Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 86

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 86

Solar eclipses of Saros 86 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0069 Apr 06. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1193 May 02. The total duration of Saros series 86 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -0069 Apr 06   23:01:31 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1193 May 02   20:41:06 TD

                      Duration of Saros  86  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 86 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 86
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 30 42.3%
AnnularA 41 57.7%
TotalT 0 0.0%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 86 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 86
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 41100.0%
Central (two limits) 40 97.6%
Central (one limit) 1 2.4%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 86: 7P 41A 23P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 86 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 86
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0345 Dec 1009m13s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0724 Jul 2500m39s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0796 Sep 06 - 0.94350
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -0069 Apr 06 - 0.06070

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 86

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 86. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 86.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 86

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

04597 -33 -0069 Apr 06  23:01:31  11246 -25587   Pb  -1.5229  0.0607  71.6S  44.3W   0             
04642 -32 -0051 Apr 17  05:51:00  11055 -25364   P   -1.4574  0.1746  71.2S 161.1W   0             
04687 -31 -0033 Apr 28  12:34:02  10868 -25141   P   -1.3870  0.2970  70.6S  84.1E   0             
04734 -30 -0015 May 08  19:09:41  10683 -24918   P   -1.3108  0.4294  69.9S  28.4W   0             
04779 -29  0003 May 20  01:41:30  10500 -24695   P   -1.2319  0.5663  69.0S 139.3W   0             
04825 -28  0021 May 30  08:07:52  10320 -24472   P   -1.1487  0.7102  68.0S 111.8E   0             
04871 -27  0039 Jun 10  14:34:18  10141 -24249   P   -1.0656  0.8534  67.0S   3.3E   0             
04916 -26  0057 Jun 20  20:59:17   9964 -24026   As  -0.9809  0.9434  55.8S 101.3W  10   -   05m25s
04960 -25  0075 Jul 02  03:26:47   9789 -23803   A   -0.8984  0.9446  40.1S 158.7E  26  466  06m10s
05004 -24  0093 Jul 12  09:56:16   9615 -23580   A   -0.8175  0.9437  31.2S  58.8E  35  358  06m41s

05049 -23  0111 Jul 23  16:31:55   9442 -23357   A   -0.7415  0.9421  25.2S  42.0W  42  314  07m03s
05093 -22  0129 Aug 02  23:12:37   9269 -23134   A   -0.6694  0.9398  21.2S 143.6W  48  295  07m20s
05137 -21  0147 Aug 14  06:00:10   9098 -22911   A   -0.6027  0.9372  18.8S 113.5E  53  286  07m31s
05179 -20  0165 Aug 24  12:55:58   8927 -22688   A   -0.5429  0.9343  17.9S   8.7E  57  286  07m42s
05220 -19  0183 Sep 04  20:00:32   8756 -22465   A   -0.4903  0.9315  18.2S  98.2W  61  289  07m51s
05261 -18  0201 Sep 15  03:14:40   8585 -22242   A   -0.4453  0.9286  19.6S 152.6E  63  295  08m01s
05302 -17  0219 Sep 26  10:36:54   8414 -22019   A   -0.4070  0.9259  21.7S  41.4E  66  301  08m13s
05344 -16  0237 Oct 06  18:09:22   8242 -21796   A   -0.3770  0.9234  24.5S  72.3W  68  309  08m25s
05385 -15  0255 Oct 18  01:49:03   8070 -21573   A   -0.3529  0.9214  27.7S 172.5E  69  315  08m37s
05426 -14  0273 Oct 28  09:36:39   7898 -21350   A   -0.3353  0.9197  31.0S  55.6E  70  321  08m49s

05466 -13  0291 Nov 08  17:29:47   7724 -21127   A   -0.3220  0.9186  34.2S  62.2W  71  325  09m00s
05505 -12  0309 Nov 19  01:28:42   7550 -20904   A   -0.3133  0.9181  37.1S 179.1E  72  327  09m08s
05544 -11  0327 Nov 30  09:29:55   7375 -20681   A   -0.3063  0.9183  39.3S  60.5E  72  326  09m12s
05584 -10  0345 Dec 10  17:32:54   7199 -20458   A   -0.3003  0.9191  40.6S  57.9W  72  322  09m13s
05624 -09  0363 Dec 22  01:35:17   7023 -20235   A   -0.2937  0.9207  40.8S 175.9W  73  315  09m08s
05665 -08  0382 Jan 01  09:36:33   6846 -20012   A   -0.2861  0.9228  39.9S  66.2E  73  305  08m59s
05706 -07  0400 Jan 12  17:32:37   6668 -19789   A   -0.2735  0.9257  37.6S  50.8W  74  291  08m44s
05748 -06  0418 Jan 23  01:24:23   6489 -19566   A   -0.2570  0.9291  34.2S 167.6W  75  275  08m26s
05789 -05  0436 Feb 03  09:08:51   6311 -19343   A   -0.2341  0.9331  29.8S  76.4E  76  257  08m03s
05829 -04  0454 Feb 13  16:47:54   6133 -19120   A   -0.2063  0.9375  24.5S  39.0W  78  237  07m36s

