The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 157 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2306 Mar 01. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 3604 Apr 27. The total duration of Saros series 157 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2306 Mar 01 13:42:55 TD
Last Eclipse = 3604 Apr 27 09:28:09 TD
Duration of Saros 157 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 157 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 157 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 33 | 45.2% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 19.2% |
| Total | T | 26 | 35.6% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 157 occur in the order of 11N 6P 26T 8P 22N which corresponds to:
11 Penumbral
6 Partial
26 Total
8 Partial
22 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 157 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2792 Dec 20 Duration = 01h44m12s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2612 Sep 02 Duration = 00h12m00s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2594 Aug 22 Duration = 03h20m44s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3207 Aug 29 Duration = 00h46m24s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2486 Jun 17 Duration = 04h43m04s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2306 Mar 01 Duration = 00h47m30s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 157 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3081 Jun 13 Magnitude = 0.9632
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3207 Aug 29 Magnitude = 0.0417
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 157 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -29 2306 Mar 01 13:42:55 735 3786 N t- -1.5675 0.0238 -1.0597 47.5 - -
02 -28 2324 Mar 11 21:29:30 792 4009 N t- -1.5451 0.0645 -1.0182 78.0 - -
03 -27 2342 Mar 23 05:08:18 851 4232 N t- -1.5166 0.1161 -0.9654 104.3 - -
04 -26 2360 Apr 02 12:35:50 912 4455 N t- -1.4797 0.1831 -0.8970 130.4 - -
05 -25 2378 Apr 13 19:55:16 975 4678 N t- -1.4366 0.2615 -0.8170 154.9 - -
06 -24 2396 Apr 24 03:03:43 1040 4901 N t- -1.3852 0.3549 -0.7219 179.1 - -
07 -23 2414 May 05 10:04:13 1108 5124 N t- -1.3275 0.4600 -0.6152 202.2 - -
08 -22 2432 May 15 16:54:29 1177 5347 N t- -1.2616 0.5802 -0.4934 224.6 - -
09 -21 2450 May 26 23:38:32 1249 5570 N t- -1.1906 0.7097 -0.3626 245.5 - -
10 -20 2468 Jun 06 06:15:13 1322 5793 N t- -1.1139 0.8499 -0.2213 265.1 - -
11 -19 2486 Jun 17 12:46:55 1398 6016 N t- -1.0329 0.9982 -0.0722 283.1 - -
12 -18 2504 Jun 28 19:14:33 1475 6239 P t- -0.9484 1.1530 0.0831 299.4 70.5 -
13 -17 2522 Jul 10 01:40:39 1555 6462 P t- -0.8624 1.3106 0.2409 313.8 117.4 -
14 -16 2540 Jul 20 08:06:21 1637 6685 P t- -0.7756 1.4701 0.4001 326.4 147.7 -
15 -15 2558 Jul 31 14:32:26 1721 6908 P t- -0.6888 1.6296 0.5590 337.3 170.3 -
16 -14 2576 Aug 10 21:01:26 1807 7131 P t- -0.6042 1.7854 0.7139 346.4 187.5 -
17 -13 2594 Aug 22 03:34:22 1895 7354 P t- -0.5225 1.9360 0.8632 353.8 200.7 -
18 -12 2612 Sep 02 10:12:37 1985 7577 T t- -0.4447 2.0795 1.0052 359.8 210.9 12.0
19 -11 2630 Sep 13 16:57:18 2077 7800 T t- -0.3718 2.2141 1.1381 364.3 218.5 59.0
20 -10 2648 Sep 23 23:50:09 2172 8023 T t- -0.3051 2.3373 1.2595 367.7 223.9 77.4
21 -09 2666 Oct 05 06:52:02 2268 8246 T- pp -0.2457 2.4473 1.3675 370.1 227.7 88.3
22 -08 2684 Oct 15 14:01:43 2366 8469 T- pp -0.1924 2.5462 1.4645 371.6 230.3 95.2
23 -07 2702 Oct 27 21:21:47 2467 8692 T- pp -0.1470 2.6304 1.5467 372.5 231.8 99.4
24 -06 2720 Nov 07 04:50:33 2569 8915 T- pp -0.1083 2.7023 1.6171 372.9 232.6 102.0
25 -05 2738 Nov 18 12:29:42 2674 9138 T- pp -0.0776 2.7593 1.6726 372.9 232.9 103.3
26 -04 2756 Nov 28 20:15:29 2781 9361 T- pp -0.0519 2.8069 1.7193 372.7 232.8 104.0
