The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 101 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 0360 Sep 11. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1839 Feb 28. The total duration of Saros series 101 is 1478.47 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0360 Sep 11 22:17:15 TD
Last Eclipse = 1839 Feb 28 08:53:39 TD
Duration of Saros 101 = 1478.47 Years
Saros 101 is composed of 83 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 101 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 83 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 42 | 50.6% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 16.9% |
| Total | T | 27 | 32.5% |
The 83 lunar eclipses in Saros 101 occur in the order of 22N 8P 27T 6P 20N which corresponds to:
22 Penumbral
8 Partial
27 Total
6 Partial
20 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 101 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1262 Mar 07 Duration = 01h44m09s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0901 Aug 03 Duration = 00h36m30s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1388 May 21 Duration = 03h23m43s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0757 May 08 Duration = 00h43m32s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1496 Jul 25 Duration = 04h48m16s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1839 Feb 28 Duration = 00h46m46s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 101 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0883 Jul 23 Magnitude = 0.9412
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0757 May 08 Magnitude = 0.0387
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 101 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -49 0360 Sep 11 22:17:15 7055 -20276 N a- -1.5179 0.0515 -0.9065 60.5 - -
02 -48 0378 Sep 23 06:34:46 6878 -20053 N a- -1.4867 0.1099 -0.8505 87.9 - -
03 -47 0396 Oct 03 14:59:50 6700 -19830 N a- -1.4618 0.1567 -0.8060 104.5 - -
04 -46 0414 Oct 14 23:32:16 6522 -19607 N a- -1.4429 0.1927 -0.7723 115.5 - -
05 -45 0432 Oct 25 08:11:22 6343 -19384 N a- -1.4296 0.2182 -0.7489 122.7 - -
06 -44 0450 Nov 05 16:56:38 6165 -19161 N a- -1.4212 0.2344 -0.7345 127.0 - -
07 -43 0468 Nov 16 01:45:15 5987 -18938 N a- -1.4158 0.2451 -0.7253 129.8 - -
08 -42 0486 Nov 27 10:37:44 5810 -18715 N a- -1.4138 0.2493 -0.7222 130.9 - -
09 -41 0504 Dec 07 19:30:38 5634 -18492 N a- -1.4123 0.2524 -0.7197 131.8 - -
10 -40 0522 Dec 19 04:24:18 5457 -18269 N a- -1.4120 0.2531 -0.7193 132.0 - -
11 -39 0540 Dec 29 13:14:13 5281 -18046 N a- -1.4089 0.2586 -0.7135 133.5 - -
12 -38 0559 Jan 09 22:02:29 5107 -17823 N a- -1.4049 0.2656 -0.7059 135.3 - -
13 -37 0577 Jan 20 06:44:41 4934 -17600 N a- -1.3962 0.2812 -0.6894 139.1 - -
14 -36 0595 Jan 31 15:21:36 4762 -17377 N a- -1.3838 0.3033 -0.6661 144.3 - -
