The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 58 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1114 Jun 07. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0166 Jul 14. The total duration of Saros series 58 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1114 Jun 07 23:16:36 TD Last Eclipse = 0166 Jul 14 23:46:42 TD Duration of Saros 58 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 58 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 58 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 28 | 38.9% |
| Annular | A | 44 | 61.1% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 58 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 58 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 44 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 95.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 58: 21P 44A 7P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 58 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 58 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0177 Dec 22 | 12m08s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0735 Jan 21 | 02m04s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0862 Nov 06 | - | 0.96161 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0166 Jul 14 | - | 0.01698 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 58. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 58.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
02128 -37 -1114 Jun 07 23:16:36 27397 -38510 Pb -1.5122 0.0354 67.9S 43.0W 0
02172 -36 -1096 Jun 18 06:37:55 27061 -38287 P -1.4461 0.1636 67.0S 166.0W 0
02215 -35 -1078 Jun 29 13:59:55 26727 -38064 P -1.3808 0.2894 66.0S 71.4E 0
02258 -34 -1060 Jul 09 21:26:24 26395 -37841 P -1.3195 0.4067 65.0S 51.9W 0
02301 -33 -1042 Jul 21 04:56:30 26065 -37618 P -1.2617 0.5163 64.1S 175.7W 0
02345 -32 -1024 Jul 31 12:33:16 25737 -37395 P -1.2098 0.6136 63.3S 59.1E 0
02387 -31 -1006 Aug 11 20:15:48 25412 -37172 P -1.1631 0.7002 62.5S 67.2W 0
02428 -30 -0988 Aug 22 04:05:11 25088 -36949 P -1.1224 0.7744 61.8S 165.0E 0
02469 -29 -0970 Sep 02 12:01:56 24767 -36726 P -1.0884 0.8356 61.3S 35.5E 0
02510 -28 -0952 Sep 12 20:06:34 24447 -36503 P -1.0613 0.8832 60.9S 95.8W 0
02551 -27 -0934 Sep 24 04:18:02 24130 -36280 P -1.0405 0.9188 60.7S 131.4E 0
02591 -26 -0916 Oct 04 12:36:34 23814 -36057 P -1.0263 0.9422 60.7S 3.3W 0
02631 -25 -0898 Oct 15 21:00:40 23501 -35834 P -1.0172 0.9563 60.8S 139.2W 0
02671 -24 -0880 Oct 26 05:30:05 23190 -35611 P -1.0132 0.9612 61.1S 83.4E 0
02712 -23 -0862 Nov 06 14:01:39 22881 -35388 P -1.0119 0.9616 61.5S 54.6W 0
02752 -22 -0844 Nov 16 22:36:23 22574 -35165 P -1.0139 0.9562 62.2S 166.5E 0
02792 -21 -0826 Nov 28 07:10:28 22269 -34942 P -1.0166 0.9500 62.9S 27.5E 0
02833 -20 -0808 Dec 08 15:43:51 21966 -34719 P -1.0193 0.9441 63.8S 111.5W 0
02874 -19 -0790 Dec 20 00:12:19 21665 -34496 P -1.0187 0.9441 64.8S 110.4E 0
02915 -18 -0772 Dec 30 08:37:21 21366 -34273 P -1.0163 0.9477 65.8S 27.2W 0
02957 -17 -0753 Jan 10 16:55:10 21070 -34050 P -1.0091 0.9600 66.9S 163.5W 0
02999 -16 -0735 Jan 21 01:05:13 20775 -33827 As -0.9961 0.9621 70.4S 60.2E 3 - 02m04s
03043 -15 -0717 Feb 01 09:05:52 20483 -33604 A -0.9766 0.9643 78.7S 95.2W 12 644 02m07s
03087 -14 -0699 Feb 11 16:57:17 20192 -33381 A -0.9500 0.9659 78.5S 95.9E 18 405 02m11s
03132 -13 -0681 Feb 23 00:38:26 19904 -33158 A -0.9160 0.9674 72.7S 51.3W 23 296 02m16s
03177 -12 -0663 Mar 05 08:08:37 19618 -32935 A -0.8739 0.9688 64.8S 179.2E 29 231 02m22s
03222 -11 -0645 Mar 16 15:28:41 19333 -32712 A -0.8244 0.9699 56.3S 58.2E 34 190 02m29s
03267 -10 -0627 Mar 26 22:38:48 19051 -32489 A -0.7674 0.9709 47.5S 57.6W 40 161 02m38s
03313 -09 -0609 Apr 07 05:39:06 18771 -32266 A -0.7033 0.9715 38.6S 169.7W 45 142 02m49s
