The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 139 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1658 Dec 09. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 3065 Apr 13. The total duration of Saros series 139 is 1406.35 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1658 Dec 09 20:10:47 TD
Last Eclipse = 3065 Apr 13 05:10:23 TD
Duration of Saros 139 = 1406.35 Years
Saros 139 is composed of 79 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 139 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 79 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 37 | 46.8% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 19.0% |
| Total | T | 27 | 34.2% |
The 79 lunar eclipses in Saros 139 occur in the order of 16N 7P 27T 8P 21N which corresponds to:
16 Penumbral
7 Partial
27 Total
8 Partial
21 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 139 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2199 Nov 02 Duration = 01h42m39s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2542 May 30 Duration = 00h39m26s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2055 Aug 07 Duration = 03h23m23s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1947 Jun 03 Duration = 00h34m42s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1929 May 23 Duration = 04h33m41s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1658 Dec 09 Duration = 00h37m12s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 139 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2055 Aug 07 Magnitude = 0.9594
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1947 Jun 03 Magnitude = 0.0202
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 139 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -32 1658 Dec 09 20:10:47 37 -4219 N t- -1.5784 0.0141 -1.0897 37.2 - -
02 -31 1676 Dec 20 04:11:44 17 -3996 N t- -1.5710 0.0285 -1.0768 52.9 - -
03 -30 1694 Dec 31 12:13:59 8 -3773 N t- -1.5645 0.0405 -1.0653 63.1 - -
04 -29 1713 Jan 11 20:14:55 9 -3550 N t- -1.5569 0.0545 -1.0513 73.0 - -
05 -28 1731 Jan 23 04:14:13 11 -3327 N t- -1.5477 0.0709 -1.0338 83.2 - -
06 -27 1749 Feb 02 12:09:42 13 -3104 N t- -1.5351 0.0931 -1.0100 95.2 - -
07 -26 1767 Feb 13 19:59:03 15 -2881 N t- -1.5174 0.1244 -0.9764 109.6 - -
08 -25 1785 Feb 24 03:42:22 17 -2658 N t- -1.4947 0.1647 -0.9331 125.5 - -
09 -24 1803 Mar 08 11:17:40 13 -2435 N t- -1.4653 0.2167 -0.8776 143.2 - -
10 -23 1821 Mar 18 18:44:59 11 -2212 N t- -1.4293 0.2810 -0.8095 161.8 - -
11 -22 1839 Mar 30 02:03:05 5 -1989 N t- -1.3853 0.3595 -0.7269 181.4 - -
12 -21 1857 Apr 09 09:13:19 7 -1766 N t- -1.3347 0.4503 -0.6318 201.0 - -
