The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 86 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -0074 Jul 13. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1224 Aug 30. The total duration of Saros series 86 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0074 Jul 13 23:31:40 TD
Last Eclipse = 1224 Aug 30 12:40:13 TD
Duration of Saros 86 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 86 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 86 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 32 | 43.8% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 21.9% |
| Total | T | 25 | 34.2% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 86 occur in the order of 24N 8P 25T 8P 8N which corresponds to:
24 Penumbral
8 Partial
25 Total
8 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 86 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0611 Aug 29 Duration = 01h44m53s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0936 Mar 11 Duration = 00h36m27s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0954 Mar 22 Duration = 03h27m44s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1080 Jun 05 Duration = 00h28m18s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1098 Jun 16 Duration = 04h31m22s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0074 Jul 13 Duration = 00h31m17s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 86 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0954 Mar 22 Magnitude = 0.9564
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1080 Jun 05 Magnitude = 0.0133
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 86 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -38 -0074 Jul 13 23:31:40 11296 -25646 Nb a- 1.5358 0.0136 -0.9345 31.3 - -
02 -37 -0056 Jul 24 07:06:57 11105 -25423 N a- 1.4760 0.1250 -0.8264 94.0 - -
03 -36 -0038 Aug 04 14:47:55 10917 -25200 N a- 1.4211 0.2278 -0.7276 126.0 - -
04 -35 -0020 Aug 14 22:34:46 10731 -24977 N a- 1.3713 0.3213 -0.6384 148.7 - -
05 -34 -0002 Aug 26 06:29:14 10548 -24754 N a- 1.3280 0.4031 -0.5612 165.7 - -
06 -33 0016 Sep 05 14:29:41 10367 -24531 N a- 1.2900 0.4753 -0.4939 179.3 - -
07 -32 0034 Sep 16 22:38:50 10188 -24308 N a- 1.2595 0.5338 -0.4403 189.5 - -
08 -31 0052 Sep 27 06:54:24 10010 -24085 N a- 1.2345 0.5823 -0.3969 197.6 - -
09 -30 0070 Oct 08 15:17:47 9835 -23862 N a- 1.2164 0.6178 -0.3662 203.4 - -
10 -29 0088 Oct 18 23:46:51 9660 -23639 N a- 1.2034 0.6441 -0.3446 207.8 - -
11 -28 0106 Oct 30 08:22:39 9487 -23416 N a- 1.1964 0.6590 -0.3340 210.6 - -
12 -27 0124 Nov 09 17:01:56 9314 -23193 N a- 1.1928 0.6677 -0.3292 212.5 - -
13 -26 0142 Nov 21 01:44:36 9143 -22970 N a- 1.1925 0.6700 -0.3304 213.5 - -
14 -25 0160 Dec 01 10:28:20 8971 -22747 N a- 1.1937 0.6693 -0.3340 214.0 - -
15 -24 0178 Dec 12 19:12:35 8800 -22524 N a- 1.1964 0.6655 -0.3403 214.2 - -
16 -23 0196 Dec 23 03:53:36 8630 -22301 N a- 1.1971 0.6653 -0.3423 214.8 - -
17 -22 0215 Jan 03 12:31:27 8458 -22078 N a- 1.1960 0.6680 -0.3410 215.8 - -
18 -21 0233 Jan 13 21:03:10 8287 -21855 N a- 1.1909 0.6777 -0.3323 217.8 - -
19 -20 0251 Jan 25 05:29:35 8115 -21632 N a- 1.1825 0.6936 -0.3171 220.7 - -
20 -19 0269 Feb 04 13:46:02 7943 -21409 N a- 1.1670 0.7221 -0.2888 225.2 - -
21 -18 0287 Feb 15 21:55:26 7770 -21186 N a- 1.1467 0.7595 -0.2516 230.8 - -
22 -17 0305 Feb 26 05:53:39 7596 -20963 N a- 1.1180 0.8122 -0.1990 238.2 - -
23 -16 0323 Mar 09 13:43:57 7421 -20740 N h- 1.0838 0.8750 -0.1363 246.5 - -
24 -15 0341 Mar 19 21:22:21 7246 -20517 N h- 1.0408 0.9540 -0.0575 256.1 - -
25 -14 0359 Mar 31 04:53:11 7069 -20294 P h- 0.9923 1.0432 0.0312 266.2 40.8 -
26 -13 0377 Apr 10 12:13:33 6892 -20071 P t- 0.9360 1.1469 0.1341 277.0 83.6 -
27 -12 0395 Apr 21 19:26:17 6714 -19848 P t- 0.8742 1.2608 0.2470 287.9 112.1 -