15 -35 0613 Feb 10 23:50:12 4592 -17154 N a- -1.3651 0.3370 -0.6311 151.8 - -
16 -34 0631 Feb 22 08:12:23 4423 -16931 N a- -1.3416 0.3793 -0.5874 160.6 - -
17 -33 0649 Mar 04 16:25:34 4255 -16708 N a- -1.3112 0.4345 -0.5308 171.2 - -
18 -32 0667 Mar 16 00:30:20 4089 -16485 N a- -1.2744 0.5013 -0.4628 183.0 - -
19 -31 0685 Mar 26 08:26:20 3926 -16262 N a- -1.2310 0.5805 -0.3826 195.7 - -
20 -30 0703 Apr 06 16:14:43 3764 -16039 N a- -1.1820 0.6702 -0.2923 208.9 - -
21 -29 0721 Apr 16 23:54:57 3604 -15816 N a- -1.1268 0.7714 -0.1909 222.3 - -
22 -28 0739 Apr 28 07:28:09 3447 -15593 N a- -1.0662 0.8826 -0.0799 235.6 - -
23 -27 0757 May 08 14:55:18 3292 -15370 P a- -1.0014 1.0020 0.0387 248.6 43.5 -
24 -26 0775 May 19 22:17:38 3141 -15147 P a- -0.9333 1.1276 0.1630 260.9 88.1 -
25 -25 0793 May 30 05:34:46 2992 -14924 P a- -0.8615 1.2604 0.2938 272.7 116.4 -
26 -24 0811 Jun 10 12:50:09 2847 -14701 P a- -0.7888 1.3950 0.4258 283.5 137.8 -
27 -23 0829 Jun 20 20:03:13 2705 -14478 P a- -0.7151 1.5318 0.5594 293.4 155.2 -
28 -22 0847 Jul 02 03:17:32 2566 -14255 P a- -0.6429 1.6662 0.6900 302.2 169.3 -
29 -21 0865 Jul 12 10:31:09 2432 -14032 P a- -0.5710 1.8004 0.8198 310.2 181.1 -
30 -20 0883 Jul 23 17:49:11 2301 -13809 P a- -0.5035 1.9267 0.9412 317.0 190.5 -
31 -19 0901 Aug 03 01:09:31 2175 -13586 T a- -0.4388 2.0482 1.0573 323.0 198.2 36.5
32 -18 0919 Aug 14 08:35:22 2053 -13363 T p- -0.3793 2.1603 1.1637 328.2 204.3 59.8
33 -17 0937 Aug 24 16:05:45 1935 -13140 T p- -0.3243 2.2643 1.2616 332.7 209.2 73.3
34 -16 0955 Sep 04 23:43:41 1822 -12917 T p- -0.2763 2.3555 1.3465 336.5 212.9 82.0
35 -15 0973 Sep 15 07:27:56 1713 -12694 T- p- -0.2346 2.4353 1.4199 339.7 215.8 87.9
36 -14 0991 Sep 26 15:18:46 1609 -12471 T- pp -0.1991 2.5035 1.4818 342.6 218.0 92.0
37 -13 1009 Oct 06 23:17:13 1509 -12248 T- pp -0.1707 2.5588 1.5308 345.1 219.7 94.7
38 -12 1027 Oct 18 07:22:25 1414 -12025 T- pp -0.1486 2.6025 1.5685 347.3 220.9 96.6
39 -11 1045 Oct 28 15:33:52 1324 -11802 T- pp -0.1325 2.6348 1.5951 349.2 221.9 97.7
40 -10 1063 Nov 08 23:49:19 1238 -11579 T- pp -0.1205 2.6595 1.6146 351.1 222.8 98.5
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 -09 1081 Nov 19 08:09:51 1157 -11356 T- pp -0.1135 2.6747 1.6251 352.7 223.5 99.0
42 -08 1099 Nov 30 16:32:22 1080 -11133 T- pp -0.1086 2.6858 1.6322 354.2 224.1 99.4
43 -07 1117 Dec 11 00:56:11 1007 -10910 T- pp -0.1054 2.6932 1.6363 355.7 224.7 99.7
44 -06 1135 Dec 22 09:18:55 939 -10687 T- pp -0.1019 2.7011 1.6414 357.0 225.3 100.0
45 -05 1154 Jan 01 17:39:57 875 -10464 T- pp -0.0975 2.7102 1.6484 358.3 226.0 100.4
46 -04 1172 Jan 13 01:56:16 815 -10241 T- pp -0.0899 2.7249 1.6616 359.6 226.7 101.0
47 -03 1190 Jan 23 10:07:00 759 -10018 T- pp -0.0782 2.7469 1.6828 360.8 227.6 101.7
