The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 100 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0264 May 13. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1526 Jun 10. The total duration of Saros series 100 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0264 May 13 08:17:18 TD Last Eclipse = 1526 Jun 10 01:34:33 TD Duration of Saros 100 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 100 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 100 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 19.7% |
| Annular | A | 21 | 29.6% |
| Total | T | 34 | 47.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 100 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 100 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 57 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 56 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 100: 7P 34T 2H 21A 7P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 100 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 100 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1274 Jan 09 | 07m26s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1039 Aug 22 | 00m10s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 0426 Aug 19 | 04m27s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 0985 Jul 20 | 01m31s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1003 Jul 31 | 00m58s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1021 Aug 11 | 00m24s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0372 Jul 17 | - | 0.94975 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1526 Jun 10 | - | 0.05567 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 100. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 100.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
05405 -36 0264 May 13 08:17:18 7988 -21467 Pb -1.4730 0.1096 69.3S 115.9E 0
05445 -35 0282 May 24 15:41:33 7815 -21244 P -1.4000 0.2495 68.4S 7.7W 0
05485 -34 0300 Jun 03 23:05:01 7642 -21021 P -1.3256 0.3929 67.4S 130.6W 0
05524 -33 0318 Jun 15 06:29:09 7467 -20798 P -1.2512 0.5368 66.4S 106.9E 0
05564 -32 0336 Jun 25 13:54:25 7292 -20575 P -1.1774 0.6799 65.4S 15.6W 0
05604 -31 0354 Jul 06 21:23:38 7116 -20352 P -1.1062 0.8178 64.5S 138.6W 0
05644 -30 0372 Jul 17 04:56:56 6939 -20129 P -1.0379 0.9497 63.6S 97.7E 0
05685 -29 0390 Jul 28 12:35:00 6761 -19906 T -0.9732 1.0595 52.8S 12.4W 13 873 04m06s
05726 -28 0408 Aug 07 20:19:36 6583 -19683 T -0.9138 1.0609 44.3S 126.4W 24 487 04m26s
05767 -27 0426 Aug 19 04:11:14 6405 -19460 T -0.8601 1.0605 40.3S 115.3E 30 382 04m27s
05808 -26 0444 Aug 29 12:10:31 6226 -19237 T -0.8127 1.0590 38.6S 5.5W 35 326 04m19s
05849 -25 0462 Sep 09 20:16:30 6048 -19014 T -0.7709 1.0569 38.5S 128.1W 39 288 04m07s
05892 -24 0480 Sep 20 04:31:03 5871 -18791 T -0.7364 1.0544 39.8S 107.1E 42 260 03m52s
05935 -23 0498 Oct 01 12:53:06 5695 -18568 T -0.7082 1.0515 42.0S 19.5W 45 238 03m37s
05979 -22 0516 Oct 11 21:22:23 5518 -18345 T -0.6864 1.0487 44.9S 147.7W 46 219 03m23s
06023 -21 0534 Oct 23 05:58:25 5341 -18122 T -0.6704 1.0459 48.4S 82.8E 48 204 03m09s
06069 -20 0552 Nov 02 14:40:25 5167 -17899 T -0.6597 1.0433 52.2S 47.4W 48 191 02m57s
06115 -19 0570 Nov 13 23:27:26 4993 -17676 T -0.6534 1.0409 56.0S 177.8W 49 180 02m46s
06162 -18 0588 Nov 24 08:16:26 4821 -17453 T -0.6490 1.0390 59.3S 53.1E 49 172 02m38s
06207 -17 0606 Dec 05 17:08:42 4650 -17230 T -0.6476 1.0374 62.1S 75.0W 49 165 02m31s
06252 -16 0624 Dec 16 02:00:22 4480 -17007 T -0.6465 1.0364 63.6S 159.0E 49 161 02m28s
06297 -15 0642 Dec 27 10:51:27 4312 -16784 T -0.6448 1.0358 63.7S 34.0E 50 158 02m27s
06343 -14 0661 Jan 06 19:37:59 4146 -16561 T -0.6398 1.0357 62.1S 90.6W 50 157 02m29s
06389 -13 0679 Jan 18 04:21:40 3982 -16338 T -0.6329 1.0360 59.1S 143.5E 50 157 02m33s
06433 -12 0697 Jan 28 12:58:36 3819 -16115 T -0.6210 1.0367 54.9S 16.9E 51 158 02m41s
