The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 102 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0461 Oct 05. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1958 Apr 04. The total duration of Saros series 102 is 1496.50 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0461 Oct 05 14:59:50 TD
Last Eclipse = 1958 Apr 04 04:00:15 TD
Duration of Saros 102 = 1496.50 Years
Saros 102 is composed of 84 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 102 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 84 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 44 | 52.4% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 16.7% |
| Total | T | 26 | 31.0% |
The 84 lunar eclipses in Saros 102 occur in the order of 21N 6P 26T 8P 23N which corresponds to:
21 Penumbral
6 Partial
26 Total
8 Partial
23 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 102 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1074 Oct 07 Duration = 01h44m43s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0948 Jul 23 Duration = 00h39m03s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0930 Jul 13 Duration = 03h24m04s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1543 Jul 16 Duration = 01h02m56s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0822 May 09 Duration = 04h46m51s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0461 Oct 05 Duration = 00h17m19s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 102 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1417 May 01 Magnitude = 0.9973
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1543 Jul 16 Magnitude = 0.0784
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 102 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -35 0461 Oct 05 14:59:50 6057 -19026 Nb t- 1.5718 0.0033 -1.0551 17.3 - -
02 -34 0479 Oct 16 22:54:35 5880 -18803 N t- 1.5537 0.0393 -1.0249 59.5 - -
03 -33 0497 Oct 27 06:55:24 5704 -18580 N t- 1.5411 0.0652 -1.0043 76.8 - -
04 -32 0515 Nov 07 15:00:56 5527 -18357 N t- 1.5328 0.0829 -0.9913 86.8 - -
05 -31 0533 Nov 17 23:11:15 5351 -18134 N t- 1.5291 0.0916 -0.9867 91.4 - -
06 -30 0551 Nov 29 07:22:40 5176 -17911 N t- 1.5266 0.0978 -0.9837 94.7 - -
07 -29 0569 Dec 09 15:35:23 5002 -17688 N t- 1.5258 0.1007 -0.9835 96.4 - -
08 -28 0587 Dec 20 23:46:02 4830 -17465 N t- 1.5237 0.1054 -0.9807 98.8 - -
09 -27 0605 Dec 31 07:55:11 4659 -17242 N t- 1.5209 0.1111 -0.9761 101.6 - -
10 -26 0624 Jan 11 15:57:41 4489 -17019 N t- 1.5136 0.1247 -0.9628 107.8 - -
11 -25 0642 Jan 21 23:56:00 4321 -16796 N t- 1.5033 0.1435 -0.9438 115.6 - -
12 -24 0660 Feb 02 07:45:06 4155 -16573 N t- 1.4862 0.1745 -0.9121 127.3 - -
13 -23 0678 Feb 12 15:27:08 3990 -16350 N t- 1.4638 0.2151 -0.8702 141.1 - -
14 -22 0696 Feb 23 22:57:48 3827 -16127 N t- 1.4326 0.2715 -0.8123 157.9 - -