03360 -08 -0591 Apr 17 12:31:12 18493 -32043 A -0.6331 0.9716 29.8S 81.3E 51 130 03m03s
03408 -07 -0573 Apr 28 19:16:00 18217 -31820 A -0.5575 0.9713 21.1S 25.2W 56 123 03m19s
03455 -06 -0555 May 09 01:55:29 17943 -31597 A -0.4784 0.9704 12.7S 129.6W 61 120 03m38s
03500 -05 -0537 May 20 08:29:05 17671 -31374 A -0.3950 0.9690 4.7S 128.1E 67 121 03m58s
03545 -04 -0519 May 30 15:00:44 17402 -31151 A -0.3107 0.9671 2.8N 27.1E 72 125 04m19s
03590 -03 -0501 Jun 10 21:30:01 17134 -30928 A -0.2247 0.9647 9.6N 72.5W 77 131 04m40s
03635 -02 -0483 Jun 21 04:00:44 16815 -30705 A -0.1407 0.9618 15.6N 171.8W 82 140 04m58s
03678 -01 -0465 Jul 02 10:31:43 16504 -30482 Am -0.0573 0.9584 20.6N 89.7E 87 152 05m16s
03722 00 -0447 Jul 12 17:07:51 16202 -30259 A 0.0214 0.9546 24.4N 9.2W 89 166 05m31s
03766 01 -0429 Jul 23 23:47:53 15908 -30036 A 0.0966 0.9505 27.1N 108.5W 84 182 05m48s
03808 02 -0411 Aug 03 06:34:26 15621 -29813 A 0.1660 0.9464 28.5N 150.9E 80 200 06m05s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
03850 03 -0393 Aug 14 13:27:45 15342 -29590 A 0.2293 0.9419 28.8N 48.6E 77 220 06m25s
03892 04 -0375 Aug 24 20:29:30 15070 -29367 A 0.2851 0.9376 28.0N 56.1W 73 241 06m47s
03933 05 -0357 Sep 05 03:40:10 14804 -29144 A 0.3334 0.9333 26.4N 163.5W 70 262 07m13s
03972 06 -0339 Sep 15 10:58:24 14544 -28921 A 0.3753 0.9293 24.2N 86.7E 68 283 07m41s
04013 07 -0321 Sep 26 18:26:32 14291 -28698 A 0.4086 0.9256 21.6N 26.2W 66 303 08m14s
04054 08 -0303 Oct 07 02:02:17 14043 -28475 A 0.4353 0.9223 18.8N 141.4W 64 321 08m49s
04095 09 -0285 Oct 18 09:46:36 13800 -28252 A 0.4547 0.9195 15.9N 100.9E 63 337 09m27s
04135 10 -0267 Oct 28 17:36:16 13563 -28029 A 0.4695 0.9174 13.1N 18.4W 62 350 10m06s
04175 11 -0249 Nov 09 01:32:18 13330 -27806 A 0.4792 0.9158 10.6N 139.4W 61 360 10m44s
04216 12 -0231 Nov 19 09:31:10 13102 -27583 A 0.4864 0.9150 8.5N 98.9E 61 366 11m19s
04256 13 -0213 Nov 30 17:32:23 12879 -27360 A 0.4916 0.9148 7.0N 23.3W 61 370 11m47s
04297 14 -0195 Dec 11 01:33:19 12660 -27137 A 0.4971 0.9153 6.3N 145.5W 60 370 12m04s
04339 15 -0177 Dec 22 09:33:34 12446 -26914 A 0.5030 0.9165 6.4N 92.6E 60 367 12m08s
04383 16 -0158 Jan 01 17:29:28 12235 -26691 A 0.5128 0.9184 7.4N 28.4W 59 361 11m54s
04426 17 -0140 Jan 13 01:20:54 12028 -26468 A 0.5265 0.9208 9.6N 148.4W 58 352 11m25s
04469 18 -0122 Jan 23 09:05:39 11825 -26245 A 0.5456 0.9237 12.7N 93.0E 57 343 10m42s
04512 19 -0104 Feb 03 16:44:32 11626 -26022 A 0.5696 0.9270 16.8N 24.5W 55 332 09m50s
04555 20 -0086 Feb 14 00:13:10 11429 -25799 A 0.6022 0.9307 22.1N 140.0W 53 323 08m51s
04600 21 -0068 Feb 25 07:35:07 11236 -25576 A 0.6405 0.9345 28.2N 105.7E 50 315 07m51s
04645 22 -0050 Mar 07 14:46:58 11046 -25353 A 0.6874 0.9383 35.2N 6.8W 46 312 06m51s
04690 23 -0032 Mar 17 21:52:49 10859 -25130 A 0.7394 0.9421 43.1N 118.6W 42 314 05m54s
04737 24 -0014 Mar 29 04:48:09 10674 -24907 A 0.8002 0.9456 52.0N 130.3E 37 331 05m02s
04782 25 0004 Apr 08 11:39:14 10491 -24684 A 0.8647 0.9486 61.7N 16.8E 30 375 04m15s
04828 26 0022 Apr 19 18:22:41 10311 -24461 A 0.9361 0.9506 72.1N 108.8W 20 523 03m35s
04874 27 0040 Apr 30 01:03:17 10132 -24238 A+ 1.0100 0.9522 70.5N 70.2E 0
04919 28 0058 May 11 07:39:16 9955 -24015 P 1.0882 0.8176 69.7N 42.0W 0
04963 29 0076 May 21 14:15:48 9780 -23792 P 1.1664 0.6818 68.8N 153.8W 0
05007 30 0094 Jun 01 20:51:32 9606 -23569 P 1.2458 0.5428 67.8N 95.1E 0
05052 31 0112 Jun 12 03:29:03 9433 -23346 P 1.3243 0.4048 66.8N 15.8W 0
05096 32 0130 Jun 23 10:09:31 9261 -23123 P 1.4009 0.2693 65.8N 127.1W 0
05140 33 0148 Jul 03 16:55:07 9089 -22900 P 1.4741 0.1394 64.9N 120.8E 0
05182 34 0166 Jul 14 23:46:42 8918 -22677 Pe 1.5428 0.0170 64.0N 7.4E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
