The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 95 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0047 Jul 11. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1309 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 95 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0047 Jul 11 18:20:49 TD Last Eclipse = 1309 Aug 06 09:38:14 TD Duration of Saros 95 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 95 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 95 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 30 | 42.3% |
| Annular | A | 41 | 57.7% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 95 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 95 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 41 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 97.6% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.4% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 95: 22P 41A 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 95 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 95 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0768 Sep 15 | 08m00s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1165 May 12 | 00m28s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1183 May 23 | - | 0.97968 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0047 Jul 11 | - | 0.01737 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 95. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 95.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04893 -35 0047 Jul 11 18:20:49 10061 -24149 Pb 1.5350 0.0174 67.2N 123.1E 0
04937 -34 0065 Jul 22 01:29:10 9885 -23926 P 1.4729 0.1325 68.2N 4.2E 0
04981 -33 0083 Aug 02 08:41:17 9710 -23703 P 1.4145 0.2399 69.2N 116.2W 0
05026 -32 0101 Aug 12 15:58:57 9537 -23480 P 1.3610 0.3372 70.0N 121.4E 0
05070 -31 0119 Aug 23 23:23:07 9364 -23257 P 1.3133 0.4232 70.8N 3.2W 0
05114 -30 0137 Sep 03 06:54:33 9192 -23034 P 1.2722 0.4962 71.4N 130.2W 0
05157 -29 0155 Sep 14 14:32:13 9021 -22811 P 1.2368 0.5584 71.7N 100.8E 0
05198 -28 0173 Sep 24 22:18:14 8850 -22588 P 1.2090 0.6067 71.9N 30.6W 0
05239 -27 0191 Oct 06 06:10:58 8679 -22365 P 1.1871 0.6441 71.7N 163.6W 0
05280 -26 0209 Oct 16 14:10:27 8508 -22142 P 1.1714 0.6705 71.3N 61.8E 0
05321 -25 0227 Oct 27 22:15:17 8337 -21919 P 1.1606 0.6881 70.7N 73.6W 0
05362 -24 0245 Nov 07 06:25:01 8165 -21696 P 1.1545 0.6978 69.9N 150.3E 0
05403 -23 0263 Nov 18 14:38:13 7993 -21473 P 1.1518 0.7018 69.0N 14.0E 0
05443 -22 0281 Nov 28 22:52:13 7820 -21250 P 1.1503 0.7038 67.9N 121.8W 0
05483 -21 0299 Dec 10 07:07:16 7646 -21027 P 1.1501 0.7037 66.8N 102.7E 0
05522 -20 0317 Dec 20 15:19:59 7472 -20804 P 1.1482 0.7066 65.8N 31.7W 0
05562 -19 0335 Dec 31 23:29:52 7296 -20581 P 1.1448 0.7123 64.7N 165.0W 0
05602 -18 0354 Jan 11 07:33:10 7120 -20358 P 1.1363 0.7266 63.8N 63.8E 0
05642 -17 0372 Jan 22 15:31:22 6943 -20135 P 1.1241 0.7473 62.9N 65.8W 0
05684 -16 0390 Feb 01 23:20:58 6766 -19912 P 1.1050 0.7797 62.2N 166.9E 0
05725 -15 0408 Feb 13 07:01:38 6588 -19689 P 1.0792 0.8238 61.6N 42.1E 0
05766 -14 0426 Feb 23 14:32:13 6409 -19466 P 1.0456 0.8811 61.1N 80.0W 0
05807 -13 0444 Mar 05 21:53:09 6231 -19243 A+ 1.0045 0.9513 60.8N 160.3E 0
05848 -12 0462 Mar 17 05:04:02 6053 -19020 A 0.9555 0.9323 56.3N 74.2E 17 850 05m24s
05891 -11 0480 Mar 27 12:04:20 5876 -18797 A 0.8980 0.9358 54.3N 23.7W 26 530 05m16s
05934 -10 0498 Apr 07 18:55:52 5700 -18574 A 0.8337 0.9389 53.5N 121.2W 33 401 05m08s
05978 -09 0516 Apr 18 01:38:56 5522 -18351 A 0.7628 0.9415 53.1N 143.2E 40 329 05m01s
06022 -08 0534 Apr 29 08:14:13 5346 -18128 A 0.6856 0.9438 52.6N 50.0E 46 282 04m58s
