The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 94 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0320 May 09. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1582 Jun 06. The total duration of Saros series 94 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0320 May 09 02:06:07 TD
Last Eclipse = 1582 Jun 06 07:29:32 TD
Duration of Saros 94 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 94 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 94 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 13 | 18.3% |
| Partial | P | 42 | 59.2% |
| Total | T | 16 | 22.5% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 94 occur in the order of 6N 21P 16T 21P 7N which corresponds to:
6 Penumbral
21 Partial
16 Total
21 Partial
7 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 94 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0951 May 23 Duration = 01h39m24s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1077 Aug 06 Duration = 00h09m35s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0789 Feb 14 Duration = 03h05m21s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0428 Jul 12 Duration = 00h15m39s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1474 Apr 02 Duration = 04h15m13s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0320 May 09 Duration = 01h44m28s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 94 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0789 Feb 14 Magnitude = 0.9754
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0428 Jul 12 Magnitude = 0.0047
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 94 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -35 0320 May 09 02:06:07 7449 -20775 N a- 1.4856 0.1345 -0.8706 104.5 - -
02 -34 0338 May 20 09:07:53 7273 -20552 N a- 1.4078 0.2749 -0.7256 146.8 - -
03 -33 0356 May 30 16:07:42 7097 -20329 N a- 1.3268 0.4216 -0.5748 178.5 - -
04 -32 0374 Jun 10 23:10:19 6920 -20106 N a- 1.2468 0.5666 -0.4262 203.2 - -
05 -31 0392 Jun 21 06:13:49 6742 -19883 N a- 1.1661 0.7131 -0.2768 223.7 - -
06 -30 0410 Jul 02 13:23:17 6564 -19660 N a- 1.0890 0.8533 -0.1342 240.3 - -
07 -29 0428 Jul 12 20:36:32 6386 -19437 P a- 1.0138 0.9904 0.0047 254.3 15.7 -
08 -28 0446 Jul 24 03:56:14 6207 -19214 P a- 0.9428 1.1200 0.1357 265.7 82.0 -
09 -27 0464 Aug 03 11:22:45 6029 -18991 P a- 0.8765 1.2413 0.2578 275.1 110.7 -
10 -26 0482 Aug 14 18:57:45 5852 -18768 P a- 0.8163 1.3516 0.3684 282.6 129.8 -
11 -25 0500 Aug 25 02:41:11 5676 -18545 P a- 0.7623 1.4506 0.4675 288.5 143.6 -
12 -24 0518 Sep 05 10:33:20 5499 -18322 P a- 0.7150 1.5376 0.5543 293.2 153.9 -
13 -23 0536 Sep 15 18:35:11 5323 -18099 P a- 0.6749 1.6114 0.6277 296.7 161.4 -
14 -22 0554 Sep 27 02:46:01 5148 -17876 P a- 0.6416 1.6726 0.6884 299.3 166.9 -
15 -21 0572 Oct 07 11:05:09 4975 -17653 P a- 0.6148 1.7220 0.7374 301.1 170.9 -
16 -20 0590 Oct 18 19:32:46 4803 -17430 P a- 0.5946 1.7592 0.7743 302.2 173.7 -
17 -19 0608 Oct 29 04:07:37 4632 -17207 P a- 0.5800 1.7862 0.8012 302.9 175.5 -
18 -18 0626 Nov 09 12:48:58 4463 -16984 P a- 0.5703 1.8038 0.8191 303.0 176.6 -
19 -17 0644 Nov 19 21:34:01 4295 -16761 P a- 0.5632 1.8166 0.8325 303.0 177.2 -
20 -16 0662 Dec 01 06:23:27 4129 -16538 P a- 0.5595 1.8228 0.8398 302.7 177.5 -
21 -15 0680 Dec 11 15:14:04 3964 -16315 P a- 0.5568 1.8270 0.8455 302.2 177.7 -
22 -14 0698 Dec 23 00:04:48 3802 -16092 P a- 0.5537 1.8316 0.8521 301.8 177.9 -
23 -13 0717 Jan 02 08:52:59 3642 -15869 P a- 0.5484 1.8402 0.8630 301.6 178.5 -
24 -12 0735 Jan 13 17:38:29 3484 -15646 P a- 0.5408 1.8526 0.8783 301.5 179.4 -
25 -11 0753 Jan 24 02:19:22 3329 -15423 P a- 0.5294 1.8721 0.9009 301.8 180.8 -
26 -10 0771 Feb 04 10:53:52 3176 -15200 P a- 0.5127 1.9010 0.9332 302.4 182.8 -