15 -21 0714 Mar 06 06:20:38 3667 -15904 N t- 1.3954 0.3387 -0.7432 175.5 - -
16 -20 0732 Mar 16 13:32:02 3509 -15681 N t- 1.3497 0.4217 -0.6583 194.4 - -
17 -19 0750 Mar 27 20:34:13 3353 -15458 N t- 1.2966 0.5181 -0.5598 213.7 - -
18 -18 0768 Apr 07 03:26:13 3200 -15235 N t- 1.2353 0.6296 -0.4464 233.2 - -
19 -17 0786 Apr 18 10:10:53 3050 -15012 N t- 1.1680 0.7521 -0.3220 252.0 - -
20 -16 0804 Apr 28 16:47:44 2904 -14789 N t- 1.0944 0.8864 -0.1861 270.0 - -
21 -15 0822 May 09 23:18:04 2760 -14566 Nx t- 1.0154 1.0307 -0.0404 286.9 - -
22 -14 0840 May 20 05:43:53 2620 -14343 P t- 0.9323 1.1827 0.1125 302.3 81.7 -
23 -13 0858 May 31 12:06:43 2484 -14120 P t- 0.8462 1.3402 0.2708 316.3 123.9 -
24 -12 0876 Jun 10 18:27:49 2352 -13897 P t- 0.7583 1.5013 0.4322 328.6 152.7 -
25 -11 0894 Jun 22 00:49:05 2224 -13674 P t- 0.6701 1.6632 0.5940 339.2 174.5 -
26 -10 0912 Jul 02 07:12:37 2100 -13451 P t- 0.5831 1.8231 0.7535 348.0 191.2 -
27 -09 0930 Jul 13 13:40:18 1981 -13228 P t- 0.4989 1.9780 0.9077 355.2 204.1 -
28 -08 0948 Jul 23 20:11:39 1866 -13005 T t- 0.4170 2.1288 1.0574 361.0 214.0 39.0
29 -07 0966 Aug 04 02:50:13 1755 -12782 T t- 0.3406 2.2697 1.1969 365.3 221.2 69.0
30 -06 0984 Aug 14 09:35:35 1649 -12559 T+ pp 0.2692 2.4015 1.3272 368.4 226.3 84.7
31 -05 1002 Aug 25 16:30:31 1548 -12336 T+ pp 0.2051 2.5200 1.4440 370.4 229.7 94.0
32 -04 1020 Sep 04 23:33:25 1451 -12113 T+ pp 0.1470 2.6274 1.5496 371.6 231.8 99.7
33 -03 1038 Sep 16 06:47:20 1359 -11890 T+ pp 0.0974 2.7193 1.6398 372.2 232.9 102.8
34 -02 1056 Sep 26 14:10:44 1271 -11667 T+ pp 0.0551 2.7978 1.7167 372.2 233.2 104.3
35 -01 1074 Oct 07 21:44:00 1188 -11444 T+ pp 0.0205 2.8619 1.7795 371.9 233.1 104.7
36 00 1092 Oct 18 05:26:35 1110 -11221 T- pp -0.0070 2.8872 1.8037 371.4 232.6 104.6
37 01 1110 Oct 29 13:18:02 1035 -10998 T- pp -0.0276 2.8496 1.7657 370.6 232.1 104.2
38 02 1128 Nov 08 21:17:28 966 -10775 T- pp -0.0425 2.8224 1.7384 369.8 231.5 103.7
39 03 1146 Nov 20 05:21:53 900 -10552 T- pp -0.0538 2.8013 1.7179 368.9 230.9 103.2
40 04 1164 Nov 30 13:32:27 838 -10329 T- pp -0.0607 2.7880 1.7058 367.8 230.3 102.8
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 05 1182 Dec 11 21:45:32 780 -10106 T- pp -0.0657 2.7779 1.6977 366.7 229.8 102.5
42 06 1200 Dec 22 06:00:34 726 -9883 T- pp -0.0701 2.7684 1.6910 365.5 229.3 102.2
43 07 1219 Jan 02 14:13:50 676 -9660 T- pp -0.0764 2.7551 1.6811 364.1 228.7 101.9
44 08 1237 Jan 12 22:26:14 628 -9437 T- pp -0.0842 2.7387 1.6689 362.7 228.1 101.5
45 09 1255 Jan 24 06:34:23 584 -9214 T- pp -0.0960 2.7147 1.6495 361.0 227.4 101.0
46 10 1273 Feb 03 14:37:42 543 -8991 T- pp -0.1123 2.6821 1.6223 359.2 226.5 100.1
47 11 1291 Feb 14 22:34:42 504 -8768 T- pp -0.1344 2.6386 1.5845 357.1 225.5 98.6
48 12 1309 Feb 25 06:25:40 468 -8545 T- pp -0.1623 2.5844 1.5364 354.8 224.0 96.5
