The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 114 all occur at the Moons ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0971 May 13. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2233 Jun 22. The total duration of Saros series 114 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0971 May 13 04:03:35 TD Last Eclipse = 2233 Jun 22 22:22:33 TD Duration of Saros 114 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 114 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
Lunar Eclipses of Saros 114 | |||
Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
Penumbral | N | 27 | 38.0% |
Partial | P | 31 | 43.7% |
Total | T | 13 | 18.3% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 114 occur in the order of 8N 19P 13T 12P 19N which corresponds to:
8 Penumbral 19 Partial 13 Total 12 Partial 19 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 114 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1584 May 24 Duration = 01h46m05s Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1458 Feb 28 Duration = 00h31m16s Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1440 Feb 18 Duration = 03h28m46s Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1890 Nov 26 Duration = 00h09m46s Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1097 Jul 27 Duration = 04h41m21s Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2233 Jun 22 Duration = 00h54m46s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 114 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1440 Feb 18 Magnitude = 0.9728 Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1890 Nov 26 Magnitude = 0.0017
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 114 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ---- Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total s m m m 01 -34 0971 May 13 04:03:35 1727 -12723 Nb t- 1.5318 0.0619 -0.9674 73.4 - - 02 -33 0989 May 23 10:53:23 1622 -12500 N t- 1.4607 0.1935 -0.8379 128.7 - - 03 -32 1007 Jun 03 17:38:22 1522 -12277 N t- 1.3862 0.3314 -0.7024 167.0 - - 04 -31 1025 Jun 14 00:19:56 1426 -12054 N t- 1.3095 0.4737 -0.5631 197.7 - - 05 -30 1043 Jun 25 06:59:58 1335 -11831 N t- 1.2317 0.6181 -0.4222 223.6 - - 06 -29 1061 Jul 05 13:39:56 1249 -11608 N t- 1.1542 0.7624 -0.2818 245.7 - - 07 -28 1079 Jul 16 20:20:34 1167 -11385 N t- 1.0775 0.9052 -0.1432 264.9 - - 08 -27 1097 Jul 27 03:04:22 1090 -11162 Nx t- 1.0037 1.0430 -0.0101 281.3 - - 09 -26 1115 Aug 07 09:52:28 1017 -10939 P t- 0.9337 1.1739 0.1158 295.4 81.4 - 10 -25 1133 Aug 17 16:46:45 948 -10716 P t- 0.8689 1.2955 0.2323 307.3 113.7 - 11 -24 1151 Aug 28 23:46:23 883 -10493 P t- 0.8086 1.4088 0.3403 317.5 135.7 - 12 -23 1169 Sep 08 06:54:28 822 -10270 P t- 0.7554 1.5090 0.4352 325.9 151.5 - 13 -22 1187 Sep 19 14:09:42 766 -10047 P t- 0.7084 1.5980 0.5189 332.9 163.5 - 14 -21 1205 Sep 29 21:33:51 713 -9824 P t- 0.6688 1.6732 0.5891 338.6 172.6 - 15 -20 1223 Oct 11 05:05:11 663 -9601 P t- 0.6353 1.7372 0.6482 343.3 179.5 - 16 -19 1241 Oct 21 12:45:10 616 -9378 P t- 0.6089 1.7877 0.6944 347.0 184.5 - 17 -18 1259 Nov 01 20:31:53 573 -9155 P t- 0.5883 1.8274 0.7303 349.8 188.3 - 18 -17 1277 Nov 12 04:24:08 532 -8932 P t- 0.5727 1.8577 0.7574 352.0 191.0 - 19 -16 1295 Nov 23 12:21:47 495 -8709 P t- 0.5616 1.8794 0.7765 353.7 192.9 - 20 -15 1313 Dec 03 20:22:21 459 -8486 P t- 0.5534 1.8952 0.7906 354.9 194.3 - 21 -14 1331 Dec 15 04:24:50 426 -8263 P t- 0.5467 1.9081 0.8025 355.8 195.5 - 22 -13 1349 Dec 25 12:25:48 395 -8040 P t- 0.5389 1.9224 0.8167 356.6 196.8 - 23 -12 1368 Jan 05 20:26:16 366 -7817 P t- 0.5309 1.9368 0.8316 357.3 198.1 - 24 -11 1386 Jan 16 04:22:29 338 -7594 P t- 0.5199 1.9563 0.8526 358.1 199.9 - 25 -10 1404 Jan 27 12:13:43 312 -7371 P t- 0.5045 1.9835 