The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 180 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2827 Aug 28. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 4089 Oct 03. The total duration of Saros series 180 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2827 Aug 28 01:05:38 TD
Last Eclipse = 4089 Oct 03 04:44:40 TD
Duration of Saros 180 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 180 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 180 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 26 | 36.6% |
| Partial | P | 19 | 26.8% |
| Total | T | 26 | 36.6% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 180 occur in the order of 19N 11P 26T 8P 7N which corresponds to:
19 Penumbral
11 Partial
26 Total
8 Partial
7 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 180 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 3476 Sep 26 Duration = 01h40m06s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 3819 Apr 23 Duration = 00h18m13s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3837 May 04 Duration = 03h15m14s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3170 Mar 24 Duration = 00h39m26s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 3981 Jul 30 Duration = 04h28m55s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2827 Aug 28 Duration = 01h02m51s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 180 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3350 Jul 12 Magnitude = 0.9662
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3170 Mar 24 Magnitude = 0.0331
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 180 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -36 2827 Aug 28 01:05:38 3219 10236 Nb a- 1.5211 0.0524 -0.9188 62.9 - -
02 -35 2845 Sep 07 08:36:34 3336 10459 N a- 1.4529 0.1771 -0.7934 113.9 - -
03 -34 2863 Sep 18 16:14:38 3455 10682 N a- 1.3899 0.2926 -0.6776 144.5 - -
04 -33 2881 Sep 28 23:59:38 3576 10905 N a- 1.3318 0.3992 -0.5711 166.7 - -
05 -32 2899 Oct 10 07:53:10 3699 11128 N a- 1.2802 0.4941 -0.4766 183.4 - -
06 -31 2917 Oct 21 15:55:02 3825 11351 N a- 1.2349 0.5776 -0.3938 196.3 - -
07 -30 2935 Nov 02 00:04:20 3952 11574 N a- 1.1953 0.6506 -0.3215 206.5 - -
08 -29 2953 Nov 12 08:22:40 4081 11797 N a- 1.1629 0.7106 -0.2625 214.1 - -
09 -28 2971 Nov 23 16:48:05 4213 12020 N a- 1.1363 0.7597 -0.2142 219.9 - -
10 -27 2989 Dec 04 01:21:19 4346 12243 N a- 1.1157 0.7979 -0.1767 224.2 - -
11 -26 3007 Dec 16 09:59:24 4482 12466 N a- 1.0991 0.8285 -0.1465 227.4 - -
12 -25 3025 Dec 26 18:43:57 4619 12689 N a- 1.0876 0.8498 -0.1255 229.5 - -
13 -24 3044 Jan 07 03:31:24 4759 12912 N a- 1.0785 0.8664 -0.1087 231.1 - -
14 -23 3062 Jan 17 12:21:56 4901 13135 N a- 1.0719 0.8782 -0.0963 232.1 - -
15 -22 3080 Jan 28 21:12:40 5045 13358 N a- 1.0655 0.8894 -0.0840 233.0 - -
16 -21 3098 Feb 08 06:03:34 5190 13581 N a- 1.0591 0.9004 -0.0716 233.9 - -
17 -20 3116 Feb 20 14:51:23 5338 13804 N a- 1.0504 0.9155 -0.0547 235.2 - -
18 -19 3134 Mar 02 23:36:02 5489 14027 N a- 1.0390 0.9353 -0.0328 237.0 - -
19 -18 3152 Mar 13 08:15:22 5641 14250 N a- 1.0236 0.9624 -0.0032 239.5 - -
20 -17 3170 Mar 24 16:50:03 5795 14473 P a- 1.0045 0.9962 0.0331 242.6 39.4 -
21 -16 3188 Apr 04 01:16:17 5951 14696 P a- 0.9785 1.0425 0.0822 246.8 61.7 -
22 -15 3206 Apr 15 09:36:39 6109 14919 P a- 0.9477 1.0976 0.1400 251.5 79.9 -
23 -14 3224 Apr 25 17:48:14 6270 15142 P a- 0.9099 1.1657 0.2108 257.1 97.1 -
24 -13 3242 May 07 01:54:13 6432 15365 P a- 0.8676 1.2420 0.2896 263.1 112.6 -
25 -12 3260 May 17 09:50:31 6597 15588 P a- 0.8174 1.3329 0.3827 269.7 127.7 -
26 -11 3278 May 28 17:42:21 6764 15811 P a- 0.7636 1.4309 0.4825 276.3 141.4 -
27 -10 3296 Jun 08 01:26:16 6932 16034 P a- 0.7029 1.5415 0.5945 283.1 154.3 -
