The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 65 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0749 Apr 24. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0513 May 20. The total duration of Saros series 65 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0749 Apr 24 11:17:29 TD Last Eclipse = 0513 May 20 19:52:49 TD Duration of Saros 65 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 65 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 65 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.1% |
| Annular | A | 27 | 38.0% |
| Total | T | 25 | 35.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 4 | 5.6% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 65 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 65 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.6% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 65: 6P 27A 4H 25T 9P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 65 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 65 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0407 Nov 15 | 08m55s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0172 Apr 04 | 00m24s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | -0010 Jul 10 | 03m06s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 0206 Nov 17 | 01m12s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -0100 May 17 | 01m44s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -0154 Apr 15 | 00m11s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0369 Feb 23 | - | 0.95826 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0749 Apr 24 | - | 0.08383 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 65. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 65.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
02967 -33 -0749 Apr 24 11:17:29 21000 -33997 Pb 1.5140 0.0838 61.1N 10.7W 0
03009 -32 -0731 May 04 17:41:04 20706 -33774 P 1.4323 0.2232 61.5N 116.7W 0
03053 -31 -0713 May 16 00:00:37 20413 -33551 P 1.3470 0.3691 62.1N 138.3E 0
03097 -30 -0695 May 26 06:18:53 20124 -33328 P 1.2598 0.5182 62.7N 33.4E 0
03142 -29 -0677 Jun 06 12:36:38 19836 -33105 P 1.1719 0.6687 63.5N 71.6W 0
03187 -28 -0659 Jun 16 18:56:53 19550 -32882 P 1.0852 0.8166 64.4N 177.4W 0
03232 -27 -0641 Jun 28 01:18:35 19266 -32659 A+ 0.9992 0.9632 65.3N 76.1E 0
03278 -26 -0623 Jul 08 07:46:48 18984 -32436 A 0.9182 0.9375 87.9N 35.2E 23 599 04m17s
03324 -25 -0605 Jul 19 14:19:55 18705 -32213 A 0.8407 0.9383 79.9N 53.6E 32 428 04m40s
03371 -24 -0587 Jul 29 21:02:02 18427 -31990 A 0.7699 0.9382 70.6N 43.5W 39 362 05m06s
03419 -23 -0569 Aug 10 03:51:16 18152 -31767 A 0.7045 0.9375 62.0N 146.5W 45 328 05m34s
03465 -22 -0551 Aug 20 10:51:35 17878 -31544 A 0.6477 0.9365 54.0N 106.5E 49 310 06m03s
03510 -21 -0533 Aug 31 18:00:44 17607 -31321 A 0.5977 0.9353 46.5N 3.4W 53 299 06m34s
03555 -20 -0515 Sep 11 01:20:22 17338 -31098 A 0.5559 0.9343 39.4N 116.1W 56 293 07m03s
03600 -19 -0497 Sep 22 08:50:00 17059 -30875 A 0.5216 0.9332 32.9N 128.4E 58 290 07m32s
03645 -18 -0479 Oct 02 16:30:01 16741 -30652 A 0.4951 0.9324 26.8N 10.2E 60 289 07m57s
03689 -17 -0461 Oct 14 00:19:05 16432 -30429 A 0.4756 0.9318 21.3N 110.1W 61 288 08m20s
03733 -16 -0443 Oct 24 08:15:20 16131 -30206 A 0.4612 0.9318 16.4N 128.0E 62 286 08m38s
03777 -15 -0425 Nov 04 16:19:10 15839 -29983 A 0.4525 0.9322 12.2N 4.4E 63 283 08m51s
03819 -14 -0407 Nov 15 00:27:37 15554 -29760 A 0.4466 0.9332 8.7N 120.2W 63 278 08m55s
03861 -13 -0389 Nov 26 08:39:30 15277 -29537 A 0.4429 0.9349 5.9N 114.6E 64 270 08m51s
03903 -12 -0371 Dec 06 16:52:06 15006 -29314 A 0.4391 0.9372 3.7N 10.6W 64 260 08m35s
03942 -11 -0353 Dec 18 01:04:52 14742 -29091 A 0.4347 0.9402 2.3N 135.7W 64 246 08m07s
03981 -10 -0335 Dec 28 09:15:22 14484 -28868 A 0.4276 0.9438 1.5N 99.9E 65 229 07m28s
04022 -09 -0316 Jan 08 17:21:51 14231 -28645 A 0.4165 0.9481 1.2N 23.4W 65 209 06m41s
