The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 148 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1973 Jul 15. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3217 Aug 09. The total duration of Saros series 148 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1973 Jul 15 11:39:19 TD
Last Eclipse = 3217 Aug 09 09:38:06 TD
Duration of Saros 148 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 148 is composed of 70 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 148 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 15 | 21.4% |
| Partial | P | 43 | 61.4% |
| Total | T | 12 | 17.1% |
The 70 lunar eclipses in Saros 148 occur in the order of 8N 20P 12T 23P 7N which corresponds to:
8 Penumbral
20 Partial
12 Total
23 Partial
7 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 148 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2568 Jul 10 Duration = 01h44m29s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2676 Sep 14 Duration = 00h26m13s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2460 May 05 Duration = 03h26m01s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3091 May 25 Duration = 00h15m18s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2099 Sep 29 Duration = 04h48m21s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 3217 Aug 09 Duration = 01h26m54s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 148 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2460 May 05 Magnitude = 0.9949
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3091 May 25 Magnitude = 0.0048
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 148 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -33 1973 Jul 15 11:39:19 44 -328 Nb t- 1.5177 0.1046 -0.9581 99.1 - -
02 -32 1991 Jul 26 18:08:50 58 -105 N t- 1.4369 0.2542 -0.8110 152.7 - -
03 -31 2009 Aug 06 00:40:18 66 118 N t- 1.3572 0.4019 -0.6661 189.8 - -
04 -30 2027 Aug 17 07:14:59 76 341 N t- 1.2797 0.5456 -0.5254 218.6 - -
05 -29 2045 Aug 27 13:54:50 89 564 N t- 1.2060 0.6825 -0.3919 241.7 - -
06 -28 2063 Sep 07 20:41:12 121 787 N t- 1.1374 0.8101 -0.2678 260.4 - -
07 -27 2081 Sep 18 03:35:26 161 1010 N t- 1.0747 0.9270 -0.1545 275.7 - -
08 -26 2099 Sep 29 10:36:38 202 1233 Nx t- 1.0174 1.0340 -0.0512 288.3 - -
09 -25 2117 Oct 10 17:47:12 245 1456 P t- 0.9675 1.1274 0.0387 298.5 48.4 -
10 -24 2135 Oct 22 01:06:05 291 1679 P t- 0.9242 1.2085 0.1164 306.6 83.1 -
11 -23 2153 Nov 01 08:34:03 336 1902 P t- 0.8881 1.2763 0.1811 313.0 102.7 -
12 -22 2171 Nov 12 16:10:02 376 2125 P t- 0.8584 1.3323 0.2343 318.0 115.9 -
13 -21 2189 Nov 22 23:54:08 417 2348 P t- 0.8349 1.3765 0.2764 321.7 125.0 -
14 -20 2207 Dec 05 07:45:24 461 2571 P t- 0.8170 1.4102 0.3084 324.3 131.4 -
15 -19 2225 Dec 15 15:41:08 506 2794 P t- 0.8026 1.4370 0.3343 326.2 136.2 -
16 -18 2243 Dec 26 23:42:17 554 3017 P t- 0.7922 1.4562 0.3533 327.5 139.5 -
17 -17 2262 Jan 06 07:45:00 604 3240 P t- 0.7832 1.4725 0.3702 328.3 142.2 -
18 -16 2280 Jan 17 15:49:31 656 3463 P t- 0.7749 1.4871 0.3860 329.0 144.8 -
19 -15 2298 Jan 27 23:51:16 710 3686 P t- 0.7640 1.5060 0.4070 329.8 148.0 -
20 -14 2316 Feb 09 07:52:24 766 3909 P t- 0.7523 1.5260 0.4299 330.5 151.4 -
21 -13 2334 Feb 19 15:48:18 824 4132 P t- 0.7362 1.5538 0.4612 331.6 155.8 -
22 -12 2352 Mar 01 23:39:18 884 4355 P t- 0.7155 1.5898 0.5013 333.1 161.1 -
23 -11 2370 Mar 13 07:22:52 946 4578 P t- 0.6883 1.6373 0.5534 335.2 167.6 -
24 -10 2388 Mar 23 15:00:16 1011 4801 P t- 0.6554 1.6951 0.6163 337.6 174.8 -
25 -09 2406 Apr 03 22:29:30 1077 5024 P t- 0.6153 1.7659 0.6924 340.4 182.5 -
26 -08 2424 Apr 14 05:51:07 1146 5247 P t- 0.5686 1.8490 0.7810 343.5 190.6 -
