The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 89 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 0067 Jun 15. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1347 Jul 23. The total duration of Saros series 89 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0067 Jun 15 20:57:27 TD
Last Eclipse = 1347 Jul 23 02:19:29 TD
Duration of Saros 89 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 89 is composed of 72 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 89 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 19 | 26.4% |
| Partial | P | 38 | 52.8% |
| Total | T | 15 | 20.8% |
The 72 lunar eclipses in Saros 89 occur in the order of 11N 21P 15T 17P 8N which corresponds to:
11 Penumbral
21 Partial
15 Total
17 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 89 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0734 Jul 20 Duration = 01h45m17s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0896 Oct 25 Duration = 00h09m04s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0914 Nov 05 Duration = 03h27m56s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0265 Oct 12 Duration = 00h12m46s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1221 May 08 Duration = 04h44m41s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1347 Jul 23 Duration = 00h31m01s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 89 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0914 Nov 05 Magnitude = 0.9720
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0265 Oct 12 Magnitude = 0.0033
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 89 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 0067 Jun 15 20:57:27 9867 -23903 Nb a- -1.5189 0.0432 -0.9019 55.6 - -
02 -36 0085 Jun 26 04:21:20 9692 -23680 N a- -1.4500 0.1707 -0.7766 109.4 - -
03 -35 0103 Jul 07 11:49:00 9519 -23457 N a- -1.3844 0.2925 -0.6578 141.9 - -
04 -34 0121 Jul 17 19:19:08 9346 -23234 N a- -1.3213 0.4101 -0.5437 166.5 - -
05 -33 0139 Jul 29 02:54:05 9174 -23011 N a- -1.2626 0.5199 -0.4379 186.1 - -
06 -32 0157 Aug 08 10:34:05 9003 -22788 N a- -1.2082 0.6219 -0.3403 202.1 - -
07 -31 0175 Aug 19 18:21:01 8832 -22565 N a- -1.1601 0.7127 -0.2544 215.0 - -
08 -30 0193 Aug 30 02:14:16 8661 -22342 N a- -1.1176 0.7931 -0.1791 225.8 - -
09 -29 0211 Sep 10 10:14:18 8490 -22119 N a- -1.0814 0.8623 -0.1153 234.5 - -
10 -28 0229 Sep 20 18:21:52 8319 -21896 N a- -1.0522 0.9187 -0.0642 241.5 - -
11 -27 0247 Oct 02 02:36:48 8147 -21673 N a- -1.0295 0.9631 -0.0253 247.0 - -
12 -26 0265 Oct 12 10:58:04 7975 -21450 P a- -1.0125 0.9968 0.0033 251.3 12.8 -
13 -25 0283 Oct 23 19:26:01 7802 -21227 P a- -1.0017 1.0192 0.0207 254.5 32.2 -
14 -24 0301 Nov 03 03:58:53 7628 -21004 P a- -0.9953 1.0331 0.0301 256.7 38.9 -
15 -23 0319 Nov 14 12:36:16 7453 -20781 P a- -0.9934 1.0387 0.0315 258.2 39.9 -
16 -22 0337 Nov 24 21:14:46 7278 -20558 P a- -0.9930 1.0414 0.0306 259.4 39.4 -
17 -21 0355 Dec 06 05:55:51 7102 -20335 P a- -0.9951 1.0390 0.0251 260.0 35.8 -
18 -20 0373 Dec 16 14:35:11 6925 -20112 P a- -0.9961 1.0384 0.0220 260.8 33.6 -
19 -19 0391 Dec 27 23:13:03 6747 -19889 P a- -0.9968 1.0382 0.0198 261.7 32.0 -
20 -18 0410 Jan 07 07:45:13 6569 -19666 P a- -0.9934 1.0452 0.0254 263.2 36.3 -
21 -17 0428 Jan 18 16:13:16 6390 -19443 P a- -0.9874 1.0567 0.0359 265.2 43.2 -
22 -16 0446 Jan 29 00:33:14 6212 -19220 P a- -0.9752 1.0793 0.0578 268.2 54.8 -
23 -15 0464 Feb 09 08:45:14 6034 -18997 P a- -0.9576 1.1119 0.0900 272.1 68.4 -
24 -14 0482 Feb 19 16:47:26 5857 -18774 P a- -0.9326 1.1578 0.1357 277.2 83.7 -
25 -13 0500 Mar 02 00:40:27 5681 -18551 P h- -0.9011 1.2156 0.1934 283.2 99.4 -
26 -12 0518 Mar 13 08:23:11 5504 -18328 P h- -0.8620 1.2876 0.2652 290.1 115.5 -
