Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 114

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 114 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0971 May 13. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2233 Jun 22. The total duration of Saros series 114 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  0971 May 13   04:03:35 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  2233 Jun 22   22:22:33 TD

                      Duration of Saros 114  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 114 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 114
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 27 38.0%
PartialP 31 43.7%
TotalT 13 18.3%

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 114 occur in the order of 8N 19P 13T 12P 19N which corresponds to:

                                     8  Penumbral
                                    19  Partial
                                    13  Total
                                    12  Partial
                                    19  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 114 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1584 May 24      Duration = 01h46m05s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1458 Feb 28      Duration = 00h31m16s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1440 Feb 18      Duration = 03h28m46s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1890 Nov 26      Duration = 00h09m46s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1097 Jul 27      Duration = 04h41m21s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2233 Jun 22      Duration = 00h54m46s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 114 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1440 Feb 18      Magnitude = 0.9728
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1890 Nov 26      Magnitude = 0.0017

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 114 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 114

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -34   0971 May 13  04:03:35   1727 -12723   Nb  t-   1.5318  0.0619 -0.9674   73.4    -      -  
 02  -33   0989 May 23  10:53:23   1622 -12500   N   t-   1.4607  0.1935 -0.8379  128.7    -      -  
 03  -32   1007 Jun 03  17:38:22   1522 -12277   N   t-   1.3862  0.3314 -0.7024  167.0    -      -  
 04  -31   1025 Jun 14  00:19:56   1426 -12054   N   t-   1.3095  0.4737 -0.5631  197.7    -      -  
 05  -30   1043 Jun 25  06:59:58   1335 -11831   N   t-   1.2317  0.6181 -0.4222  223.6    -      -  
 06  -29   1061 Jul 05  13:39:56   1249 -11608   N   t-   1.1542  0.7624 -0.2818  245.7    -      -  
 07  -28   1079 Jul 16  20:20:34   1167 -11385   N   t-   1.0775  0.9052 -0.1432  264.9    -      -  
 08  -27   1097 Jul 27  03:04:22   1090 -11162   Nx  t-   1.0037  1.0430 -0.0101  281.3    -      -  
 09  -26   1115 Aug 07  09:52:28   1017 -10939   P   t-   0.9337  1.1739  0.1158  295.4   81.4    -  
 10  -25   1133 Aug 17  16:46:45    948 -10716   P   t-   0.8689  1.2955  0.2323  307.3  113.7    -  

 11  -24   1151 Aug 28  23:46:23    883 -10493   P   t-   0.8086  1.4088  0.3403  317.5  135.7    -  
 12  -23   1169 Sep 08  06:54:28    822 -10270   P   t-   0.7554  1.5090  0.4352  325.9  151.5    -  
 13  -22   1187 Sep 19  14:09:42    766 -10047   P   t-   0.7084  1.5980  0.5189  332.9  163.5    -  
 14  -21   1205 Sep 29  21:33:51    713  -9824   P   t-   0.6688  1.6732  0.5891  338.6  172.6    -  
 15  -20   1223 Oct 11  05:05:11    663  -9601   P   t-   0.6353  1.7372  0.6482  343.3  179.5    -  
 16  -19   1241 Oct 21  12:45:10    616  -9378   P   t-   0.6089  1.7877  0.6944  347.0  184.5    -  
 17  -18   1259 Nov 01  20:31:53    573  -9155   P   t-   0.5883  1.8274  0.7303  349.8  188.3    -  
 18  -17   1277 Nov 12  04:24:08    532  -8932   P   t-   0.5727  1.8577  0.7574  352.0  191.0    -  
 19  -16   1295 Nov 23  12:21:47    495  -8709   P   t-   0.5616  1.8794  0.7765  353.7  192.9    -  
 20  -15   1313 Dec 03  20:22:21    459  -8486   P   t-   0.5534  1.8952  0.7906  354.9  194.3    -  

 21  -14   1331 Dec 15  04:24:50    426  -8263   P   t-   0.5467  1.9081  0.8025  355.8  195.5    -  
 22  -13   1349 Dec 25  12:25:48    395  -8040   P   t-   0.5389  1.9224  0.8167  356.6  196.8    -  
 23  -12   1368 Jan 05  20:26:16    366  -7817   P   t-   0.5309  1.9368  0.8316  357.3  198.1    -  
 24  -11   1386 Jan 16  04:22:29    338  -7594   P   t-   0.5199  1.9563  0.8526  358.1  199.9    -  
 25  -10   1404 Jan 27  12:13:43    312  -7371   P   t-   0.5045  1.9835  0.8819  359.1  202.2    -  
 26  -09   1422 Feb 06  19:58:01    287  -7148   P   t-   0.4834  2.0208  0.9219  360.4  205.2    -  
 27  -08   1440 Feb 18  03:35:32    264  -6925   P   t-   0.4566  2.0685  0.9728  361.9  208.8    -  
 28  -07   1458 Feb 28  11:04:53    242  -6702   T   t-   0.4229  2.1284  1.0365  363.6  212.8   31.3
 29  -06   1476 Mar 10  18:25:12    221  -6479   T   t-   0.3817  2.2019  1.1140  365.5  217.2   53.9
 30  -05   1494 Mar 22  01:37:17    202  -6256   T   t-   0.3334  2.2884  1.2046  367.4  221.7   70.1

