Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 176

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 176 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2747 Dec 09. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 4154 Apr 11. The total duration of Saros series 176 is 1406.35 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  2747 Dec 09   01:24:50 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  4154 Apr 11   21:33:08 TD

                      Duration of Saros 176  =  1406.35 Years

Saros 176 is composed of 79 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 176
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 79100.0%
PenumbralN 37 46.8%
PartialP 14 17.7%
TotalT 28 35.4%

The 79 lunar eclipses in Saros 176 occur in the order of 18N 6P 28T 8P 19N which corresponds to:

                                    18  Penumbral
                                     6  Partial
                                    28  Total
                                     8  Partial
                                    19  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 176 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    3324 Nov 23      Duration = 01h40m38s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    3180 Aug 27      Duration = 00h27m44s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3162 Aug 17      Duration = 03h11m54s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3811 Sep 16      Duration = 00h42m27s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    3054 Jun 12      Duration = 04h33m28s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2747 Dec 09      Duration = 01h01m31s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 176 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3685 Jun 30      Magnitude = 0.9430
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3811 Sep 16      Magnitude = 0.0384

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 176 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 176

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -33   2747 Dec 09  01:24:50   2727   9250   N   t-   1.5632  0.0390 -1.0588   61.5    -      -  
 02  -32   2765 Dec 19  09:20:56   2835   9473   N   t-   1.5466  0.0698 -1.0288   82.1    -      -  
 03  -31   2783 Dec 30  17:20:31   2945   9696   N   t-   1.5323  0.0959 -1.0027   95.9    -      -  
 04  -30   2802 Jan 10  01:25:15   3057   9919   N   t-   1.5217  0.1152 -0.9828  104.7    -      -  
 05  -29   2820 Jan 21  09:30:50   3171  10142   N   t-   1.5117  0.1328 -0.9639  112.1    -      -  
 06  -28   2838 Jan 31  17:37:23   3287  10365   N   t-   1.5016  0.1502 -0.9442  118.8    -      -  
 07  -27   2856 Feb 12  01:40:49   3405  10588   N   t-   1.4886  0.1726 -0.9190  126.8    -      -  
 08  -26   2874 Feb 22  09:42:48   3525  10811   N   t-   1.4739  0.1979 -0.8901  135.1    -      -  
 09  -25   2892 Mar 04  17:39:19   3647  11034   N   t-   1.4542  0.2318 -0.8520  145.3    -      -  
 10  -24   2910 Mar 17  01:30:26   3772  11257   N   t-   1.4298  0.2742 -0.8049  157.0    -      -  

 11  -23   2928 Mar 27  09:14:32   3898  11480   N   t-   1.3992  0.3278 -0.7462  170.2    -      -  
 12  -22   2946 Apr 07  16:52:13   4026  11703   N   t-   1.3626  0.3922 -0.6763  184.4    -      -  
 13  -21   2964 Apr 18  00:21:54   4157  11926   N   t-   1.3188  0.4696 -0.5932  199.6    -      -  
 14  -20   2982 Apr 29  07:44:37   4290  12149   N   t-   1.2686  0.5588 -0.4982  215.1    -      -  
 15  -19   3000 May 10  15:00:16   4424  12372   N   t-   1.2117  0.6604 -0.3907  230.6    -      -  
 16  -18   3018 May 21  22:10:31   4561  12595   N   t-   1.1493  0.7719 -0.2736  245.5    -      -  
 17  -17   3036 Jun 01  05:13:45   4700  12818   N   t-   1.0801  0.8962 -0.1438  260.1    -      -  
 18  -16   3054 Jun 12  12:14:13   4841  13041   Nx  t-   1.0074  1.0269 -0.0079  273.5    -      -  
 19  -15   3072 Jun 22  19:10:11   4984  13264   P   t-   0.9297  1.1671  0.1373  285.9   86.3    -  
 20  -14   3090 Jul 04  02:06:14   5129  13487   P   t-   0.8509  1.3095  0.2841  296.8  121.2    -  