06068 -07 0552 May 09 14:43:48 5171 -17905 A 0.6037 0.9455 51.6N 41.6W 53 250 05m00s
06114 -06 0570 May 20 21:08:33 4998 -17682 A 0.5179 0.9470 49.8N 132.0W 59 227 05m06s
06161 -05 0588 May 31 03:31:10 4825 -17459 A 0.4303 0.9478 47.1N 137.4E 64 212 05m18s
06206 -04 0606 Jun 11 09:50:53 4655 -17236 A 0.3401 0.9483 43.1N 46.5E 70 202 05m35s
06251 -03 0624 Jun 21 16:12:34 4485 -17013 A 0.2517 0.9481 38.3N 46.2W 75 197 05m56s
06296 -02 0642 Jul 02 22:35:07 4317 -16790 A 0.1639 0.9477 32.6N 140.5W 80 195 06m21s
06342 -01 0660 Jul 13 05:02:57 4151 -16567 A 0.0801 0.9468 26.4N 122.7E 85 197 06m46s
06388 00 0678 Jul 24 11:34:07 3986 -16344 Am -0.0011 0.9455 19.6N 24.1E 90 201 07m10s
06432 01 0696 Aug 03 18:13:52 3823 -16121 A -0.0754 0.9439 12.6N 77.4W 86 208 07m30s
06475 02 0714 Aug 15 00:59:30 3663 -15898 A -0.1449 0.9420 5.4N 179.0E 82 217 07m46s
06518 03 0732 Aug 25 07:54:41 3505 -15675 A -0.2066 0.9401 1.8S 72.7E 78 226 07m55s
06560 04 0750 Sep 05 14:57:59 3349 -15452 A -0.2620 0.9381 8.9S 35.8W 75 238 08m00s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06602 05 0768 Sep 15 22:12:37 3196 -15229 A -0.3084 0.9362 15.8S 147.1W 72 249 08m00s
06643 06 0786 Sep 27 05:36:17 3047 -15006 A -0.3475 0.9344 22.4S 99.6E 70 260 07m57s
06685 07 0804 Oct 07 13:09:48 2900 -14783 A -0.3789 0.9329 28.6S 15.7W 68 270 07m52s
06726 08 0822 Oct 18 20:52:23 2757 -14560 A -0.4031 0.9318 34.4S 132.5W 66 278 07m45s
06766 09 0840 Oct 29 04:43:55 2617 -14337 A -0.4208 0.9311 39.4S 109.3E 65 284 07m35s
06806 10 0858 Nov 09 12:41:59 2481 -14114 A -0.4334 0.9309 43.7S 9.3W 64 287 07m24s
06846 11 0876 Nov 19 20:46:20 2349 -13891 A -0.4415 0.9313 47.1S 128.2W 64 287 07m11s
06886 12 0894 Dec 01 04:54:33 2221 -13668 A -0.4470 0.9324 49.4S 113.1E 63 283 06m56s
06926 13 0912 Dec 11 13:06:23 2097 -13445 A -0.4504 0.9341 50.4S 5.7W 63 276 06m38s
06966 14 0930 Dec 22 21:17:36 1978 -13222 A -0.4550 0.9364 50.3S 124.2W 63 266 06m17s
07007 15 0949 Jan 02 05:29:26 1863 -12999 A -0.4598 0.9394 49.1S 116.8E 62 253 05m54s
07048 16 0967 Jan 13 13:37:19 1753 -12776 A -0.4687 0.9430 47.0S 1.9W 62 238 05m28s
07089 17 0985 Jan 23 21:42:16 1647 -12553 A -0.4805 0.9472 44.3S 120.8W 61 221 05m00s
07131 18 1003 Feb 04 05:40:06 1545 -12330 A -0.4990 0.9517 41.5S 121.4E 60 202 04m31s
07173 19 1021 Feb 14 13:33:29 1449 -12107 A -0.5218 0.9568 38.5S 3.9E 58 182 04m01s
07215 20 1039 Feb 25 21:18:55 1357 -11884 A -0.5521 0.9620 35.8S 112.0W 56 163 03m31s
07258 21 1057 Mar 08 04:57:18 1269 -11661 A -0.5888 0.9675 33.6S 133.5E 54 142 03m01s
07302 22 1075 Mar 19 12:27:45 1186 -11438 A -0.6326 0.9728 32.2S 20.9E 51 123 02m32s
07346 23 1093 Mar 29 19:51:50 1108 -11215 A -0.6824 0.9782 31.6S 90.2W 47 103 02m02s
07392 24 1111 Apr 10 03:09:37 1034 -10992 A -0.7383 0.9832 32.3S 160.1E 42 86 01m34s
07437 25 1129 Apr 20 10:21:11 964 -10769 A -0.8000 0.9879 34.5S 52.1E 37 69 01m08s
07482 26 1147 May 01 17:28:51 898 -10546 A -0.8658 0.9918 38.7S 54.9W 30 57 00m45s
07527 27 1165 May 12 00:33:05 837 -10323 A -0.9349 0.9946 46.0S 160.4W 20 53 00m28s
07573 28 1183 May 23 07:34:59 779 -10100 P -1.0067 0.9797 63.9S 104.1E 0
07618 29 1201 Jun 02 14:35:50 725 -9877 P -1.0802 0.8474 64.8S 11.0W 0
07663 30 1219 Jun 13 21:37:18 674 -9654 P -1.1537 0.7138 65.7S 126.7W 0
07709 31 1237 Jun 24 04:41:09 627 -9431 P -1.2260 0.5814 66.7S 116.7E 0
07754 32 1255 Jul 05 11:47:02 583 -9208 P -1.2971 0.4503 67.7S 0.8W 0
07798 33 1273 Jul 15 18:58:15 542 -8985 P -1.3644 0.3257 68.7S 120.2W 0
07841 34 1291 Jul 27 02:14:27 503 -8762 P -1.4280 0.2075 69.6S 118.6E 0
07883 35 1309 Aug 06 09:38:14 467 -8539 Pe -1.4863 0.0990 70.4S 5.0W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
