The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 93 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 0291 May 30. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1553 Jun 25. The total duration of Saros series 93 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0291 May 30 16:42:48 TD
Last Eclipse = 1553 Jun 25 20:29:09 TD
Duration of Saros 93 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 93 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 93 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 15 | 21.1% |
| Partial | P | 44 | 62.0% |
| Total | T | 12 | 16.9% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 93 occur in the order of 8N 20P 12T 24P 7N which corresponds to:
8 Penumbral
20 Partial
12 Total
24 Partial
7 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 93 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0904 Jun 01 Duration = 01h44m14s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0796 Mar 28 Duration = 00h37m31s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0778 Mar 17 Duration = 03h22m59s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1427 Apr 11 Duration = 00h29m40s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0417 Aug 13 Duration = 04h49m44s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0291 May 30 Duration = 01h05m42s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 93 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1012 Aug 04 Magnitude = 0.9806
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1427 Apr 11 Magnitude = 0.0184
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 93 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -34 0291 May 30 16:42:48 7729 -21133 Nb t- -1.5493 0.0457 -1.0149 65.7 - -
02 -33 0309 Jun 09 23:06:16 7554 -20910 N t- -1.4661 0.1991 -0.8632 135.6 - -
03 -32 0327 Jun 21 05:30:30 7380 -20687 N t- -1.3836 0.3516 -0.7128 178.0 - -
04 -31 0345 Jul 01 11:55:58 7204 -20464 N t- -1.3016 0.5033 -0.5635 210.4 - -
05 -30 0363 Jul 12 18:24:05 7027 -20241 N t- -1.2215 0.6517 -0.4180 236.5 - -
06 -29 0381 Jul 23 00:56:52 6850 -20018 N t- -1.1451 0.7935 -0.2792 257.7 - -
07 -28 0399 Aug 03 07:35:32 6672 -19795 N t- -1.0732 0.9271 -0.1490 275.2 - -
08 -27 0417 Aug 13 14:21:02 6494 -19572 Nx t- -1.0065 1.0513 -0.0283 289.7 - -
09 -26 0435 Aug 24 21:14:38 6315 -19349 P t- -0.9461 1.1639 0.0808 301.6 69.6 -
10 -25 0453 Sep 04 04:17:10 6137 -19126 P t- -0.8927 1.2637 0.1770 311.2 101.6 -
11 -24 0471 Sep 15 11:29:32 5959 -18903 P t- -0.8472 1.3489 0.2588 318.8 121.4 -
12 -23 0489 Sep 25 18:49:56 5783 -18680 P t- -0.8081 1.4222 0.3290 324.8 135.4 -
13 -22 0507 Oct 07 02:20:32 5606 -18457 P t- -0.7769 1.4809 0.3847 329.4 145.1 -
14 -21 0525 Oct 17 09:59:06 5429 -18234 P t- -0.7519 1.5280 0.4294 332.8 152.2 -
15 -20 0543 Oct 28 17:46:25 5254 -18011 P t- -0.7338 1.5620 0.4616 335.1 156.9 -
16 -19 0561 Nov 08 01:38:42 5080 -17788 P t- -0.7195 1.5890 0.4873 336.7 160.4 -
17 -18 0579 Nov 19 09:37:50 4907 -17565 P t- -0.7103 1.6061 0.5039 337.6 162.5 -
18 -17 0597 Nov 29 17:39:59 4735 -17342 P t- -0.7030 1.6194 0.5175 338.1 164.2 -
19 -16 0615 Dec 11 01:44:34 4565 -17119 P t- -0.6971 1.6296 0.5288 338.3 165.5 -
20 -15 0633 Dec 21 09:48:43 4396 -16896 P t- -0.6904 1.6410 0.5420 338.4 166.9 -
21 -14 0652 Jan 01 17:51:58 4229 -16673 P t- -0.6823 1.6545 0.5582 338.5 168.7 -
22 -13 0670 Jan 12 01:51:41 4064 -16450 P t- -0.6708 1.6740 0.5810 338.9 171.3 -
23 -12 0688 Jan 23 09:46:28 3900 -16227 P t- -0.6545 1.7018 0.6130 339.6 174.7 -
24 -11 0706 Feb 02 17:35:35 3738 -16004 P t- -0.6328 1.7392 0.6550 340.7 179.0 -
25 -10 0724 Feb 14 01:18:04 3579 -15781 P t- -0.6051 1.7875 0.7084 342.1 184.1 -