 21  -13   3108 Jul 15  08:59:25   5276  13710   P   h-   0.7684  1.4588  0.4374  306.7  146.5    -  
 22  -12   3126 Jul 26  15:55:45   5425  13933   P   h-   0.6872  1.6059  0.5881  314.8  165.4    -  
 23  -11   3144 Aug 05  22:52:13   5576  14156   P   h-   0.6048  1.7556  0.7408  321.8  180.4    -  
 24  -10   3162 Aug 17  05:53:32   5730  14379   P   h-   0.5255  1.8998  0.8876  327.3  191.9    -  
 25  -09   3180 Aug 27  12:57:54   5885  14602   T   a-   0.4477  2.0415  1.0314  331.7  200.9   27.7
 26  -08   3198 Sep 07  20:09:58   6042  14825   T   a-   0.3753  2.1736  1.1651  334.8  207.4   60.8
 27  -07   3216 Sep 18  03:27:52   6202  15048   T   a-   0.3067  2.2989  1.2916  336.9  212.2   77.2
 28  -06   3234 Sep 29  10:53:52   6364  15271   T+  p-   0.2439  2.4136  1.4072  338.2  215.4   87.2
 29  -05   3252 Oct 09  18:27:56   6527  15494   T+  p-   0.1871  2.5176  1.5117  338.8  217.5   93.4
 30  -04   3270 Oct 21  02:11:21   6693  15717   T+  p-   0.1375  2.6084  1.6028  338.8  218.6   97.2

 31  -03   3288 Oct 31  10:03:42   6861  15940   T+  p-   0.0944  2.6875  1.6821  338.5  219.0   99.3
 32  -02   3306 Nov 12  18:04:45   7031  16163   T+  pp   0.0578  2.7545  1.7492  337.8  218.9  100.3
 33  -01   3324 Nov 23  02:15:05   7203  16386   T+  pp   0.0281  2.8090  1.8038  337.0  218.6  100.6
 34   00   3342 Dec 04  10:33:36   7377  16609   T+  pp   0.0047  2.8518  1.8470  336.1  218.0  100.5
 35   01   3360 Dec 14  18:59:27   7553  16832   T-  pp  -0.0133  2.8358  1.8315  335.1  217.5  100.3
 36   02   3378 Dec 26  03:31:55   7731  17055   T-  pp  -0.0262  2.8116  1.8082  334.1  216.9   99.9
 37   03   3397 Jan 05  12:09:22   7911  17278   T-  pp  -0.0357  2.7936  1.7914  333.1  216.3   99.6
 38   04   3415 Jan 17  20:50:42   8094  17501   T-  pp  -0.0423  2.7806  1.7800  332.1  215.8   99.3
 39   05   3433 Jan 28  05:33:07   8278  17724   T-  pp  -0.0486  2.7680  1.7695  331.1  215.3   99.0
 40   06   3451 Feb 08  14:17:04   8465  17947   T-  pp  -0.0539  2.7569  1.7611  330.0  214.8   98.8


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 176

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   07   3469 Feb 18  22:59:34   8653  18170   T-  pp  -0.0606  2.7432  1.7504  329.0  214.3   98.6
 42   08   3487 Mar 02  07:39:42   8844  18393   T-  pp  -0.0698  2.7245  1.7353  327.8  213.9   98.2
 43   09   3505 Mar 13  16:15:19   9037  18616   T-  pp  -0.0831  2.6981  1.7126  326.7  213.4   97.7
 44   10   3523 Mar 25  00:46:37   9231  18839   T-  pp  -0.1004  2.6643  1.6830  325.4  212.7   97.0
 45   11   3541 Apr 04  09:12:15   9428  19062   T-  -p  -0.1228  2.6209  1.6440  324.0  212.0   95.9
 46   12   3559 Apr 15  17:30:48   9627  19285   T-  -p  -0.1515  2.5660  1.5936  322.5  210.9   94.1
 47   13   3577 Apr 26  01:43:13   9828  19508   T-  -p  -0.1858  2.5008  1.5329  320.7  209.5   91.5
 48   14   3595 May 07  09:48:30  10031  19731   T-  -p  -0.2268  2.4234  1.4599  318.6  207.5   87.5
 49   15   3613 May 17  17:47:37  10236  19954   T   -p  -0.2733  2.3360  1.3766  316.1  204.9   81.6
 50   16   3631 May 29  01:39:22  10443  20177   T   -p  -0.3264  2.2366  1.2812  313.2  201.4   72.9