0.8819 359.1 202.2 - 26 -09 1422 Feb 06 19:58:01 287 -7148 P t- 0.4834 2.0208 0.9219 360.4 205.2 - 27 -08 1440 Feb 18 03:35:32 264 -6925 P t- 0.4566 2.0685 0.9728 361.9 208.8 - 28 -07 1458 Feb 28 11:04:53 242 -6702 T t- 0.4229 2.1284 1.0365 363.6 212.8 31.3 29 -06 1476 Mar 10 18:25:12 221 -6479 T t- 0.3817 2.2019 1.1140 365.5 217.2 53.9 30 -05 1494 Mar 22 01:37:17 202 -6256 T t- 0.3334 2.2884 1.2046 367.4 221.7 70.1 31 -04 1512 Apr 01 08:40:58 183 -6033 T pp 0.2778 2.3883 1.3087 369.1 225.9 82.9 32 -03 1530 Apr 12 15:36:23 166 -5810 T+ pp 0.2151 2.5012 1.4260 370.5 229.6 92.9 33 -02 1548 Apr 22 22:24:51 151 -5587 T+ pp 0.1463 2.6255 1.5543 371.4 232.4 100.3 34 -01 1566 May 04 05:06:57 138 -5364 T+ pp 0.0717 2.7603 1.6932 371.6 234.1 104.7 35 00 1584 May 24 11:45:10 126 -5141 T- pp -0.0065 2.8780 1.8145 370.9 234.5 106.1 36 01 1602 Jun 04 18:18:12 116 -4918 T- pp -0.0895 2.7239 1.6640 369.2 233.2 104.0 37 02 1620 Jun 15 00:50:49 93 -4695 T- pp -0.1735 2.5683 1.5114 366.5 230.2 97.9 38 03 1638 Jun 26 07:21:47 66 -4472 T- pp -0.2595 2.4091 1.3548 362.6 225.3 86.8 39 04 1656 Jul 06 13:55:39 40 -4249 T -t -0.3437 2.2535 1.2014 357.6 218.6 69.0 40 05 1674 Jul 17 20:30:10 19 -4026 T -t -0.4280 2.0980 1.0478 351.6 209.9 35.2
TD of Phase Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ---- Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total s m m m 41 06 1692 Jul 28 03:10:54 8 -3803 P -t -0.5080 1.9505 0.9016 344.7 199.6 - 42 07 1710 Aug 09 09:55:48 9 -3580 P -t -0.5854 1.8080 0.7601 337.1 187.4 - 43 08 1728 Aug 19 16:48:40 10 -3357 P -t -0.6569 1.6763 0.6291 329.0 173.8 - 44 09 1746 Aug 30 23:48:16 12 -3134 P -t -0.7237 1.5537 0.5069 320.5 158.7 - 45 10 1764 Sep 10 06:58:27 15 -2911 P -t -0.7824 1.4458 0.3992 312.2 142.8 - 46 11 1782 Sep 21 14:17:33 17 -2688 P -t -0.8348 1.3498 0.3031 304.1 125.9 - 47 12 1800 Oct 02 21:46:40 13 -2465 P -t -0.8797 1.2673 0.2205 296.5 108.3 - 48 13 1818 Oct 14 05:25:27 12 -2242 P -t -0.9175 1.1981 0.1512 289.7 90.3 - 49 14 1836 Oct 24 13:14:42 5 -2019 P -t -0.9472 1.1435 0.0966 283.9 72.5 - 50 15 1854 Nov 04 21:12:48 7 -1796 P -h -0.9707 1.1004 0.0537 278.9 54.3 - 51 16 1872 Nov 15 05:19:37 -2 -1573 P -h -0.9876 1.0691 0.0229 275.0 35.5 - 52 17 1890 Nov 26 13:33:48 -6 -1350 P -h -0.9994 1.0470 0.0017 271.9 9.8 - 53 18 1908 Dec 07 21:55:09 9 -1127 Nx -h -1.0059 1.0344 -0.0096 269.7 - - 54 19 1926 Dec 19 06:20:07 24 -904 Nx -a -1.0101 1.0257 -0.0163 268.0 - - 55 20 1944 Dec 29 14:49:35 27 -681 Nx -a -1.0114 1.0220 -0.0176 266.6 - - 56 21 1963 Jan 09 23:19:42 35 -458 Nx -a -1.0128 1.0180 -0.0185 265.3 - - 57 22 1981 Jan 20 07:50:48 51 -235 Nx -a -1.0141 1.0136 -0.0192 263.8 - - 58 23 1999 Jan 31 16:18:35 63 -12 Nx -a -1.0189 1.0027 -0.0258 261.7 - - 59 24 2017 Feb 11 00:45:03 70 211 N -a -1.0254 0.9884 -0.0354 259.2 - - 60 25 2035 Feb 22 09:06:12 81 434 N -a -1.0367 0.9652 -0.0535 255.7 - - 61 26 2053 Mar 04 17:22:10 99 657 N -a -1.0530 0.9323 -0.0808 251.1 - - 62 27 2071 Mar 16 01:31:09 137 880 N -a -1.0756 0.8879 -0.1194 245.1 - - 63 28 2089 Mar 26 09:34:14 178 1103 N -a -1.1038 0.8332 -0.1681 237.8 - - 64 29 2107 Apr 07 17:30:11 220 1326 N -a -1.1382 0.7671 -0.2283 228.7 - - 65 30 2125 Apr 18 01:18:48 264 1549 N -a -1.1791 0.6890 -0.3005 217.5 - - 66 31 2143 Apr 29 09:01:22 310 1772 N -a -1.2256 0.6009 -0.3830 204.1 - - 67 32 2161 May 09 16:38:03 352 1995 N -a -1.2776 0.5027 -0.4757 187.7 - - 68 33 2179 May 21 00:09:10 393 2218 N -a -1.3346 0.3956 -0.5778 167.6 - - 69 34 2197 May 31 07:36:04 435 2441 N -a -1.3954 0.2817 -0.6871 142.4 - - 70 35 2215 Jun 12 14:59:57 480 2664 N -a -1.4594 0.1624 -0.8024 108.9 - - 71 36 2233 Jun 22 22:22:33 526 2887 Ne -a -1.5248 0.0404 -0.9208 54.8 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"