27 -11 0536 Mar 23 15:55:39 5328 -18105 P t- -0.8153 1.3734 0.3508 297.7 131.7 -
28 -10 0554 Apr 03 23:18:17 5153 -17882 P t- -0.7612 1.4729 0.4498 305.8 147.3 -
29 -09 0572 Apr 14 06:32:05 4980 -17659 P t- -0.7009 1.5839 0.5601 314.1 162.1 -
30 -08 0590 Apr 25 13:36:38 4807 -17436 P t- -0.6336 1.7078 0.6829 322.4 176.1 -
31 -07 0608 May 05 20:34:34 4637 -17213 P t- -0.5617 1.8407 0.8142 330.3 188.6 -
32 -06 0626 May 17 03:25:41 4467 -16990 P t- -0.4850 1.9823 0.9539 337.8 199.8 -
33 -05 0644 May 27 10:13:17 4299 -16767 T t- -0.4060 2.1286 1.0977 344.5 209.3 48.9
34 -04 0662 Jun 07 16:55:29 4133 -16544 T pp -0.3234 2.2816 1.2478 350.5 217.2 74.3
35 -03 0680 Jun 17 23:37:13 3969 -16321 T- pp -0.2413 2.4340 1.3968 355.4 223.3 89.2
36 -02 0698 Jun 29 06:17:01 3806 -16098 T- pp -0.1585 2.5877 1.5467 359.3 227.7 98.6
37 -01 0716 Jul 09 12:59:00 3646 -15875 T- pp -0.0782 2.7372 1.6920 362.3 230.4 103.7
38 00 0734 Jul 20 19:41:42 3488 -15652 T+ pp 0.0006 2.8821 1.8322 364.3 231.6 105.3
39 01 0752 Jul 31 02:29:52 3333 -15429 T+ pp 0.0741 2.7497 1.6949 365.4 231.4 103.9
40 02 0770 Aug 11 09:22:06 3180 -15206 T+ pp 0.1431 2.6256 1.5655 365.8 230.1 99.9
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 0788 Aug 21 16:20:45 3031 -14983 T+ pp 0.2061 2.5127 1.4473 365.6 227.8 93.6
42 04 0806 Sep 01 23:26:04 2885 -14760 T+ -p 0.2630 2.4111 1.3402 365.0 224.9 85.3
43 05 0824 Sep 12 06:39:37 2742 -14537 T -p 0.3125 2.3230 1.2466 364.2 221.6 75.2
44 06 0842 Sep 23 14:01:24 2603 -14314 T -t 0.3546 2.2485 1.1669 363.3 218.3 63.7
45 07 0860 Oct 03 21:30:19 2467 -14091 T -t 0.3903 2.1855 1.0990 362.5 215.0 50.2
46 08 0878 Oct 15 05:08:15 2335 -13868 T -t 0.4180 2.1369 1.0457 361.8 212.2 34.7
47 09 0896 Oct 25 12:52:55 2208 -13645 T -t 0.4402 2.0984 1.0030 361.3 209.8 9.1
48 10 0914 Nov 05 20:44:43 2085 -13422 P -t 0.4561 2.0708 0.9720 361.0 207.9 -
49 11 0932 Nov 16 04:40:50 1966 -13199 P -t 0.4684 2.0498 0.9481 360.8 206.5 -
50 12 0950 Nov 27 12:41:45 1851 -12976 P -t 0.4766 2.0359 0.9321 360.8 205.5 -
51 13 0968 Dec 07 20:43:51 1741 -12753 P -t 0.4836 2.0237 0.9185 360.7 204.6 -
52 14 0986 Dec 19 04:46:27 1636 -12530 P -t 0.4900 2.0120 0.9064 360.4 203.9 -
53 15 1004 Dec 29 12:47:12 1535 -12307 P -t 0.4980 1.9973 0.8920 360.0 202.9 -
54 16 1023 Jan 09 20:45:36 1439 -12084 P -t 0.5079 1.9787 0.8744 359.1 201.6 -
55 17 1041 Jan 20 04:37:49 1347 -11861 P -t 0.5226 1.9507 0.8483 357.8 199.5 -
56 18 1059 Jan 31 12:24:30 1260 -11638 P -t 0.5417 1.9144 0.8144 355.8 196.7 -
57 19 1077 Feb 10 20:03:13 1178 -11415 P -t 0.5673 1.8658 0.7690 353.1 192.7 -
58 20 1095 Feb 22 03:35:10 1100 -11192 P -t 0.5987 1.8065 0.7131 349.6 187.3 -
59 21 1113 Mar 04 10:56:15 1026 -10969 P -t 0.6388 1.7309 0.6414 344.9 179.7 -
60 22 1131 Mar 15 18:10:31 957 -10746 P -t 0.6846 1.6449 0.5594 339.2 170.1 -
61 23 1149 Mar 26 01:14:23 892 -10523 P -t 0.7387 1.5435 0.4622 331.9 156.9 -
62 24 1167 Apr 06 08:12:22 830 -10300 P -t 0.7979 1.4327 0.3557 323.3 139.8 -
63 25 1185 Apr 16 15:00:13 773 -10077 P -t 0.8654 1.3067 0.2338 312.4 115.3 -
64 26 1203 Apr 27 21:44:13 719 -9854 P -t 0.9364 1.1745 0.1056 299.8 78.8 -
65 27 1221 May 08 04:20:55 669 -9631 Nx -t 1.0129 1.0322 -0.0330 284.7 - -
66 28 1239 May 19 10:55:10 622 -9408 N -t 1.0917 0.8859 -0.1758 267.1 - -
67 29 1257 May 29 17:25:28 579 -9185 N -t 1.1736 0.7340 -0.3247 246.2 - -
68 30 1275 Jun 09 23:56:24 538 -8962 N -t 1.2550 0.5833 -0.4726 222.1 - -
69 31 1293 Jun 20 06:27:25 500 -8739 N -t 1.3364 0.4329 -0.6208 193.6 - -
70 32 1311 Jul 01 13:00:36 464 -8516 N -t 1.4161 0.2856 -0.7662 159.0 - -
71 33 1329 Jul 11 19:37:15 430 -8293 N -t 1.4929 0.1439 -0.9065 114.0 - -
72 34 1347 Jul 23 02:19:29 399 -8070 Ne -t 1.5654 0.0105 -1.0388 31.0 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