 51   17   3649 Jun 08  09:26:16  10653  20400   T   -p  -0.3840  2.1290  1.1772  309.6  196.8   59.8
 52   18   3667 Jun 19  17:07:54  10864  20623   T   -a  -0.4465  2.0127  1.0640  305.3  191.0   37.2
 53   19   3685 Jun 30  00:44:59  11078  20846   P   -a  -0.5132  1.8890  0.9430  300.3  183.6    -  
 54   20   3703 Jul 12  08:19:07  11293  21069   P   -a  -0.5826  1.7607  0.8167  294.4  174.6    -  
 55   21   3721 Jul 22  15:50:55  11511  21292   P   -a  -0.6542  1.6286  0.6860  287.5  163.4    -  
 56   22   3739 Aug 02  23:22:25  11730  21515   P   -a  -0.7260  1.4963  0.5546  279.9  149.9    -  
 57   23   3757 Aug 13  06:52:40  11952  21738   P   -a  -0.7990  1.3623  0.4208  271.2  133.2    -  
 58   24   3775 Aug 24  14:25:10  12176  21961   P   -a  -0.8701  1.2319  0.2901  261.7  112.7    -  
 59   25   3793 Sep 03  21:59:16  12402  22184   P   -a  -0.9401  1.1041  0.1613  251.4   85.6    -  
 60   26   3811 Sep 16  05:37:11  12630  22407   P   -a  -1.0067  0.9827  0.0384  240.4   42.5    -  

 61   27   3829 Sep 26  13:18:54  12859  22630   N   -a  -1.0701  0.8674 -0.0790  228.8    -      -  
 62   28   3847 Oct 07  21:06:44  13092  22853   N   -a  -1.1284  0.7616 -0.1873  216.9    -      -  
 63   29   3865 Oct 18  05:00:38  13326  23076   N   -a  -1.1817  0.6653 -0.2866  204.9    -      -  
 64   30   3883 Oct 29  13:00:31  13562  23299   N   -a  -1.2302  0.5779 -0.3772  192.9    -      -  
 65   31   3901 Nov 09  21:07:55  13800  23522   N   -a  -1.2725  0.5021 -0.4564  181.4    -      -  
 66   32   3919 Nov 21  05:22:03  14041  23745   N   -a  -1.3090  0.4369 -0.5252  170.6    -      -  
 67   33   3937 Dec 01  13:44:03  14283  23968   N   -a  -1.3394  0.3830 -0.5827  160.8    -      -  
 68   34   3955 Dec 12  22:11:08  14527  24191   N   -a  -1.3655  0.3369 -0.6324  151.7    -      -  
 69   35   3973 Dec 23  06:45:44  14774  24414   N   -a  -1.3854  0.3020 -0.6707  144.4    -      -  
 70   36   3992 Jan 03  15:24:23  15023  24637   N   -a  -1.4019  0.2733 -0.7025  138.0    -      -  

 71   37   4010 Jan 14  00:08:07  15273  24860   N   -a  -1.4141  0.2523 -0.7263  133.1    -      -  
 72   38   4028 Jan 25  08:53:30  15526  25083   N   -a  -1.4249  0.2338 -0.7472  128.7    -      -  
 73   39   4046 Feb 04  17:41:23  15781  25306   N   -a  -1.4335  0.2190 -0.7640  124.9    -      -  
 74   40   4064 Feb 16  02:28:14  16038  25529   N   -a  -1.4427  0.2030 -0.7817  120.7    -      -  
 75   41   4082 Feb 26  11:13:50  16297  25752   N   -a  -1.4527  0.1853 -0.8006  115.7    -      -  
 76   42   4100 Mar 09  19:56:03  16558  25975   N   -a  -1.4651  0.1628 -0.8238  108.9    -      -  
 77   43   4118 Mar 21  04:34:51  16821  26198   N   -a  -1.4800  0.1356 -0.8514   99.9    -      -  
 78   44   4136 Mar 31  13:06:55  17087  26421   N   -a  -1.5003  0.0985 -0.8887   85.6    -      -  
 79   45   4154 Apr 11  21:33:08  17354  26644   N   -a  -1.5251  0.0530 -0.9341   63.2    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to: Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Return to: Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses

2009 Sep 29