05872 -03  0472 Feb 25  00:16:40   5955 -18897   A   -0.1696  0.9424  18.4S 152.8W  80  216  07m05s
05915 -02  0490 Mar 07  07:39:25   5778 -18674   A   -0.1274  0.9474  11.8S  94.5E  83  195  06m30s
05959 -01  0508 Mar 17  14:52:12   5602 -18451   A   -0.0762  0.9525   4.7S  16.3W  86  174  05m52s
06003  00  0526 Mar 28  21:59:31   5425 -18228   A   -0.0200  0.9578   2.7N 125.8W  89  154  05m11s
06048  01  0544 Apr 08  04:57:45   5250 -18005   A    0.0445  0.9629  10.4N 126.9E  87  135  04m29s
06094  02  0562 Apr 19  11:52:31   5075 -17782   Am   0.1125  0.9678  18.2N  20.6E  83  117  03m47s
06140  03  0580 Apr 29  18:41:09   4903 -17559   A    0.1866  0.9724  25.9N  83.6W  79  101  03m08s
06186  04  0598 May 11  01:27:21   4731 -17336   A    0.2635  0.9766  33.6N 173.4E  75   86  02m31s
06231  05  0616 May 21  08:10:42   4561 -17113   A    0.3438  0.9803  40.9N  72.2E  70   74  01m59s
06276  06  0634 Jun 01  14:54:37   4392 -16890   A    0.4246  0.9836  47.8N  27.7W  65   64  01m33s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 86

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

06322  07  0652 Jun 11  21:39:10   4225 -16667   A    0.5057  0.9862  54.0N 125.7W  59   56  01m13s
06369  08  0670 Jun 23  04:26:06   4060 -16444   A    0.5856  0.9883  59.2N 138.4E  54   51  00m58s
06414  09  0688 Jul 03  11:17:17   3896 -16221   A    0.6632  0.9897  63.1N  44.4E  48   49  00m48s
06458  10  0706 Jul 14  18:13:55   3735 -15998   A    0.7372  0.9904  65.4N  48.4W  42   50  00m42s
06500  11  0724 Jul 25  01:16:50   3575 -15775   A    0.8066  0.9906  66.1N 141.6W  36   56  00m39s
06542  12  0742 Aug 05  08:27:12   3419 -15552   A    0.8707  0.9901  65.6N 122.9E  29   71  00m40s
06584  13  0760 Aug 15  15:46:22   3265 -15329   A    0.9284  0.9888  64.5N  24.9E  21  106  00m43s
06625  14  0778 Aug 26  23:14:42   3113 -15106   A    0.9795  0.9864  63.1N  71.8W  11  250  00m50s
06666  15  0796 Sep 06  06:51:48   2965 -14883   P    1.0242  0.9435  61.0N 172.4W   0             
06707  16  0814 Sep 17  14:39:24   2821 -14660   P    1.0612  0.8771  60.9N  61.4E   0             

06748  17  0832 Sep 27  22:36:40   2679 -14437   P    1.0908  0.8238  60.9N  67.2W   0             
06788  18  0850 Oct 09  06:43:55   2542 -14214   P    1.1133  0.7832  61.2N 161.7E   0             
06828  19  0868 Oct 19  14:59:08   2408 -13991   P    1.1302  0.7528  61.6N  28.6E   0             
06868  20  0886 Oct 30  23:23:09   2278 -13768   P    1.1408  0.7338  62.1N 106.8W   0             
06908  21  0904 Nov 10  07:53:36   2152 -13545   P    1.1471  0.7227  62.8N 116.0E   0             
06948  22  0922 Nov 21  16:29:24   2031 -13322   P    1.1496  0.7185  63.6N  22.7W   0             
06989  23  0940 Dec 02  01:09:04   1914 -13099   P    1.1498  0.7185  64.5N 162.7W   0             
07030  24  0958 Dec 13  09:50:52   1802 -12876   P    1.1488  0.7206  65.5N  56.4E   0             
07070  25  0976 Dec 23  18:33:17   1694 -12653   P    1.1481  0.7224  66.6N  85.0W   0             
07112  26  0995 Jan 04  03:13:44   1590 -12430   P    1.1496  0.7206  67.7N 133.6E   0             

07154  27  1013 Jan 14  11:52:21   1491 -12207   P    1.1531  0.7148  68.7N   7.9W   0             
07196  28  1031 Jan 25  20:26:16   1397 -11984   P    1.1606  0.7018  69.7N 148.9W   0             
07238  29  1049 Feb 05  04:54:51   1308 -11761   P    1.1733  0.6792  70.5N  70.9E   0             
07282  30  1067 Feb 16  13:16:39   1223 -11538   P    1.1920  0.6453  71.2N  68.2W   0             
07326  31  1085 Feb 26  21:32:13   1142 -11315   P    1.2162  0.6007  71.7N 153.8E   0             
07371  32  1103 Mar 10  05:40:52   1066 -11092   P    1.2466  0.5440  71.9N  17.3E   0             
07416  33  1121 Mar 20  13:41:29    995 -10869   P    1.2840  0.4736  71.8N 117.2W   0             
07461  34  1139 Mar 31  21:35:42    927 -10646   P    1.3272  0.3913  71.6N 110.0E   0             
07506  35  1157 Apr 11  05:23:00    864 -10423   P    1.3767  0.2964  71.1N  20.7W   0             
07551  36  1175 Apr 22  13:04:58    804 -10200   P    1.4309  0.1916  70.4N 149.4W   0             

07597  37  1193 May 02  20:41:06    749  -9977   Pe   1.4902  0.0765  69.6N  83.8E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26