28 -11 0413 May 02 02:30:17 6536 -19625 P t- 0.8058 1.3871 0.3717 298.8 135.4 -
29 -10 0431 May 13 09:29:00 6358 -19402 P t- 0.7338 1.5202 0.5028 309.2 154.9 -
30 -09 0449 May 23 16:21:54 6179 -19179 P t- 0.6578 1.6610 0.6411 319.0 171.6 -
31 -08 0467 Jun 03 23:10:33 6001 -18956 P t- 0.5792 1.8068 0.7839 328.1 185.9 -
32 -07 0485 Jun 14 05:56:53 5825 -18733 P t- 0.4992 1.9553 0.9289 336.3 197.9 -
33 -06 0503 Jun 25 12:42:21 5648 -18510 T t- 0.4191 2.1042 1.0738 343.4 207.8 42.8
34 -05 0521 Jul 05 19:28:10 5471 -18287 T p- 0.3402 2.2513 1.2164 349.5 215.6 70.1
35 -04 0539 Jul 17 02:15:12 5295 -18064 T+ pp 0.2631 2.3952 1.3554 354.6 221.7 85.7
36 -03 0557 Jul 27 09:06:13 5121 -17841 T+ pp 0.1900 2.5321 1.4871 358.7 226.1 95.3
37 -02 0575 Aug 07 16:01:52 4948 -17618 T+ pp 0.1212 2.6610 1.6104 362.0 229.1 101.1
38 -01 0593 Aug 17 23:02:30 4776 -17395 T+ pp 0.0572 2.7814 1.7251 364.5 230.9 104.1
39 00 0611 Aug 29 06:10:27 4605 -17172 T- pp -0.0001 2.8891 1.8269 366.3 231.7 104.9
40 01 0629 Sep 08 13:25:57 4436 -16949 T- pp -0.0505 2.7997 1.7317 367.7 231.8 104.2
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 02 0647 Sep 19 20:50:01 4269 -16726 T- pp -0.0935 2.7236 1.6499 368.7 231.4 102.5
42 03 0665 Sep 30 04:20:51 4103 -16503 T- pp -0.1304 2.6587 1.5795 369.5 230.7 100.2
43 04 0683 Oct 11 12:00:16 3939 -16280 T- pp -0.1597 2.6075 1.5231 370.2 230.0 97.7
44 05 0701 Oct 21 19:46:39 3777 -16057 T- pp -0.1828 2.5674 1.4783 370.8 229.3 95.4
45 06 0719 Nov 02 03:39:07 3617 -15834 T- pp -0.2003 2.5374 1.4442 371.4 228.7 93.3
46 07 0737 Nov 12 11:36:54 3459 -15611 T- -p -0.2130 2.5159 1.4191 372.0 228.3 91.6
47 08 0755 Nov 23 19:38:22 3305 -15388 T- -p -0.2222 2.5005 1.4010 372.5 228.0 90.4
48 09 0773 Dec 04 03:42:30 3153 -15165 T- -p -0.2288 2.4894 1.3879 373.0 227.8 89.4
49 10 0791 Dec 15 11:45:36 3004 -14942 T- -p -0.2357 2.4772 1.3746 373.3 227.7 88.4
50 11 0809 Dec 25 19:48:48 2858 -14719 T- -p -0.2422 2.4654 1.3624 373.5 227.5 87.5
51 12 0828 Jan 06 03:47:56 2716 -14496 T- -p -0.2513 2.4486 1.3460 373.4 227.1 86.1
52 13 0846 Jan 16 11:43:00 2577 -14273 T- -p -0.2638 2.4251 1.3237 373.0 226.5 84.1
53 14 0864 Jan 27 19:30:38 2443 -14050 T -p -0.2821 2.3906 1.2910 372.2 225.4 80.8
54 15 0882 Feb 07 03:12:24 2312 -13827 T -p -0.3049 2.3475 1.2502 371.1 223.9 76.2
55 16 0900 Feb 18 10:45:18 2185 -13604 T -p -0.3349 2.2910 1.1967 369.3 221.6 68.9
56 17 0918 Feb 28 18:09:14 2062 -13381 T -t -0.3721 2.2212 1.1301 366.9 218.3 57.4
57 18 0936 Mar 11 01:23:54 1944 -13158 T -t -0.4167 2.1375 1.0498 363.8 213.8 36.4
58 19 0954 Mar 22 08:29:52 1831 -12935 P -t -0.4686 2.0404 0.9564 359.6 207.7 -
59 20 0972 Apr 01 15:26:56 1721 -12712 P -t -0.5277 1.9302 0.8499 354.4 199.6 -
60 21 0990 Apr 12 22:15:53 1617 -12489 P -t -0.5933 1.8081 0.7313 347.8 189.0 -
61 22 1008 Apr 23 04:57:48 1517 -12266 P -t -0.6646 1.6754 0.6021 339.7 175.1 -
62 23 1026 May 04 11:34:12 1422 -12043 P -t -0.7406 1.5344 0.4643 330.1 157.1 -
63 24 1044 May 14 18:04:40 1331 -11820 P -t -0.8213 1.3848 0.3177 318.4 132.7 -
64 25 1062 May 26 00:32:48 1245 -11597 P -t -0.9039 1.2319 0.1674 304.9 98.4 -
65 26 1080 Jun 05 06:58:39 1163 -11374 P -t -0.9885 1.0755 0.0133 289.1 28.3 -
66 27 1098 Jun 16 13:25:58 1086 -11151 N -t -1.0720 0.9213 -0.1390 271.4 - -
67 28 1116 Jun 26 19:52:58 1013 -10928 N -t -1.1559 0.7667 -0.2921 250.9 - -
68 29 1134 Jul 08 02:25:23 944 -10705 N -t -1.2357 0.6196 -0.4382 228.3 - -
69 30 1152 Jul 18 09:01:03 880 -10482 N -t -1.3134 0.4768 -0.5803 202.6 - -
70 31 1170 Jul 29 15:44:25 820 -10259 N -t -1.3850 0.3451 -0.7115 174.1 - -
71 32 1188 Aug 08 22:33:11 763 -10036 N -t -1.4527 0.2210 -0.8357 140.5 - -
72 33 1206 Aug 20 05:32:45 710 -9813 N -t -1.5124 0.1115 -0.9453 100.6 - -
73 34 1224 Aug 30 12:40:13 660 -9590 Ne -t -1.5663 0.0127 -1.0445 34.1 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