27 -09 0789 Feb 14 19:22:01 3027 -14977 P a- 0.4906 1.9396 0.9754 303.3 185.3 -
28 -08 0807 Feb 26 03:42:39 2881 -14754 T a- 0.4621 1.9901 1.0295 304.7 188.5 25.4
29 -07 0825 Mar 08 11:55:53 2738 -14531 T a- 0.4275 2.0519 1.0949 306.3 191.9 44.7
30 -06 0843 Mar 19 20:00:50 2599 -14308 T p- 0.3858 2.1265 1.1730 308.2 195.7 58.9
31 -05 0861 Mar 30 03:58:57 2463 -14085 T p- 0.3383 2.2122 1.2617 310.1 199.4 70.4
32 -04 0879 Apr 10 11:50:07 2332 -13862 T p- 0.2849 2.3088 1.3612 312.1 203.0 79.9
33 -03 0897 Apr 20 19:34:20 2205 -13639 T+ p- 0.2254 2.4168 1.4716 313.9 206.2 87.7
34 -02 0915 May 02 03:13:23 2081 -13416 T+ p- 0.1613 2.5334 1.5900 315.5 208.8 93.6
35 -01 0933 May 12 10:47:29 1963 -13193 T+ pp 0.0929 2.6583 1.7161 316.6 210.7 97.6
36 00 0951 May 23 18:18:29 1848 -12970 T+ pp 0.0221 2.7879 1.8464 317.2 211.6 99.4
37 01 0969 Jun 03 01:45:37 1738 -12747 T- pp -0.0520 2.7330 1.7915 317.3 211.6 99.0
38 02 0987 Jun 14 09:12:40 1633 -12524 T- -p -0.1261 2.5975 1.6553 316.7 210.4 96.2
39 03 1005 Jun 24 16:38:42 1532 -12301 T- -p -0.2011 2.4605 1.5170 315.5 208.1 90.6
40 04 1023 Jul 06 00:06:25 1436 -12078 T -p -0.2742 2.3274 1.3820 313.7 204.6 82.0
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 05 1041 Jul 16 07:35:26 1345 -11855 T -p -0.3458 2.1972 1.2491 311.4 200.1 69.4
42 06 1059 Jul 27 15:08:45 1258 -11632 T -a -0.4135 2.0746 1.1234 308.5 194.7 50.9
43 07 1077 Aug 06 22:46:01 1176 -11409 T -a -0.4775 1.9590 1.0041 305.4 188.4 9.6
44 08 1095 Aug 18 06:28:04 1098 -11186 P -a -0.5372 1.8516 0.8925 302.0 181.5 -
45 09 1113 Aug 28 14:16:50 1024 -10963 P -a -0.5908 1.7555 0.7919 298.6 174.2 -
46 10 1131 Sep 08 22:12:05 955 -10740 P -a -0.6385 1.6704 0.7020 295.3 166.8 -
47 11 1149 Sep 19 06:15:22 890 -10517 P -a -0.6793 1.5981 0.6247 292.4 159.6 -
48 12 1167 Sep 30 14:24:46 829 -10294 P -a -0.7146 1.5358 0.5574 289.8 152.7 -
49 13 1185 Oct 10 22:42:44 772 -10071 P -a -0.7424 1.4873 0.5038 287.8 146.7 -
50 14 1203 Oct 22 07:06:23 718 -9848 P -a -0.7653 1.4479 0.4595 286.3 141.3 -
51 15 1221 Nov 01 15:36:50 668 -9625 P -a -0.7819 1.4196 0.4266 285.4 137.2 -
52 16 1239 Nov 13 00:11:32 621 -9402 P -a -0.7947 1.3983 0.4010 284.9 133.8 -
53 17 1257 Nov 23 08:51:11 578 -9179 P -a -0.8029 1.3853 0.3842 284.9 131.6 -
54 18 1275 Dec 04 17:32:19 537 -8956 P -a -0.8093 1.3752 0.3707 285.2 129.8 -
55 19 1293 Dec 15 02:14:39 499 -8733 P -a -0.8142 1.3676 0.3602 285.5 128.5 -
56 20 1311 Dec 26 10:55:55 463 -8510 P -a -0.8194 1.3594 0.3496 285.9 127.1 -
57 21 1330 Jan 05 19:35:32 430 -8287 P -a -0.8250 1.3500 0.3383 286.1 125.6 -
58 22 1348 Jan 17 04:09:50 398 -8064 P -a -0.8346 1.3330 0.3200 285.7 122.8 -
59 23 1366 Jan 27 12:39:18 369 -7841 P -a -0.8476 1.3097 0.2958 284.8 118.8 -
60 24 1384 Feb 07 21:01:03 341 -7618 P -a -0.8661 1.2760 0.2615 283.1 112.6 -
61 25 1402 Feb 18 05:16:30 315 -7395 P -a -0.8892 1.2339 0.2190 280.5 104.0 -
62 26 1420 Feb 29 13:20:56 290 -7172 P -a -0.9205 1.1765 0.1614 276.6 90.3 -
63 27 1438 Mar 11 21:17:55 267 -6949 P -a -0.9572 1.1092 0.0939 271.4 69.8 -
64 28 1456 Mar 22 05:03:32 244 -6726 P -a -1.0027 1.0258 0.0103 264.2 23.5 -
65 29 1474 Apr 02 12:41:25 223 -6503 N -a -1.0536 0.9326 -0.0831 255.2 - -
66 30 1492 Apr 12 20:07:44 204 -6280 N -a -1.1130 0.8239 -0.1924 243.4 - -
67 31 1510 Apr 24 03:27:17 185 -6057 N -h -1.1769 0.7070 -0.3100 229.0 - -
68 32 1528 May 04 10:37:14 168 -5834 N -h -1.2477 0.5778 -0.4406 210.4 - -
69 33 1546 May 15 17:40:52 153 -5611 N -h -1.3223 0.4416 -0.5783 187.1 - -
70 34 1564 May 26 00:37:06 139 -5388 N -h -1.4018 0.2969 -0.7252 156.1 - -
71 35 1582 Jun 06 07:29:32 128 -5165 N -t -1.4830 0.1491 -0.8754 112.5 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