48 -02 1208 Feb 03 18:10:32 706 -9795 T- pp -0.0610 2.7785 1.7140 362.0 228.4 102.6
49 -01 1226 Feb 14 02:06:28 657 -9572 T- pp -0.0381 2.8205 1.7561 363.1 229.3 103.4
50 00 1244 Feb 25 09:51:50 611 -9349 T- pp -0.0073 2.8769 1.8129 364.1 230.1 104.1
51 01 1262 Mar 07 17:28:17 568 -9126 T+ pp 0.0302 2.8346 1.7710 364.9 230.6 104.2
52 02 1280 Mar 18 00:53:37 527 -8903 T+ pp 0.0761 2.7500 1.6872 365.4 230.6 103.2
53 03 1298 Mar 29 08:10:17 490 -8680 T+ pp 0.1286 2.6533 1.5911 365.4 229.9 100.6
54 04 1316 Apr 08 15:14:51 455 -8457 T+ pp 0.1902 2.5400 1.4785 364.7 228.2 95.4
55 05 1334 Apr 19 22:12:11 422 -8234 T+ -p 0.2569 2.4173 1.3562 363.3 225.1 86.7
56 06 1352 Apr 30 04:59:28 391 -8011 T -t 0.3309 2.2814 1.2205 360.7 220.2 71.9
57 07 1370 May 11 11:41:22 362 -7788 T -t 0.4088 2.1386 1.0777 357.0 213.3 44.8
58 08 1388 May 21 18:15:06 335 -7565 P -t 0.4926 1.9850 0.9237 351.9 203.7 -
59 09 1406 Jun 02 00:46:25 309 -7342 P -t 0.5777 1.8292 0.7671 345.3 191.2 -
60 10 1424 Jun 12 07:13:02 284 -7119 P -t 0.6657 1.6684 0.6051 337.1 174.8 -
61 11 1442 Jun 23 13:39:06 261 -6896 P -t 0.7535 1.5081 0.4432 327.3 153.7 -
62 12 1460 Jul 03 20:04:26 239 -6673 P -t 0.8412 1.3481 0.2813 315.7 125.7 -
63 13 1478 Jul 15 02:32:38 219 -6450 P -t 0.9258 1.1940 0.1249 302.7 85.8 -
64 14 1496 Jul 25 09:03:59 199 -6227 Nx -t 1.0074 1.0457 -0.0260 288.3 - -
65 15 1514 Aug 05 15:39:55 181 -6004 N -t 1.0845 0.9055 -0.1690 272.6 - -
66 16 1532 Aug 15 22:22:09 164 -5781 N -t 1.1559 0.7761 -0.3016 256.0 - -
67 17 1550 Aug 27 05:11:29 149 -5558 N -t 1.2210 0.6583 -0.4226 238.8 - -
68 18 1568 Sep 06 12:08:34 136 -5335 N -t 1.2796 0.5524 -0.5317 221.2 - -
69 19 1586 Sep 27 19:14:33 125 -5112 N -t 1.3306 0.4604 -0.6270 203.8 - -
70 20 1604 Oct 08 02:29:43 113 -4889 N -t 1.3742 0.3821 -0.7084 187.1 - -
71 21 1622 Oct 19 09:54:38 90 -4666 N -t 1.4097 0.3184 -0.7750 171.9 - -
72 22 1640 Oct 29 17:27:12 63 -4443 N -t 1.4390 0.2657 -0.8301 157.8 - -
73 23 1658 Nov 10 01:09:24 37 -4220 N -t 1.4609 0.2267 -0.8712 146.2 - -
74 24 1676 Nov 20 08:58:24 17 -3997 N -t 1.4777 0.1967 -0.9028 136.5 - -
75 25 1694 Dec 01 16:54:29 8 -3774 N -t 1.4889 0.1765 -0.9238 129.5 - -
76 26 1712 Dec 13 00:53:52 9 -3551 N -t 1.4977 0.1604 -0.9401 123.4 - -
77 27 1730 Dec 24 08:58:03 11 -3328 N -t 1.5032 0.1500 -0.9498 119.3 - -
78 28 1749 Jan 03 17:03:06 13 -3105 N -t 1.5085 0.1396 -0.9589 115.0 - -
79 29 1767 Jan 15 01:08:11 15 -2882 N -t 1.5141 0.1283 -0.9680 110.2 - -
80 30 1785 Jan 25 09:10:57 17 -2659 N -t 1.5218 0.1127 -0.9808 103.2 - -
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
81 31 1803 Feb 06 17:10:42 13 -2436 N -t 1.5322 0.0918 -0.9980 93.0 - -
82 32 1821 Feb 17 01:05:17 11 -2213 N -t 1.5470 0.0626 -1.0230 76.8 - -
83 33 1839 Feb 28 08:53:39 5 -1990 Ne -t 1.5671 0.0232 -1.0576 46.8 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