04063 -08 -0298 Jan 19 01:23:21 13985 -28422 A 0.4003 0.9531 1.4N 145.3W 66 186 05m48s
04104 -07 -0280 Jan 30 09:18:46 13743 -28199 A 0.3783 0.9584 2.0N 94.4E 68 162 04m55s
04144 -06 -0262 Feb 09 17:06:51 13507 -27976 A 0.3495 0.9643 3.0N 23.9W 70 137 04m02s
04185 -05 -0244 Feb 21 00:47:37 13276 -27753 A 0.3135 0.9704 4.2N 140.2W 72 111 03m12s
04226 -04 -0226 Mar 03 08:21:06 13049 -27530 A 0.2706 0.9769 5.6N 105.5E 74 85 02m24s
04267 -03 -0208 Mar 13 15:48:10 12827 -27307 A 0.2211 0.9832 7.0N 6.9W 77 61 01m41s
04308 -02 -0190 Mar 24 23:07:08 12609 -27084 A 0.1639 0.9897 8.3N 117.0W 81 37 01m01s
04350 -01 -0172 Apr 04 06:21:06 12395 -26861 A 0.1016 0.9959 9.5N 134.4E 84 14 00m24s
04394 00 -0154 Apr 15 13:29:12 12186 -26638 H 0.0334 1.0019 10.2N 27.4E 88 7 00m11s
04436 01 -0136 Apr 25 20:34:51 11980 -26415 H -0.0381 1.0074 10.3N 78.8W 88 26 00m44s
04479 02 -0118 May 07 03:35:48 11778 -26192 Hm -0.1145 1.0125 9.7N 176.2E 83 43 01m15s
04522 03 -0100 May 17 10:37:31 11579 -25969 H2 -0.1912 1.0170 8.4N 70.9E 79 59 01m44s
04565 04 -0082 May 28 17:37:45 11383 -25746 T -0.2698 1.0209 6.0N 34.3W 74 74 02m11s
04610 05 -0064 Jun 08 00:40:35 11191 -25523 T -0.3471 1.0241 2.8N 140.7W 70 87 02m34s
04655 06 -0046 Jun 19 07:44:32 11001 -25300 T -0.4244 1.0265 1.3S 112.2E 65 99 02m52s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04701 07 -0028 Jun 29 14:53:57 10814 -25077 T -0.4978 1.0283 6.2S 3.0E 60 110 03m03s
04748 08 -0010 Jul 10 22:07:51 10630 -24854 T -0.5681 1.0294 11.8S 108.0W 55 121 03m06s
04793 09 0008 Jul 21 05:28:07 10448 -24631 T -0.6339 1.0298 18.0S 138.8E 51 130 03m02s
04839 10 0026 Aug 01 12:55:45 10268 -24408 T -0.6941 1.0296 24.7S 22.9E 46 139 02m53s
04885 11 0044 Aug 11 20:31:57 10090 -24185 T -0.7477 1.0290 31.5S 95.8W 41 147 02m39s
04929 12 0062 Aug 23 04:17:02 9914 -23962 T -0.7950 1.0280 38.5S 142.5E 37 155 02m24s
04973 13 0080 Sep 02 12:11:02 9739 -23739 T -0.8355 1.0267 45.5S 17.7E 33 164 02m08s
05018 14 0098 Sep 13 20:14:32 9565 -23516 T -0.8688 1.0253 52.3S 110.3W 29 173 01m53s
05062 15 0116 Sep 24 04:27:28 9392 -23293 T -0.8950 1.0239 58.6S 118.2E 26 182 01m39s
05106 16 0134 Oct 05 12:48:19 9220 -23070 T -0.9153 1.0226 64.5S 16.5W 23 193 01m29s
05150 17 0152 Oct 15 21:18:07 9049 -22847 T -0.9291 1.0217 69.7S 154.7W 21 203 01m20s
05192 18 0170 Oct 27 05:54:29 8878 -22624 T -0.9382 1.0212 74.4S 63.7E 20 213 01m15s
05233 19 0188 Nov 06 14:37:31 8707 -22401 T -0.9423 1.0212 78.4S 80.9W 19 222 01m13s
05274 20 0206 Nov 17 23:23:19 8536 -22178 T -0.9446 1.0218 82.0S 128.4E 19 233 01m12s
05315 21 0224 Nov 28 08:13:29 8364 -21955 T -0.9439 1.0230 85.1S 35.1W 19 244 01m15s
05356 22 0242 Dec 09 17:03:55 8193 -21732 T -0.9438 1.0246 85.7S 134.1E 19 261 01m19s
05397 23 0260 Dec 20 01:54:30 8021 -21509 T -0.9438 1.0267 83.2S 39.8W 19 283 01m25s
05437 24 0278 Dec 31 10:41:52 7848 -21286 T -0.9471 1.0290 79.4S 170.8E 18 316 01m32s
05477 25 0297 Jan 10 19:26:43 7674 -21063 T -0.9528 1.0318 75.5S 30.2E 17 364 01m40s
05516 26 0315 Jan 22 04:06:13 7500 -20840 T -0.9636 1.0344 71.5S 104.1W 15 449 01m48s
05556 27 0333 Feb 01 12:39:53 7325 -20617 T -0.9795 1.0368 67.6S 127.7E 11 655 01m54s
05596 28 0351 Feb 12 21:06:45 7149 -20394 T- -1.0018 1.0102 61.7S 13.6E 0
05636 29 0369 Feb 23 05:26:33 6972 -20171 P -1.0301 0.9583 61.2S 120.9W 0
05677 30 0387 Mar 06 13:38:22 6795 -19948 P -1.0654 0.8923 61.0S 106.7E 0
05718 31 0405 Mar 16 21:42:37 6617 -19725 P -1.1073 0.8133 60.9S 23.8W 0
05759 32 0423 Mar 28 05:39:26 6438 -19502 P -1.1556 0.7213 60.9S 152.5W 0
05800 33 0441 Apr 07 13:29:51 6260 -19279 P -1.2093 0.6182 61.1S 80.4E 0
05841 34 0459 Apr 18 21:12:31 6082 -19056 P -1.2694 0.5020 61.5S 44.8W 0
05884 35 0477 Apr 29 04:50:23 5904 -18833 P -1.3332 0.3782 62.0S 169.0W 0
05927 36 0495 May 10 12:22:50 5728 -18610 P -1.4013 0.2458 62.6S 68.0E 0
05971 37 0513 May 20 19:52:49 5551 -18387 Pe -1.4713 0.1095 63.3S 54.5W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