06476 -11 0715 Feb 08 21:28:51 3659 -15892 T -0.6040 1.0377 49.8S 110.1W 53 159 02m50s
06519 -10 0733 Feb 19 05:50:33 3500 -15669 T -0.5806 1.0389 44.0S 123.5E 54 160 03m03s
06561 -09 0751 Mar 02 14:04:34 3345 -15446 T -0.5512 1.0401 37.8S 2.1W 56 160 03m16s
06603 -08 0769 Mar 12 22:09:04 3192 -15223 T -0.5145 1.0413 31.1S 126.0W 59 160 03m32s
06644 -07 0787 Mar 24 06:05:01 3043 -15000 T -0.4715 1.0422 24.2S 111.9E 62 159 03m46s
06686 -06 0805 Apr 03 13:51:56 2896 -14777 T -0.4214 1.0429 17.1S 8.1W 65 157 04m00s
06727 -05 0823 Apr 14 21:31:15 2753 -14554 T -0.3655 1.0431 9.9S 126.1W 68 154 04m11s
06767 -04 0841 Apr 25 05:01:45 2613 -14331 T -0.3029 1.0429 2.8S 118.4E 72 150 04m17s
06807 -03 0859 May 06 12:26:38 2478 -14108 T -0.2362 1.0420 4.2N 4.7E 76 144 04m17s
06847 -02 0877 May 16 19:44:56 2346 -13885 T -0.1645 1.0406 10.9N 106.7W 81 138 04m09s
06887 -01 0895 May 28 03:00:09 2218 -13662 Tm -0.0909 1.0383 17.0N 143.3E 85 129 03m54s
06927 00 0913 Jun 07 10:09:57 2094 -13439 T -0.0134 1.0354 22.6N 35.5E 89 119 03m33s
06967 01 0931 Jun 18 17:19:48 1975 -13216 T 0.0633 1.0318 27.3N 71.4W 86 108 03m06s
07008 02 0949 Jun 29 00:26:52 1860 -12993 T 0.1417 1.0274 31.3N 176.8W 82 94 02m36s
07049 03 0967 Jul 10 07:36:08 1750 -12770 T 0.2173 1.0225 34.1N 78.0E 77 79 02m04s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07090 04 0985 Jul 20 14:45:03 1644 -12547 T 0.2923 1.0170 35.9N 26.6W 73 61 01m31s
07132 05 1003 Jul 31 21:59:08 1543 -12324 H 0.3621 1.0110 36.6N 132.5W 69 41 00m58s
07174 06 1021 Aug 11 05:15:54 1446 -12101 H 0.4287 1.0046 36.6N 120.8E 64 17 00m24s
07216 07 1039 Aug 22 12:38:24 1354 -11878 A 0.4896 0.9980 35.8N 12.1E 60 8 00m10s
07259 08 1057 Sep 01 20:06:25 1267 -11655 A 0.5448 0.9912 34.6N 98.6W 57 37 00m46s
07303 09 1075 Sep 13 03:41:46 1184 -11432 A 0.5929 0.9844 33.1N 148.1E 53 67 01m23s
07347 10 1093 Sep 23 11:23:51 1106 -11209 A 0.6346 0.9777 31.5N 32.4E 50 101 02m03s
07393 11 1111 Oct 04 19:12:31 1032 -10986 A 0.6701 0.9712 30.1N 85.5W 48 136 02m44s
07438 12 1129 Oct 15 03:08:33 962 -10763 A 0.6986 0.9651 28.7N 154.2E 45 172 03m27s
07483 13 1147 Oct 26 11:11:07 897 -10540 A 0.7210 0.9595 27.6N 31.7E 44 207 04m11s
07528 14 1165 Nov 05 19:19:17 835 -10317 A 0.7379 0.9544 26.7N 92.6W 42 242 04m55s
07574 15 1183 Nov 17 03:32:02 777 -10094 A 0.7503 0.9500 26.2N 141.7E 41 274 05m38s
07619 16 1201 Nov 27 11:48:14 724 -9871 A 0.7592 0.9461 26.0N 15.0E 40 302 06m16s
07665 17 1219 Dec 08 20:06:08 673 -9648 A 0.7661 0.9430 26.3N 112.3W 40 327 06m48s
07711 18 1237 Dec 19 04:23:11 626 -9425 A 0.7728 0.9404 27.3N 120.5E 39 348 07m11s
07756 19 1255 Dec 30 12:39:09 582 -9202 A 0.7798 0.9385 28.9N 6.5W 39 365 07m23s
07800 20 1274 Jan 09 20:51:23 541 -8979 A 0.7886 0.9372 31.3N 132.8W 38 380 07m26s
07843 21 1292 Jan 21 04:58:17 502 -8756 A 0.8014 0.9363 34.6N 102.0E 36 395 07m17s
07885 22 1310 Jan 31 12:57:57 467 -8533 A 0.8194 0.9358 38.9N 21.9W 35 415 07m01s
07926 23 1328 Feb 11 20:50:10 433 -8310 A 0.8426 0.9356 44.1N 144.7W 32 442 06m38s
07967 24 1346 Feb 22 04:33:47 401 -8087 A 0.8720 0.9354 50.4N 93.4E 29 488 06m11s
08008 25 1364 Mar 04 12:06:40 372 -7864 A 0.9095 0.9352 57.9N 28.8W 24 580 05m41s
08049 26 1382 Mar 15 19:30:25 344 -7641 A 0.9536 0.9344 66.6N 156.5W 17 827 05m10s
08090 27 1400 Mar 26 02:43:41 317 -7418 A+ 1.0058 0.9506 72.0N 34.0E 0
08130 28 1418 Apr 06 09:48:10 293 -7195 P 1.0643 0.8513 71.5N 86.1W 0
08170 29 1436 Apr 16 16:42:11 269 -6972 P 1.1306 0.7385 70.8N 157.0E 0
08210 30 1454 Apr 27 23:29:09 247 -6749 P 1.2018 0.6169 70.0N 42.5E 0
08249 31 1472 May 08 06:07:58 226 -6526 P 1.2791 0.4848 69.1N 69.4W 0
08289 32 1490 May 19 12:41:05 206 -6303 P 1.3600 0.3462 68.1N 179.2W 0
08330 33 1508 May 29 19:09:02 187 -6080 P 1.4443 0.2019 67.1N 72.8E 0
08372 34 1526 Jun 10 01:34:33 170 -5857 Pe 1.5298 0.0557 66.1N 34.1W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