26 -09 0742 Feb 24 08:51:59 3422 -15558 P t- -0.5698 1.8496 0.7760 344.1 190.1 -
27 -08 0760 Mar 06 16:18:27 3268 -15335 P t- -0.5277 1.9239 0.8560 346.2 196.5 -
28 -07 0778 Mar 17 23:36:51 3117 -15112 P t- -0.4782 2.0117 0.9498 348.6 203.0 -
29 -06 0796 Mar 28 06:48:48 2969 -14889 T t- -0.4225 2.1110 1.0550 350.9 209.2 37.5
30 -05 0814 Apr 08 13:52:16 2824 -14666 T t- -0.3589 2.2246 1.1745 353.0 215.1 64.2
31 -04 0832 Apr 18 20:51:19 2683 -14443 T t- -0.2910 2.3464 1.3019 354.6 220.1 80.6
32 -03 0850 Apr 30 03:44:32 2545 -14220 T- pp -0.2175 2.4786 1.4394 355.7 224.0 92.1
33 -02 0868 May 10 10:35:28 2411 -13997 T- pp -0.1411 2.6163 1.5822 356.1 226.7 99.5
34 -01 0886 May 21 17:22:29 2281 -13774 T- pp -0.0603 2.7622 1.7327 355.6 227.9 103.6
35 00 0904 Jun 01 00:10:31 2155 -13551 T+ pp 0.0207 2.8327 1.8073 354.2 227.7 104.2
36 01 0922 Jun 12 06:58:18 2034 -13328 T+ pp 0.1026 2.6807 1.6589 351.9 225.9 101.5
37 02 0940 Jun 22 13:48:38 1917 -13105 T+ pp 0.1834 2.5307 1.5122 348.7 222.6 95.4
38 03 0958 Jul 03 20:42:11 1804 -12882 T+ pp 0.2625 2.3844 1.3684 344.6 217.9 85.5
39 04 0976 Jul 14 03:41:09 1696 -12659 T -p 0.3379 2.2450 1.2312 339.9 212.0 70.9
40 05 0994 Jul 25 10:46:43 1593 -12436 T -t 0.4086 2.1143 1.1021 334.7 205.1 49.0
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 06 1012 Aug 04 17:58:16 1494 -12213 P -t 0.4752 1.9914 0.9806 329.1 197.2 -
42 07 1030 Aug 16 01:18:59 1400 -11990 P -h 0.5349 1.8815 0.8715 323.4 189.0 -
43 08 1048 Aug 26 08:47:40 1310 -11767 P -a 0.5886 1.7827 0.7732 317.7 180.5 -
44 09 1066 Sep 06 16:26:32 1225 -11544 P -a 0.6349 1.6977 0.6885 312.3 172.2 -
45 10 1084 Sep 17 00:14:00 1144 -11321 P -a 0.6746 1.6246 0.6155 307.3 164.2 -
46 11 1102 Sep 28 08:12:27 1068 -11098 P -a 0.7063 1.5664 0.5575 302.9 157.3 -
47 12 1120 Oct 08 16:19:42 996 -10875 P -a 0.7314 1.5204 0.5115 299.1 151.3 -
48 13 1138 Oct 20 00:35:55 929 -10652 P -a 0.7500 1.4861 0.4775 296.0 146.5 -
49 14 1156 Oct 30 08:59:49 865 -10429 P -a 0.7631 1.4617 0.4537 293.6 142.9 -
50 15 1174 Nov 10 17:31:32 806 -10206 P -a 0.7709 1.4471 0.4398 291.7 140.6 -
51 16 1192 Nov 21 02:08:07 750 -9983 P -a 0.7752 1.4385 0.4325 290.3 139.3 -
52 17 1210 Dec 02 10:48:53 698 -9760 P -a 0.7770 1.4344 0.4301 289.2 138.6 -
53 18 1228 Dec 12 19:31:51 649 -9537 P -a 0.7777 1.4319 0.4299 288.1 138.2 -
54 19 1246 Dec 24 04:16:48 604 -9314 P -a 0.7778 1.4305 0.4311 287.1 138.1 -
55 20 1265 Jan 03 12:59:20 561 -9091 P -a 0.7803 1.4241 0.4280 285.8 137.3 -
56 21 1283 Jan 14 21:40:31 521 -8868 P -a 0.7846 1.4145 0.4220 284.3 136.2 -
57 22 1301 Jan 25 06:16:32 484 -8645 P -a 0.7937 1.3956 0.4072 282.1 133.8 -
58 23 1319 Feb 05 14:49:06 449 -8422 P -a 0.8062 1.3706 0.3866 279.5 130.5 -
59 24 1337 Feb 15 23:13:25 417 -8199 P -a 0.8261 1.3317 0.3523 275.9 125.0 -
60 25 1355 Feb 27 07:33:13 386 -7976 P -a 0.8503 1.2849 0.3103 271.6 117.8 -
61 26 1373 Mar 09 15:44:12 358 -7753 P -a 0.8822 1.2240 0.2542 266.1 107.3 -
62 27 1391 Mar 20 23:49:01 330 -7530 P -a 0.9197 1.1528 0.1878 259.6 92.9 -
63 28 1409 Mar 31 07:45:13 305 -7307 P -a 0.9647 1.0679 0.1074 251.5 71.0 -
64 29 1427 Apr 11 15:36:23 281 -7084 P -a 1.0144 0.9746 0.0184 242.1 29.7 -
65 30 1445 Apr 21 23:20:33 258 -6861 N -a 1.0703 0.8700 -0.0823 230.7 - -
66 31 1463 May 03 06:59:35 236 -6638 N -a 1.1308 0.7572 -0.1917 217.3 - -
67 32 1481 May 13 14:33:56 215 -6415 N -a 1.1952 0.6376 -0.3085 201.5 - -
68 33 1499 May 24 22:05:32 196 -6192 N -a 1.2621 0.5136 -0.4301 182.8 - -
69 34 1517 Jun 04 05:34:12 178 -5969 N -a 1.3316 0.3854 -0.5567 160.1 - -
70 35 1535 Jun 15 13:01:28 162 -5746 N -a 1.4023 0.2550 -0.6860 131.7 - -
71 36 1553 Jun 25 20:29:09 147 -5523 N -a 1.4726 0.1258 -0.8148 93.6 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