 31  -04   1512 Apr 01  08:40:58    183  -6033   T   pp   0.2778  2.3883  1.3087  369.1  225.9   82.9
 32  -03   1530 Apr 12  15:36:23    166  -5810   T+  pp   0.2151  2.5012  1.4260  370.5  229.6   92.9
 33  -02   1548 Apr 22  22:24:51    151  -5587   T+  pp   0.1463  2.6255  1.5543  371.4  232.4  100.3
 34  -01   1566 May 04  05:06:57    138  -5364   T+  pp   0.0717  2.7603  1.6932  371.6  234.1  104.7
 35   00   1584 May 24  11:45:10    126  -5141   T-  pp  -0.0065  2.8780  1.8145  370.9  234.5  106.1
 36   01   1602 Jun 04  18:18:12    116  -4918   T-  pp  -0.0895  2.7239  1.6640  369.2  233.2  104.0
 37   02   1620 Jun 15  00:50:49     93  -4695   T-  pp  -0.1735  2.5683  1.5114  366.5  230.2   97.9
 38   03   1638 Jun 26  07:21:47     66  -4472   T-  pp  -0.2595  2.4091  1.3548  362.6  225.3   86.8
 39   04   1656 Jul 06  13:55:39     40  -4249   T   -t  -0.3437  2.2535  1.2014  357.6  218.6   69.0
 40   05   1674 Jul 17  20:30:10     19  -4026   T   -t  -0.4280  2.0980  1.0478  351.6  209.9   35.2


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 114

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   06   1692 Jul 28  03:10:54      8  -3803   P   -t  -0.5080  1.9505  0.9016  344.7  199.6    -  
 42   07   1710 Aug 09  09:55:48      9  -3580   P   -t  -0.5854  1.8080  0.7601  337.1  187.4    -  
 43   08   1728 Aug 19  16:48:40     10  -3357   P   -t  -0.6569  1.6763  0.6291  329.0  173.8    -  
 44   09   1746 Aug 30  23:48:16     12  -3134   P   -t  -0.7237  1.5537  0.5069  320.5  158.7    -  
 45   10   1764 Sep 10  06:58:27     15  -2911   P   -t  -0.7824  1.4458  0.3992  312.2  142.8    -  
 46   11   1782 Sep 21  14:17:33     17  -2688   P   -t  -0.8348  1.3498  0.3031  304.1  125.9    -  
 47   12   1800 Oct 02  21:46:40     13  -2465   P   -t  -0.8797  1.2673  0.2205  296.5  108.3    -  
 48   13   1818 Oct 14  05:25:27     12  -2242   P   -t  -0.9175  1.1981  0.1512  289.7   90.3    -  
 49   14   1836 Oct 24  13:14:42      5  -2019   P   -t  -0.9472  1.1435  0.0966  283.9   72.5    -  
 50   15   1854 Nov 04  21:12:48      7  -1796   P   -h  -0.9707  1.1004  0.0537  278.9   54.3    -  

 51   16   1872 Nov 15  05:19:37     -2  -1573   P   -h  -0.9876  1.0691  0.0229  275.0   35.5    -  
 52   17   1890 Nov 26  13:33:48     -6  -1350   P   -h  -0.9994  1.0470  0.0017  271.9    9.8    -  
 53   18   1908 Dec 07  21:55:09      9  -1127   Nx  -h  -1.0059  1.0344 -0.0096  269.7    -      -  
 54   19   1926 Dec 19  06:20:07     24   -904   Nx  -a  -1.0101  1.0257 -0.0163  268.0    -      -  
 55   20   1944 Dec 29  14:49:35     27   -681   Nx  -a  -1.0114  1.0220 -0.0176  266.6    -      -  
 56   21   1963 Jan 09  23:19:42     35   -458   Nx  -a  -1.0128  1.0180 -0.0185  265.3    -      -  
 57   22   1981 Jan 20  07:50:48     51   -235   Nx  -a  -1.0141  1.0136 -0.0192  263.8    -      -  
 58   23   1999 Jan 31  16:18:35     63    -12   Nx  -a  -1.0189  1.0027 -0.0258  261.7    -      -  
 59   24   2017 Feb 11  00:45:03     70    211   N   -a  -1.0254  0.9884 -0.0354  259.2    -      -  
 60   25   2035 Feb 22  09:06:12     81    434   N   -a  -1.0367  0.9652 -0.0535  255.7    -      -  

 61   26   2053 Mar 04  17:22:10     99    657   N   -a  -1.0530  0.9323 -0.0808  251.1    -      -  
 62   27   2071 Mar 16  01:31:09    137    880   N   -a  -1.0756  0.8879 -0.1194  245.1    -      -  
 63   28   2089 Mar 26  09:34:14    178   1103   N   -a  -1.1038  0.8332 -0.1681  237.8    -      -  
 64   29   2107 Apr 07  17:30:11    220   1326   N   -a  -1.1382  0.7671 -0.2283  228.7    -      -  
 65   30   2125 Apr 18  01:18:48    264   1549   N   -a  -1.1791  0.6890 -0.3005  217.5    -      -  
 66   31   2143 Apr 29  09:01:22    310   1772   N   -a  -1.2256  0.6009 -0.3830  204.1    -      -  
 67   32   2161 May 09  16:38:03    352   1995   N   -a  -1.2776  0.5027 -0.4757  187.7    -      -  
 68   33   2179 May 21  00:09:10    393   2218   N   -a  -1.3346  0.3956 -0.5778  167.6    -      -  
 69   34   2197 May 31  07:36:04    435   2441   N   -a  -1.3954  0.2817 -0.6871  142.4    -      -  
 70   35   2215 Jun 12  14:59:57    480   2664   N   -a  -1.4594  0.1624 -0.8024  108.9    -      -  

 71   36   2233 Jun 22  22:22:33    526   2887   Ne  -a  -1.5248  0.0404 -0.9208   54.8    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29