27 -07 2442 Apr 25 13:05:12 1216 5470 P t- 0.5147 1.9449 0.8825 346.6 198.5 -
28 -06 2460 May 05 20:13:03 1289 5693 P t- 0.4550 2.0519 0.9949 349.6 206.0 -
29 -05 2478 May 17 03:13:38 1364 5916 T t- 0.3883 2.1715 1.1200 352.4 212.9 54.3
30 -04 2496 May 27 10:09:53 1440 6139 T t- 0.3172 2.2994 1.2530 354.6 218.7 75.2
31 -03 2514 Jun 08 17:01:23 1519 6362 T+ p- 0.2410 2.4366 1.3951 356.2 223.3 89.1
32 -02 2532 Jun 18 23:51:43 1600 6585 T+ pp 0.1630 2.5775 1.5405 356.9 226.5 97.9
33 -01 2550 Jun 30 06:38:43 1683 6808 T+ pp 0.0811 2.7258 1.6929 356.8 228.2 103.0
34 00 2568 Jul 10 13:27:45 1768 7031 T- pp -0.0002 2.8724 1.8432 355.8 228.4 104.5
35 01 2586 Jul 21 20:16:47 1855 7254 T- pp -0.0826 2.7194 1.6935 353.8 226.9 102.6
36 02 2604 Aug 02 03:10:29 1944 7477 T- pp -0.1619 2.5726 1.5493 351.0 224.1 97.5
37 03 2622 Aug 13 10:06:08 2036 7700 T- pp -0.2405 2.4273 1.4063 347.3 219.8 88.7
38 04 2640 Aug 23 17:09:19 2129 7923 T -p -0.3138 2.2918 1.2726 343.0 214.5 76.1
39 05 2658 Sep 04 00:17:32 2224 8146 T -p -0.3839 2.1626 1.1447 338.1 208.0 57.7
40 06 2676 Sep 14 07:34:06 2322 8369 T -t -0.4478 2.0448 1.0280 332.9 200.9 26.2
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 07 2694 Sep 25 14:58:03 2421 8592 P -h -0.5063 1.9370 0.9208 327.6 193.3 -
42 08 2712 Oct 06 22:32:13 2523 8815 P -h -0.5570 1.8438 0.8281 322.5 185.7 -
43 09 2730 Oct 18 06:15:28 2627 9038 P -a -0.6012 1.7626 0.7471 317.5 178.3 -
44 10 2748 Oct 28 14:07:40 2733 9261 P -a -0.6389 1.6934 0.6781 312.9 171.3 -
45 11 2766 Nov 08 22:09:29 2840 9484 P -a -0.6694 1.6373 0.6222 308.9 165.1 -
46 12 2784 Nov 19 06:20:13 2950 9707 P -a -0.6931 1.5936 0.5788 305.4 159.9 -
47 13 2802 Nov 30 14:39:15 3062 9930 P -a -0.7109 1.5606 0.5464 302.5 155.7 -
48 14 2820 Dec 10 23:05:01 3176 10153 P -a -0.7238 1.5367 0.5232 300.1 152.5 -
49 15 2838 Dec 22 07:37:16 3292 10376 P -a -0.7322 1.5205 0.5082 298.2 150.3 -
50 16 2857 Jan 01 16:14:14 3411 10599 P -a -0.7373 1.5104 0.4998 296.6 148.8 -
51 17 2875 Jan 13 00:53:41 3531 10822 P -a -0.7410 1.5026 0.4941 295.2 147.7 -
52 18 2893 Jan 23 09:34:59 3653 11045 P -a -0.7436 1.4964 0.4906 293.9 146.9 -
53 19 2911 Feb 04 18:15:58 3778 11268 P -a -0.7469 1.4888 0.4860 292.5 146.0 -
54 20 2929 Feb 15 02:55:11 3904 11491 P -a -0.7522 1.4773 0.4781 290.8 144.6 -
55 21 2947 Feb 26 11:30:31 4033 11714 P -a -0.7613 1.4586 0.4634 288.6 142.4 -
56 22 2965 Mar 08 20:02:09 4163 11937 P -a -0.7738 1.4335 0.4427 286.0 139.3 -
57 23 2983 Mar 20 04:28:31 4296 12160 P -a -0.7910 1.3995 0.4134 282.7 134.9 -
58 24 3001 Mar 31 12:47:55 4431 12383 P -a -0.8146 1.3538 0.3725 278.6 128.6 -
59 25 3019 Apr 11 21:01:06 4568 12606 P -a -0.8438 1.2977 0.3213 273.7 120.1 -
60 26 3037 Apr 22 05:07:11 4707 12829 P -a -0.8796 1.2296 0.2582 267.6 108.4 -
61 27 3055 May 03 13:07:16 4848 13052 P -a -0.9207 1.1517 0.1850 260.4 92.6 -
62 28 3073 May 13 20:59:30 4991 13275 P -a -0.9688 1.0612 0.0991 251.7 68.5 -
63 29 3091 May 25 04:47:08 5136 13498 P -a -1.0213 0.9627 0.0048 241.7 15.3 -
64 30 3109 Jun 05 12:28:40 5283 13721 N -a -1.0794 0.8541 -0.1000 229.6 - -
65 31 3127 Jun 16 20:05:50 5432 13944 N -a -1.1415 0.7385 -0.2122 215.6 - -
66 32 3145 Jun 27 03:38:46 5584 14167 N -a -1.2073 0.6164 -0.3315 199.0 - -
67 33 3163 Jul 08 11:09:48 5737 14390 N -a -1.2749 0.4911 -0.4546 179.5 - -
68 34 3181 Jul 18 18:39:22 5893 14613 N -a -1.3440 0.3635 -0.5805 156.1 - -
69 35 3199 Jul 30 02:08:02 6050 14836 N -a -1.4140 0.2346 -0.7084 126.8 - -
70 36 3217 Aug 09 09:38:06 6210 15059 N -a -1.4829 0.1079 -0.8347 86.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
