -a -1.4280 0.2232 -0.7482 124.2 - -
77 42 1274 Dec 15 03:03:39 539 -8968 N -a -1.4323 0.2157 -0.7565 122.3 - -
78 43 1292 Dec 25 11:56:44 501 -8745 N -a -1.4360 0.2090 -0.7635 120.5 - -
79 44 1311 Jan 05 20:47:32 465 -8522 N -a -1.4416 0.1988 -0.7736 117.7 - -
80 45 1329 Jan 16 05:35:00 431 -8299 N -a -1.4497 0.1837 -0.7882 113.4 - -
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
81 46 1347 Jan 27 14:17:28 400 -8076 N -a -1.4618 0.1611 -0.8100 106.5 - -
82 47 1365 Feb 06 22:54:26 370 -7853 N -a -1.4782 0.1304 -0.8395 96.2 - -
83 48 1383 Feb 18 07:23:57 342 -7630 N -a -1.5005 0.0889 -0.8799 79.8 - -
84 49 1401 Feb 28 15:45:52 316 -7407 Ne -a -1.5288 0.0363 -0.9312 51.3 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