27 -03 2774 Dec 10 04:10:47 2889 9584 T- pp -0.0334 2.8411 1.7531 372.2 232.6 104.2
28 -02 2792 Dec 20 12:11:32 3000 9807 T- pp -0.0186 2.8682 1.7803 371.6 232.3 104.2
29 -01 2810 Dec 31 20:18:19 3113 10030 T- pp -0.0081 2.8870 1.8000 370.8 231.9 104.1
30 00 2829 Jan 11 04:27:25 3228 10253 T+ pp 0.0011 2.8992 1.8136 369.9 231.5 104.0
31 01 2847 Jan 22 12:39:37 3345 10476 T+ pp 0.0084 2.8845 1.8011 368.8 231.1 103.9
32 02 2865 Feb 01 20:51:00 3464 10699 T+ pp 0.0170 2.8673 1.7868 367.7 230.6 103.7
33 03 2883 Feb 13 05:01:07 3586 10922 T+ pp 0.0274 2.8464 1.7695 366.4 230.2 103.5
34 04 2901 Feb 24 13:07:56 3709 11145 T+ pp 0.0412 2.8191 1.7463 365.0 229.6 103.2
35 05 2919 Mar 07 21:11:15 3834 11368 T+ pp 0.0585 2.7849 1.7170 363.4 229.0 102.8
36 06 2937 Mar 18 05:07:34 3962 11591 T+ pp 0.0821 2.7389 1.6762 361.6 228.2 101.9
37 07 2955 Mar 29 12:58:25 4091 11814 T+ pp 0.1108 2.6835 1.6265 359.6 227.1 100.5
38 08 2973 Apr 08 20:41:47 4223 12037 T+ pp 0.1463 2.6152 1.5642 357.3 225.6 98.1
39 09 2991 Apr 20 04:19:45 4356 12260 T+ pp 0.1872 2.5370 1.4921 354.6 223.6 94.5
40 10 3009 May 01 11:48:35 4492 12483 T+ pp 0.2363 2.4439 1.4052 351.3 220.7 88.7
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 11 3027 May 12 19:13:06 4630 12706 T -p 0.2897 2.3429 1.3102 347.5 217.0 80.3
42 12 3045 May 23 02:30:11 4770 12929 T -p 0.3497 2.2297 1.2030 342.9 211.9 67.3
43 13 3063 Jun 03 09:43:41 4912 13152 T -t 0.4137 2.1094 1.0885 337.6 205.6 46.0
44 14 3081 Jun 13 16:51:18 5056 13375 P -t 0.4834 1.9788 0.9632 331.2 197.4 -
45 15 3099 Jun 24 23:57:56 5202 13598 P -t 0.5548 1.8453 0.8347 324.0 187.4 -
46 16 3117 Jul 06 07:01:50 5350 13821 P -t 0.6288 1.7072 0.7011 315.7 175.2 -
47 17 3135 Jul 17 14:05:45 5500 14044 P -t 0.7037 1.5677 0.5656 306.4 160.3 -
48 18 3153 Jul 27 21:10:03 5652 14267 P -t 0.7789 1.4280 0.4294 296.1 142.2 -
49 19 3171 Aug 08 04:17:16 5807 14490 P -h 0.8523 1.2918 0.2963 284.9 120.1 -
50 20 3189 Aug 18 11:27:46 5963 14713 P -h 0.9236 1.1598 0.1667 272.8 91.5 -
51 21 3207 Aug 29 18:42:12 6122 14936 P -h 0.9922 1.0328 0.0417 260.1 46.4 -
52 22 3225 Sep 09 02:02:56 6282 15159 N -h 1.0562 0.9148 -0.0750 247.0 - -
53 23 3243 Sep 20 09:29:56 6445 15382 N -a 1.1156 0.8053 -0.1834 233.6 - -
54 24 3261 Sep 30 17:04:43 6610 15605 N -a 1.1693 0.7064 -0.2817 220.2 - -
55 25 3279 Oct 12 00:47:02 6776 15828 N -a 1.2175 0.6177 -0.3701 207.2 - -
56 26 3297 Oct 22 08:38:58 6945 16051 N -a 1.2588 0.5420 -0.4458 194.9 - -
57 27 3315 Nov 03 16:39:19 7116 16274 N -a 1.2938 0.4778 -0.5101 183.7 - -
58 28 3333 Nov 14 00:47:59 7289 16497 N -a 1.3229 0.4245 -0.5637 173.5 - -
59 29 3351 Nov 25 09:05:07 7464 16720 N -a 1.3461 0.3821 -0.6062 164.9 - -
60 30 3369 Dec 05 17:30:31 7641 16943 N -a 1.3635 0.3501 -0.6383 158.0 - -
61 31 3387 Dec 17 02:02:35 7821 17166 N -a 1.3762 0.3268 -0.6615 152.6 - -
62 32 3405 Dec 28 10:40:14 8002 17389 N -a 1.3851 0.3102 -0.6776 148.6 - -
63 33 3424 Jan 08 19:22:35 8185 17612 N -a 1.3910 0.2990 -0.6881 145.7 - -
64 34 3442 Jan 19 04:08:54 8371 17835 N -a 1.3946 0.2919 -0.6940 143.7 - -
65 35 3460 Jan 30 12:55:44 8558 18058 N -a 1.3982 0.2844 -0.6998 141.7 - -
66 36 3478 Feb 09 21:43:30 8748 18281 N -a 1.4016 0.2772 -0.7050 139.7 - -
67 37 3496 Feb 21 06:28:57 8940 18504 N -a 1.4074 0.2653 -0.7144 136.5 - -
68 38 3514 Mar 04 15:12:51 9133 18727 N -a 1.4148 0.2503 -0.7266 132.5 - -
69 39 3532 Mar 14 23:50:47 9329 18950 N -a 1.4276 0.2252 -0.7485 125.7 - -
70 40 3550 Mar 26 08:25:32 9527 19173 N -a 1.4433 0.1945 -0.7757 116.9 - -
71 41 3568 Apr 05 16:52:54 9727 19396 N -a 1.4654 0.1522 -0.8143 103.6 - -
72 42 3586 Apr 17 01:14:43 9929 19619 N -a 1.4923 0.1009 -0.8620 84.6 - -
73 43 3604 Apr 27 09:28:09 10133 19842 Ne -a 1.5262 0.0368 -0.9224 51.3 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