13 -20 1875 Apr 20 16:15:23 -3 -1543 N t- -1.2770 0.5540 -0.5238 220.2 - -
14 -19 1893 Apr 30 23:08:58 -6 -1320 N t- -1.2119 0.6713 -0.4023 239.2 - -
15 -18 1911 May 13 05:56:24 12 -1097 N t- -1.1413 0.7987 -0.2706 257.0 - -
16 -17 1929 May 23 12:37:45 24 -874 N t- -1.0650 0.9367 -0.1287 273.7 - -
17 -16 1947 Jun 03 19:15:44 28 -651 P t- -0.9849 1.0818 0.0202 288.9 34.7 -
18 -15 1965 Jun 14 01:49:26 36 -428 P t- -0.9005 1.2351 0.1767 302.7 100.3 -
19 -14 1983 Jun 25 08:23:11 53 -205 P t- -0.8151 1.3901 0.3348 314.7 134.6 -
20 -13 2001 Jul 05 14:56:23 64 18 P t- -0.7287 1.5475 0.4947 325.1 159.3 -
21 -12 2019 Jul 16 21:31:55 71 241 P t- -0.6430 1.7037 0.6531 333.7 177.9 -
22 -11 2037 Jul 27 04:09:53 83 464 P t- -0.5582 1.8584 0.8095 340.8 192.4 -
23 -10 2055 Aug 07 10:53:18 104 687 P t- -0.4769 2.0069 0.9594 346.3 203.4 -
24 -09 2073 Aug 17 17:42:41 143 910 T t- -0.3998 2.1479 1.1013 350.5 211.6 50.1
25 -08 2091 Aug 29 00:38:25 183 1133 T t- -0.3270 2.2810 1.2351 353.4 217.5 72.9
26 -07 2109 Sep 09 07:43:03 226 1356 T- p- -0.2608 2.4024 1.3568 355.2 221.6 85.6
27 -06 2127 Sep 20 14:56:04 270 1579 T- p- -0.2007 2.5126 1.4672 356.2 224.2 93.5
28 -05 2145 Sep 30 22:19:51 317 1802 T- pp -0.1486 2.6083 1.5628 356.5 225.7 98.2
29 -04 2163 Oct 12 05:51:53 358 2025 T- pp -0.1026 2.6927 1.6471 356.3 226.3 100.9
30 -03 2181 Oct 22 13:35:21 398 2248 T- pp -0.0652 2.7613 1.7157 355.7 226.3 102.2
31 -02 2199 Nov 02 21:27:11 441 2471 T- pp -0.0340 2.8187 1.7731 354.9 226.0 102.7
32 -01 2217 Nov 14 05:29:02 486 2694 T- pp -0.0100 2.8624 1.8171 353.9 225.5 102.6
33 00 2235 Nov 25 13:38:16 532 2917 T+ pp 0.0086 2.8647 1.8201 352.8 224.9 102.4
34 01 2253 Dec 05 21:55:59 581 3140 T+ pp 0.0213 2.8410 1.7974 351.6 224.2 102.0
35 02 2271 Dec 17 06:18:50 632 3363 T+ pp 0.0303 2.8236 1.7815 350.4 223.5 101.7
36 03 2289 Dec 27 14:46:24 685 3586 T+ pp 0.0364 2.8113 1.7713 349.1 222.9 101.4
37 04 2308 Jan 08 23:16:24 741 3809 T+ pp 0.0413 2.8010 1.7637 347.8 222.3 101.1
38 05 2326 Jan 19 07:48:32 798 4032 T+ pp 0.0454 2.7918 1.7577 346.4 221.7 100.9
39 06 2344 Jan 30 16:18:41 857 4255 T+ pp 0.0518 2.7782 1.7479 345.0 221.1 100.6
40 07 2362 Feb 10 00:47:27 918 4478 T+ pp 0.0599 2.7611 1.7352 343.5 220.5 100.3
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 08 2380 Feb 21 09:11:43 982 4701 T+ pp 0.0725 2.7355 1.7144 341.9 219.9 99.9
42 09 2398 Mar 03 17:32:53 1047 4924 T+ pp 0.0885 2.7036 1.6877 340.2 219.1 99.2
43 10 2416 Mar 14 01:45:55 1115 5147 T+ pp 0.1118 2.6579 1.6477 338.3 218.2 98.1
44 11 2434 Mar 25 09:54:38 1184 5370 T+ pp 0.1395 2.6043 1.5998 336.3 217.0 96.4
45 12 2452 Apr 04 17:54:43 1256 5593 T+ pp 0.1748 2.5366 1.5380 333.9 215.3 93.7
