Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 93

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 93 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 0291 May 30. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1553 Jun 25. The total duration of Saros series 93 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  0291 May 30   16:42:48 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  1553 Jun 25   20:29:09 TD

                      Duration of Saros  93  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 93 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 93
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 15 21.1%
PartialP 44 62.0%
TotalT 12 16.9%

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 93 occur in the order of 8N 20P 12T 24P 7N which corresponds to:

                                     8  Penumbral
                                    20  Partial
                                    12  Total
                                    24  Partial
                                     7  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 93 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    0904 Jun 01      Duration = 01h44m14s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    0796 Mar 28      Duration = 00h37m31s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0778 Mar 17      Duration = 03h22m59s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1427 Apr 11      Duration = 00h29m40s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    0417 Aug 13      Duration = 04h49m44s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    0291 May 30      Duration = 01h05m42s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 93 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1012 Aug 04      Magnitude = 0.9806
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1427 Apr 11      Magnitude = 0.0184

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 93 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 93

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -34   0291 May 30  16:42:48   7729 -21133   Nb  t-  -1.5493  0.0457 -1.0149   65.7    -      -  
 02  -33   0309 Jun 09  23:06:16   7554 -20910   N   t-  -1.4661  0.1991 -0.8632  135.6    -      -  
 03  -32   0327 Jun 21  05:30:30   7380 -20687   N   t-  -1.3836  0.3516 -0.7128  178.0    -      -  
 04  -31   0345 Jul 01  11:55:58   7204 -20464   N   t-  -1.3016  0.5033 -0.5635  210.4    -      -  
 05  -30   0363 Jul 12  18:24:05   7027 -20241   N   t-  -1.2215  0.6517 -0.4180  236.5    -      -  
 06  -29   0381 Jul 23  00:56:52   6850 -20018   N   t-  -1.1451  0.7935 -0.2792  257.7    -      -  
 07  -28   0399 Aug 03  07:35:32   6672 -19795   N   t-  -1.0732  0.9271 -0.1490  275.2    -      -  
 08  -27   0417 Aug 13  14:21:02   6494 -19572   Nx  t-  -1.0065  1.0513 -0.0283  289.7    -      -  
 09  -26   0435 Aug 24  21:14:38   6315 -19349   P   t-  -0.9461  1.1639  0.0808  301.6   69.6    -  
 10  -25   0453 Sep 04  04:17:10   6137 -19126   P   t-  -0.8927  1.2637  0.1770  311.2  101.6    -  

 11  -24   0471 Sep 15  11:29:32   5959 -18903   P   t-  -0.8472  1.3489  0.2588  318.8  121.4    -  
 12  -23   0489 Sep 25  18:49:56   5783 -18680   P   t-  -0.8081  1.4222  0.3290  324.8  135.4    -  
 13  -22   0507 Oct 07  02:20:32   5606 -18457   P   t-  -0.7769  1.4809  0.3847  329.4  145.1    -  
 14  -21   0525 Oct 17  09:59:06   5429 -18234   P   t-  -0.7519  1.5280  0.4294  332.8  152.2    -  
 15  -20   0543 Oct 28  17:46:25   5254 -18011   P   t-  -0.7338  1.5620  0.4616  335.1  156.9    -  
 16  -19   0561 Nov 08  01:38:42   5080 -17788   P   t-  -0.7195  1.5890  0.4873  336.7  160.4    -  
 17  -18   0579 Nov 19  09:37:50   4907 -17565   P   t-  -0.7103  1.6061  0.5039  337.6  162.5    -  
 18  -17   0597 Nov 29  17:39:59   4735 -17342   P   t-  -0.7030  1.6194  0.5175  338.1  164.2    -  
 19  -16   0615 Dec 11  01:44:34   4565 -17119   P   t-  -0.6971  1.6296  0.5288  338.3  165.5    -  
 20  -15   0633 Dec 21  09:48:43   4396 -16896   P   t-  -0.6904  1.6410  0.5420  338.4  166.9    -  

 21  -14   0652 Jan 01  17:51:58   4229 -16673   P   t-  -0.6823  1.6545  0.5582  338.5  168.7    -  
 22  -13   0670 Jan 12  01:51:41   4064 -16450   P   t-  -0.6708  1.6740  0.5810  338.9  171.3    -  
 23  -12   0688 Jan 23  09:46:28   3900 -16227   P   t-  -0.6545  1.7018  0.6130  339.6  174.7    -  
 24  -11   0706 Feb 02  17:35:35   3738 -16004   P   t-  -0.6328  1.7392  0.6550  340.7  179.0    -  
 25  -10   0724 Feb 14  01:18:04   3579 -15781   P   t-  -0.6051  1.7875  0.7084  342.1  184.1    -  
 26  -09   0742 Feb 24  08:51:59   3422 -15558   P   t-  -0.5698  1.8496  0.7760  344.1  190.1    -  
 27  -08   0760 Mar 06  16:18:27   3268 -15335   P   t-  -0.5277  1.9239  0.8560  346.2  196.5    -  
 28  -07   0778 Mar 17  23:36:51   3117 -15112   P   t-  -0.4782  2.0117  0.9498  348.6  203.0    -  
 29  -06   0796 Mar 28  06:48:48   2969 -14889   T   t-  -0.4225  2.1110  1.0550  350.9  209.2   37.5
 30  -05   0814 Apr 08  13:52:16   2824 -14666   T   t-  -0.3589  2.2246  1.1745  353.0  215.1   64.2