28 -09 3314 Jun 20 09:06:38 7103 16257 P a- 0.6395 1.6574 0.7113 289.6 165.8 -
29 -08 3332 Jun 30 16:40:18 7276 16480 P a- 0.5705 1.7838 0.8380 296.0 176.4 -
30 -07 3350 Jul 12 00:12:40 7451 16703 P a- 0.5006 1.9122 0.9662 301.7 185.5 -
31 -06 3368 Jul 22 07:41:23 7628 16926 T a- 0.4275 2.0466 1.0997 307.0 193.4 46.0
32 -05 3386 Aug 02 15:09:33 7807 17149 T p- 0.3542 2.1819 1.2335 311.6 199.9 67.7
33 -04 3404 Aug 13 22:37:05 7988 17372 T p- 0.2807 2.3179 1.3674 315.5 205.1 81.2
34 -03 3422 Aug 25 06:06:28 8171 17595 T+ p- 0.2089 2.4509 1.4978 318.7 209.0 90.1
35 -02 3440 Sep 04 13:38:02 8357 17818 T+ pp 0.1396 2.5799 1.6235 321.3 211.8 95.7
36 -01 3458 Sep 15 21:12:14 8544 18041 T+ pp 0.0728 2.7042 1.7441 323.2 213.6 98.9
37 00 3476 Sep 26 04:51:09 8733 18264 T+ pp 0.0105 2.8207 1.8563 324.7 214.4 100.1
38 01 3494 Oct 07 12:34:58 8925 18487 T- pp -0.0473 2.7556 1.7866 325.7 214.6 99.6
39 02 3512 Oct 18 20:24:25 9118 18710 T- -p -0.0995 2.6622 1.6883 326.4 214.1 97.9
40 03 3530 Oct 30 04:20:13 9314 18933 T- -p -0.1460 2.5794 1.6004 326.9 213.2 95.3
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 04 3548 Nov 09 12:23:05 9512 19156 T- -p -0.1859 2.5089 1.5246 327.3 212.2 92.0
42 05 3566 Nov 20 20:32:58 9712 19379 T- -p -0.2195 2.4498 1.4603 327.6 211.1 88.6
43 06 3584 Dec 01 04:48:31 9913 19602 T- -p -0.2479 2.4004 1.4057 328.0 210.0 85.0
44 07 3602 Dec 12 13:10:50 10117 19825 T- -p -0.2701 2.3621 1.3625 328.6 209.1 81.8
45 08 3620 Dec 22 21:38:32 10323 20048 T -p -0.2870 2.3335 1.3292 329.2 208.4 79.0
46 09 3639 Jan 03 06:10:42 10531 20271 T -p -0.3000 2.3118 1.3032 330.0 208.0 76.7
47 10 3657 Jan 13 14:45:31 10742 20494 T -p -0.3102 2.2951 1.2826 330.8 207.7 74.7
48 11 3675 Jan 24 23:22:29 10954 20717 T -p -0.3180 2.2824 1.2666 331.7 207.6 73.1
49 12 3693 Feb 04 08:00:05 11168 20940 T -p -0.3246 2.2717 1.2530 332.6 207.5 71.7
50 13 3711 Feb 16 16:35:29 11384 21163 T -p -0.3324 2.2587 1.2377 333.3 207.4 70.0
51 14 3729 Feb 27 01:08:44 11603 21386 T -p -0.3413 2.2433 1.2204 334.0 207.2 68.0
52 15 3747 Mar 10 09:36:46 11823 21609 T -p -0.3539 2.2208 1.1966 334.5 206.8 64.9
53 16 3765 Mar 20 17:59:51 12046 21832 T -a -0.3698 2.1920 1.1668 334.7 206.0 60.5
54 17 3783 Apr 01 02:14:32 12271 22055 T -a -0.3921 2.1516 1.1257 334.6 204.5 53.4
55 18 3801 Apr 12 10:22:36 12497 22278 T -a -0.4190 2.1024 1.0761 334.0 202.5 42.3
56 19 3819 Apr 23 18:21:13 12726 22501 T -a -0.4530 2.0400 1.0135 332.8 199.5 18.2
57 20 3837 May 04 02:10:56 12957 22724 P -a -0.4938 1.9653 0.9386 331.0 195.2 -
58 21 3855 May 15 09:50:51 13190 22947 P -a -0.5421 1.8769 0.8499 328.3 189.3 -
59 22 3873 May 25 17:22:17 13425 23170 P -a -0.5966 1.7770 0.7496 324.6 181.5 -
60 23 3891 Jun 06 00:44:57 13662 23393 P -h -0.6576 1.6654 0.6375 319.7 171.1 -
61 24 3909 Jun 17 07:58:44 13901 23616 P -h -0.7250 1.5422 0.5134 313.3 157.1 -
62 25 3927 Jun 28 15:05:40 14143 23839 P -t -0.7972 1.4102 0.3802 305.3 138.4 -
63 26 3945 Jul 08 22:06:05 14386 24062 P -t -0.8742 1.2698 0.2382 295.4 112.3 -
64 27 3963 Jul 20 05:01:02 14631 24285 P -t -0.9543 1.1237 0.0902 283.4 70.8 -
65 28 3981 Jul 30 11:51:16 14879 24508 N -t -1.0373 0.9727 -0.0634 268.9 - -
66 29 3999 Aug 10 18:39:11 15128 24731 N -t -1.1210 0.8206 -0.2182 251.8 - -
67 30 4017 Aug 21 01:25:54 15380 24954 N -t -1.2047 0.6686 -0.3736 231.6 - -
68 31 4035 Sep 01 08:11:28 15633 25177 N -t -1.2881 0.5175 -0.5284 207.5 - -
69 32 4053 Sep 11 14:59:22 15889 25400 N -t -1.3685 0.3722 -0.6778 179.1 - -
70 33 4071 Sep 22 21:49:20 16147 25623 N -t -1.4459 0.2323 -0.8220 143.8 - -
71 34 4089 Oct 03 04:44:40 16407 25846 N -t -1.5181 0.1021 -0.9569 96.8 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
