The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 98 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0436 Feb 18. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1752 Apr 28. The total duration of Saros series 98 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0436 Feb 18 12:09:44 TD
Last Eclipse = 1752 Apr 28 11:35:10 TD
Duration of Saros 98 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 98 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 98 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 32 | 43.2% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.0% |
| Total | T | 25 | 33.8% |
The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 98 occur in the order of 10N 10P 25T 7P 22N which corresponds to:
10 Penumbral
10 Partial
25 Total
7 Partial
22 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 98 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1139 Apr 16 Duration = 01h45m00s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0796 Sep 21 Duration = 00h38m23s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1247 Jun 19 Duration = 03h26m29s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0616 Jun 05 Duration = 00h23m11s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1373 Sep 02 Duration = 04h49m27s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0436 Feb 18 Duration = 00h20m04s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 98 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0778 Sep 11 Magnitude = 0.9993
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0616 Jun 05 Magnitude = 0.0109
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 98 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -39 0436 Feb 18 12:09:44 6310 -19343 Nb a- 1.5443 0.0056 -0.9573 20.1 - -
02 -38 0454 Feb 28 20:27:21 6132 -19120 N a- 1.5172 0.0544 -0.9067 62.3 - -
03 -37 0472 Mar 11 04:34:10 5955 -18897 N a- 1.4822 0.1178 -0.8415 91.3 - -
04 -36 0490 Mar 22 12:34:42 5778 -18674 N a- 1.4425 0.1898 -0.7680 115.3 - -
05 -35 0508 Apr 01 20:25:03 5601 -18451 N a- 1.3949 0.2765 -0.6802 138.3 - -
06 -34 0526 Apr 13 04:09:35 5425 -18228 N a- 1.3433 0.3709 -0.5850 159.0 - -
07 -33 0544 Apr 23 11:45:05 5249 -18005 N a- 1.2848 0.4781 -0.4775 179.0 - -
08 -32 0562 May 04 19:16:30 5075 -17782 N a- 1.2233 0.5911 -0.3648 197.3 - -
09 -31 0580 May 15 02:41:40 4902 -17559 N a- 1.1570 0.7131 -0.2437 214.6 - -
10 -30 0598 May 26 10:03:29 4731 -17336 N a- 1.0884 0.8398 -0.1184 230.5 - -
11 -29 0616 Jun 05 17:22:01 4560 -17113 P a- 1.0173 0.9713 0.0109 245.2 23.2 -
12 -28 0634 Jun 17 00:39:45 4392 -16890 P a- 0.9459 1.1037 0.1406 258.6 82.0 -
13 -27 0652 Jun 27 07:56:56 4225 -16667 P a- 0.8746 1.2363 0.2698 270.6 111.9 -
14 -26 0670 Jul 08 15:14:59 4059 -16444 P a- 0.8044 1.3670 0.3966 281.4 133.5 -
15 -25 0688 Jul 18 22:35:37 3896 -16221 P a- 0.7369 1.4932 0.5183 290.9 150.2 -
16 -24 0706 Jul 30 05:59:52 3734 -15998 P a- 0.6726 1.6136 0.6336 299.3 163.5 -
17 -23 0724 Aug 09 13:28:17 3575 -15775 P a- 0.6127 1.7263 0.7409 306.7 174.2 -
18 -22 0742 Aug 20 21:02:12 3418 -15552 P a- 0.5580 1.8296 0.8384 313.0 182.8 -
19 -21 0760 Aug 31 04:42:27 3264 -15329 P a- 0.5094 1.9218 0.9246 318.4 189.6 -
20 -20 0778 Sep 11 12:29:30 3113 -15106 P a- 0.4670 2.0028 0.9993 323.1 195.0 -
21 -19 0796 Sep 21 20:22:35 2965 -14883 T p- 0.4303 2.0732 1.0635 327.1 199.3 38.4
22 -18 0814 Oct 03 04:23:30 2820 -14660 T p- 0.4009 2.1303 1.1144 330.5 202.6 50.8
23 -17 0832 Oct 13 12:31:07 2679 -14437 T p- 0.3781 2.1753 1.1533 333.5 205.1 58.2
24 -16 0850 Oct 24 20:45:26 2541 -14214 T p- 0.3612 2.2091 1.1815 336.0 207.0 62.9
25 -15 0868 Nov 04 05:04:36 2408 -13991 T p- 0.3491 2.2339 1.2010 338.2 208.4 65.9
26 -14 0886 Nov 15 13:28:41 2278 -13768 T p- 0.3417 2.2499 1.2123 340.0 209.4 67.6
27 -13 0904 Nov 25 21:55:42 2152 -13545 T p- 0.3375 2.2599 1.2180 341.7 210.2 68.5