 31  -04   0832 Apr 18  20:51:19   2683 -14443   T   t-  -0.2910  2.3464  1.3019  354.6  220.1   80.6
 32  -03   0850 Apr 30  03:44:32   2545 -14220   T-  pp  -0.2175  2.4786  1.4394  355.7  224.0   92.1
 33  -02   0868 May 10  10:35:28   2411 -13997   T-  pp  -0.1411  2.6163  1.5822  356.1  226.7   99.5
 34  -01   0886 May 21  17:22:29   2281 -13774   T-  pp  -0.0603  2.7622  1.7327  355.6  227.9  103.6
 35   00   0904 Jun 01  00:10:31   2155 -13551   T+  pp   0.0207  2.8327  1.8073  354.2  227.7  104.2
 36   01   0922 Jun 12  06:58:18   2034 -13328   T+  pp   0.1026  2.6807  1.6589  351.9  225.9  101.5
 37   02   0940 Jun 22  13:48:38   1917 -13105   T+  pp   0.1834  2.5307  1.5122  348.7  222.6   95.4
 38   03   0958 Jul 03  20:42:11   1804 -12882   T+  pp   0.2625  2.3844  1.3684  344.6  217.9   85.5
 39   04   0976 Jul 14  03:41:09   1696 -12659   T   -p   0.3379  2.2450  1.2312  339.9  212.0   70.9
 40   05   0994 Jul 25  10:46:43   1593 -12436   T   -t   0.4086  2.1143  1.1021  334.7  205.1   49.0


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 93

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   06   1012 Aug 04  17:58:16   1494 -12213   P   -t   0.4752  1.9914  0.9806  329.1  197.2    -  
 42   07   1030 Aug 16  01:18:59   1400 -11990   P   -h   0.5349  1.8815  0.8715  323.4  189.0    -  
 43   08   1048 Aug 26  08:47:40   1310 -11767   P   -a   0.5886  1.7827  0.7732  317.7  180.5    -  
 44   09   1066 Sep 06  16:26:32   1225 -11544   P   -a   0.6349  1.6977  0.6885  312.3  172.2    -  
 45   10   1084 Sep 17  00:14:00   1144 -11321   P   -a   0.6746  1.6246  0.6155  307.3  164.2    -  
 46   11   1102 Sep 28  08:12:27   1068 -11098   P   -a   0.7063  1.5664  0.5575  302.9  157.3    -  
 47   12   1120 Oct 08  16:19:42    996 -10875   P   -a   0.7314  1.5204  0.5115  299.1  151.3    -  
 48   13   1138 Oct 20  00:35:55    929 -10652   P   -a   0.7500  1.4861  0.4775  296.0  146.5    -  
 49   14   1156 Oct 30  08:59:49    865 -10429   P   -a   0.7631  1.4617  0.4537  293.6  142.9    -  
 50   15   1174 Nov 10  17:31:32    806 -10206   P   -a   0.7709  1.4471  0.4398  291.7  140.6    -  

 51   16   1192 Nov 21  02:08:07    750  -9983   P   -a   0.7752  1.4385  0.4325  290.3  139.3    -  
 52   17   1210 Dec 02  10:48:53    698  -9760   P   -a   0.7770  1.4344  0.4301  289.2  138.6    -  
 53   18   1228 Dec 12  19:31:51    649  -9537   P   -a   0.7777  1.4319  0.4299  288.1  138.2    -  
 54   19   1246 Dec 24  04:16:48    604  -9314   P   -a   0.7778  1.4305  0.4311  287.1  138.1    -  
 55   20   1265 Jan 03  12:59:20    561  -9091   P   -a   0.7803  1.4241  0.4280  285.8  137.3    -  
 56   21   1283 Jan 14  21:40:31    521  -8868   P   -a   0.7846  1.4145  0.4220  284.3  136.2    -  
 57   22   1301 Jan 25  06:16:32    484  -8645   P   -a   0.7937  1.3956  0.4072  282.1  133.8    -  
 58   23   1319 Feb 05  14:49:06    449  -8422   P   -a   0.8062  1.3706  0.3866  279.5  130.5    -  
 59   24   1337 Feb 15  23:13:25    417  -8199   P   -a   0.8261  1.3317  0.3523  275.9  125.0    -  
 60   25   1355 Feb 27  07:33:13    386  -7976   P   -a   0.8503  1.2849  0.3103  271.6  117.8    -  

 61   26   1373 Mar 09  15:44:12    358  -7753   P   -a   0.8822  1.2240  0.2542  266.1  107.3    -  
 62   27   1391 Mar 20  23:49:01    330  -7530   P   -a   0.9197  1.1528  0.1878  259.6   92.9    -  
 63   28   1409 Mar 31  07:45:13    305  -7307   P   -a   0.9647  1.0679  0.1074  251.5   71.0    -  
 64   29   1427 Apr 11  15:36:23    281  -7084   P   -a   1.0144  0.9746  0.0184  242.1   29.7    -  
 65   30   1445 Apr 21  23:20:33    258  -6861   N   -a   1.0703  0.8700 -0.0823  230.7    -      -  
 66   31   1463 May 03  06:59:35    236  -6638   N   -a   1.1308  0.7572 -0.1917  217.3    -      -  
 67   32   1481 May 13  14:33:56    215  -6415   N   -a   1.1952  0.6376 -0.3085  201.5    -      -  
 68   33   1499 May 24  22:05:32    196  -6192   N   -a   1.2621  0.5136 -0.4301  182.8    -      -  
 69   34   1517 Jun 04  05:34:12    178  -5969   N   -a   1.3316  0.3854 -0.5567  160.1    -      -  
 70   35   1535 Jun 15  13:01:28    162  -5746   N   -a   1.4023  0.2550 -0.6860  131.7    -      -  

 71   36   1553 Jun 25  20:29:09    147  -5523   N   -a   1.4726  0.1258 -0.8148   93.6    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29