46 13 2470 Apr 16 01:49:49 1330 5816 T+ -p 0.2150 2.4598 1.4670 331.3 213.2 89.8
47 14 2488 Apr 26 09:36:10 1406 6039 T+ -p 0.2634 2.3681 1.3812 328.1 210.3 83.7
48 15 2506 May 08 17:18:30 1484 6262 T -p 0.3158 2.2691 1.2877 324.5 206.6 75.1
49 16 2524 May 19 00:54:02 1564 6485 T -p 0.3744 2.1589 1.1826 320.3 201.7 61.8
50 17 2542 May 30 08:25:22 1646 6708 T -a 0.4375 2.0408 1.0695 315.3 195.5 39.4
51 18 2560 Jun 09 15:52:08 1730 6931 P -a 0.5047 1.9153 0.9482 309.5 187.8 -
52 19 2578 Jun 20 23:17:05 1816 7154 P -a 0.5741 1.7859 0.8228 302.9 178.4 -
53 20 2596 Jul 01 06:40:09 1904 7377 P -a 0.6457 1.6529 0.6930 295.3 166.9 -
54 21 2614 Jul 13 14:02:30 1994 7600 P -a 0.7183 1.5184 0.5612 286.9 153.0 -
55 22 2632 Jul 23 21:26:01 2087 7823 P -a 0.7902 1.3854 0.4302 277.6 136.4 -
56 23 2650 Aug 04 04:51:39 2181 8046 P -a 0.8606 1.2555 0.3017 267.6 116.2 -
57 24 2668 Aug 14 12:20:04 2278 8269 P -a 0.9290 1.1295 0.1766 256.9 90.3 -
58 25 2686 Aug 25 19:52:22 2377 8492 P -a 0.9946 1.0090 0.0563 245.6 51.8 -
59 26 2704 Sep 06 03:30:17 2477 8715 N -a 1.0559 0.8968 -0.0562 233.9 - -
60 27 2722 Sep 17 11:14:28 2580 8938 N -a 1.1120 0.7941 -0.1596 222.2 - -
61 28 2740 Sep 27 19:04:39 2685 9161 N -a 1.1636 0.7000 -0.2549 210.3 - -
62 29 2758 Oct 09 03:02:58 2792 9384 N -a 1.2090 0.6176 -0.3388 199.0 - -
63 30 2776 Oct 19 11:08:55 2901 9607 N -a 1.2486 0.5458 -0.4124 188.3 - -
64 31 2794 Oct 30 19:23:28 3012 9830 N -a 1.2815 0.4863 -0.4738 178.7 - -
65 32 2812 Nov 10 03:44:37 3125 10053 N -a 1.3094 0.4361 -0.5260 170.0 - -
66 33 2830 Nov 21 12:13:59 3240 10276 N -a 1.3312 0.3973 -0.5668 162.8 - -
67 34 2848 Dec 01 20:49:50 3357 10499 N -a 1.3481 0.3670 -0.5989 156.9 - -
68 35 2866 Dec 13 05:31:19 3477 10722 N -a 1.3610 0.3442 -0.6234 152.3 - -
69 36 2884 Dec 23 14:17:44 3598 10945 N -a 1.3703 0.3280 -0.6410 148.9 - -
70 37 2903 Jan 04 23:07:17 3722 11168 N -a 1.3775 0.3152 -0.6546 146.2 - -
71 38 2921 Jan 15 07:59:27 3847 11391 N -a 1.3825 0.3062 -0.6643 144.3 - -
72 39 2939 Jan 26 16:50:38 3975 11614 N -a 1.3889 0.2946 -0.6760 141.7 - -
73 40 2957 Feb 06 01:42:04 4105 11837 N -a 1.3951 0.2832 -0.6872 139.1 - -
74 41 2975 Feb 17 10:30:03 4236 12060 N -a 1.4045 0.2655 -0.7043 135.0 - -
75 42 2993 Feb 27 19:14:41 4370 12283 N -a 1.4166 0.2428 -0.7260 129.4 - -
76 43 3011 Mar 12 03:52:57 4506 12506 N -a 1.4339 0.2105 -0.7571 120.9 - -
77 44 3029 Mar 22 12:26:16 4644 12729 N -a 1.4553 0.1706 -0.7956 109.3 - -
78 45 3047 Apr 02 20:52:10 4784 12952 N -a 1.4828 0.1193 -0.8454 91.9 - -
79 46 3065 Apr 13 05:10:23 4926 13175 N -a 1.5164 0.0568 -0.9063 63.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