28 -12 0922 Dec 07 06:23:41 2031 -13322 T p- 0.3348 2.2664 1.2210 343.2 210.9 69.0
29 -11 0940 Dec 17 14:51:55 1914 -13099 T p- 0.3331 2.2712 1.2227 344.6 211.6 69.4
30 -10 0958 Dec 28 23:17:44 1801 -12876 T p- 0.3302 2.2777 1.2269 346.0 212.3 70.1
31 -09 0977 Jan 08 07:40:11 1693 -12653 T p- 0.3252 2.2877 1.2352 347.5 213.3 71.4
32 -08 0995 Jan 19 15:56:11 1590 -12430 T p- 0.3157 2.3058 1.2522 349.0 214.6 73.7
33 -07 1013 Jan 30 00:06:26 1491 -12207 T p- 0.3023 2.3306 1.2763 350.7 216.2 76.7
34 -06 1031 Feb 10 08:07:50 1397 -11984 T p- 0.2828 2.3666 1.3120 352.6 218.2 80.6
35 -05 1049 Feb 20 16:00:09 1308 -11761 T+ pp 0.2564 2.4150 1.3604 354.7 220.5 85.3
36 -04 1067 Mar 03 23:42:08 1223 -11538 T+ pp 0.2223 2.4774 1.4232 356.9 223.0 90.5
37 -03 1085 Mar 14 07:14:33 1142 -11315 T+ pp 0.1811 2.5528 1.4988 359.1 225.6 95.5
38 -02 1103 Mar 25 14:36:57 1066 -11092 T+ pp 0.1325 2.6418 1.5882 361.1 228.1 99.9
39 -01 1121 Apr 04 21:48:29 994 -10869 T+ pp 0.0758 2.7458 1.6924 363.0 230.1 103.3
40 00 1139 Apr 16 04:51:10 927 -10646 T+ pp 0.0124 2.8620 1.8088 364.3 231.3 105.0
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 01 1157 Apr 26 11:44:52 864 -10423 T- pp -0.0579 2.7787 1.7253 365.1 231.6 104.4
42 02 1175 May 07 18:31:15 804 -10200 T- pp -0.1334 2.6403 1.5865 364.9 230.4 100.9
43 03 1193 May 18 01:10:42 749 -9977 T- pp -0.2140 2.4929 1.4382 363.8 227.6 93.2
44 04 1211 May 29 07:45:32 697 -9754 T -t -0.2977 2.3398 1.2840 361.5 222.9 79.8
45 05 1229 Jun 08 14:17:10 648 -9531 T -t -0.3836 2.1831 1.1256 358.0 216.0 56.1
46 06 1247 Jun 19 20:45:31 602 -9308 P -t -0.4714 2.0230 0.9636 353.1 206.5 -
47 07 1265 Jun 30 03:14:06 560 -9085 P -t -0.5583 1.8647 0.8028 347.0 194.4 -
48 08 1283 Jul 11 09:42:53 520 -8862 P -t -0.6444 1.7081 0.6435 339.5 179.1 -
49 09 1301 Jul 21 16:15:37 483 -8639 P -t -0.7266 1.5588 0.4911 330.9 160.6 -
50 10 1319 Aug 01 22:50:32 449 -8416 P -t -0.8064 1.4142 0.3431 321.2 137.5 -
51 11 1337 Aug 12 05:32:46 416 -8193 P -t -0.8797 1.2814 0.2066 311.0 109.0 -
52 12 1355 Aug 23 12:20:17 386 -7970 P -t -0.9483 1.1575 0.0788 300.2 68.6 -
53 13 1373 Sep 02 19:16:42 357 -7747 Nx -t -1.0091 1.0478 -0.0346 289.5 - -
54 14 1391 Sep 14 02:19:56 330 -7524 N -t -1.0641 0.9489 -0.1374 278.7 - -
55 15 1409 Sep 24 09:33:48 304 -7301 N -t -1.1102 0.8662 -0.2238 268.9 - -
56 16 1427 Oct 05 16:55:33 280 -7078 N -t -1.1500 0.7951 -0.2985 259.7 - -
57 17 1445 Oct 16 00:26:27 257 -6855 N -t -1.1823 0.7374 -0.3593 251.8 - -
58 18 1463 Oct 27 08:05:16 235 -6632 N -t -1.2081 0.6913 -0.4081 245.0 - -
59 19 1481 Nov 06 15:52:48 215 -6409 N -t -1.2265 0.6587 -0.4429 240.0 - -
60 20 1499 Nov 17 23:45:52 196 -6186 N -t -1.2408 0.6331 -0.4700 235.8 - -
61 21 1517 Nov 28 07:44:09 178 -5963 N -t -1.2509 0.6150 -0.4889 232.8 - -
62 22 1535 Dec 09 15:45:20 162 -5740 N -t -1.2588 0.6006 -0.5034 230.2 - -
63 23 1553 Dec 19 23:49:19 147 -5517 N -t -1.2643 0.5901 -0.5132 228.2 - -
64 24 1571 Dec 31 07:51:32 134 -5294 N -t -1.2712 0.5767 -0.5249 225.6 - -
65 25 1590 Jan 20 15:53:21 123 -5071 N -t -1.2783 0.5624 -0.5370 222.7 - -
66 26 1608 Jan 31 23:50:22 110 -4848 N -t -1.2894 0.5405 -0.5558 218.3 - -
67 27 1626 Feb 11 07:43:56 85 -4625 N -t -1.3035 0.5128 -0.5797 212.7 - -
68 28 1644 Feb 22 15:29:27 58 -4402 N -t -1.3240 0.4730 -0.6153 204.5 - -
69 29 1662 Mar 04 23:10:09 32 -4179 N -t -1.3487 0.4254 -0.6581 194.3 - -
70 30 1680 Mar 15 06:41:52 14 -3956 N -t -1.3804 0.3645 -0.7139 180.3 - -
71 31 1698 Mar 26 14:06:38 8 -3733 N -t -1.4182 0.2924 -0.7806 162.0 - -
72 32 1716 Apr 06 21:22:33 10 -3510 N -t -1.4634 0.2068 -0.8606 136.9 - -
73 33 1734 Apr 18 04:32:27 11 -3287 N -t -1.5136 0.1117 -0.9501 101.1 - -
74 34 1752 Apr 28 11:35:10 13 -3064 Ne -t -1.5698 0.0059 -1.0505 23.4 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