49 13 1327 Mar 08 14:08:34 435 -8322 T- pp -0.1975 2.5166 1.4749 352.1 222.1 93.1
50 14 1345 Mar 18 21:44:41 403 -8099 T- pp -0.2390 2.4373 1.4020 349.0 219.5 88.1
51 15 1363 Mar 30 05:13:30 373 -7876 T -p -0.2874 2.3452 1.3164 345.4 216.1 80.6
52 16 1381 Apr 09 12:36:50 345 -7653 T -p -0.3410 2.2437 1.2211 341.1 211.7 69.5
53 17 1399 Apr 20 19:52:49 319 -7430 T -p -0.4017 2.1292 1.1127 336.0 205.8 51.3
54 18 1417 May 01 03:05:22 294 -7207 P -t -0.4661 2.0081 0.9973 330.1 198.6 -
55 19 1435 May 12 10:13:11 270 -6984 P -t -0.5356 1.8779 0.8725 323.2 189.4 -
56 20 1453 May 22 17:19:57 248 -6761 P -t -0.6067 1.7450 0.7446 315.4 178.2 -
57 21 1471 Jun 03 00:23:10 227 -6538 P -t -0.6815 1.6054 0.6094 306.4 164.3 -
58 22 1489 Jun 13 07:28:45 207 -6315 P -h -0.7554 1.4678 0.4757 296.6 147.8 -
59 23 1507 Jun 24 14:33:59 188 -6092 P -h -0.8306 1.3283 0.3394 285.5 127.0 -
60 24 1525 Jul 04 21:43:23 171 -5869 P -h -0.9029 1.1941 0.2080 273.8 101.0 -
61 25 1543 Jul 16 04:55:02 155 -5646 P -h -0.9742 1.0623 0.0784 261.0 62.9 -
62 26 1561 Jul 26 12:13:48 141 -5423 N -a -1.0402 0.9402 -0.0420 247.8 - -
63 27 1579 Aug 06 19:37:41 129 -5200 N -a -1.1029 0.8248 -0.1564 234.1 - -
64 28 1597 Aug 27 03:08:44 120 -4977 N -a -1.1604 0.7189 -0.2616 220.3 - -
65 29 1615 Sep 07 10:47:18 100 -4754 N -a -1.2123 0.6234 -0.3568 206.5 - -
66 30 1633 Sep 17 18:34:53 74 -4531 N -a -1.2576 0.5404 -0.4399 193.3 - -
67 31 1651 Sep 29 02:31:07 46 -4308 N -a -1.2966 0.4689 -0.5117 180.8 - -
68 32 1669 Oct 09 10:35:58 24 -4085 N -a -1.3293 0.4092 -0.5719 169.5 - -
69 33 1687 Oct 20 18:50:03 10 -3862 N -a -1.3555 0.3615 -0.6201 159.6 - -
70 34 1705 Nov 01 03:12:43 9 -3639 N -a -1.3753 0.3252 -0.6568 151.6 - -
71 35 1723 Nov 12 11:42:32 10 -3416 N -a -1.3902 0.2982 -0.6842 145.2 - -
72 36 1741 Nov 22 20:19:31 12 -3193 N -a -1.3999 0.2804 -0.7021 140.8 - -
73 37 1759 Dec 04 05:01:57 14 -2970 N -a -1.4059 0.2693 -0.7129 137.9 - -
74 38 1777 Dec 14 13:48:58 17 -2747 N -a -1.4087 0.2638 -0.7179 136.2 - -
75 39 1795 Dec 25 22:37:34 15 -2524 N -a -1.4110 0.2591 -0.7215 134.9 - -
76 40 1814 Jan 06 07:28:19 12 -2301 N -a -1.4118 0.2568 -0.7223 134.0 - -
77 41 1832 Jan 17 16:18:15 7 -2078 N -a -1.4135 0.2527 -0.7245 132.8 - -
78 42 1850 Jan 28 01:06:06 7 -1855 N -a -1.4175 0.2442 -0.7305 130.4 - -
79 43 1868 Feb 08 09:49:41 3 -1632 N -a -1.4252 0.2288 -0.7433 126.2 - -
80 44 1886 Feb 18 18:29:01 -6 -1409 N -a -1.4365 0.2064 -0.7627 119.9 - -
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
81 45 1904 Mar 02 03:02:34 3 -1186 N -a -1.4528 0.1748 -0.7910 110.5 - -
82 46 1922 Mar 13 11:28:48 23 -963 N -a -1.4752 0.1320 -0.8304 96.3 - -
83 47 1940 Mar 23 19:48:19 24 -740 N -a -1.5033 0.0788 -0.8803 74.6 - -
84 48 1958 Apr 04 04:00:15 32 -517 Ne -a -1.5380 0.0135 -0.9422 31.0 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
