Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 112

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 112

Solar eclipses of Saros 112 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0539 Jul 31. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1819 Sep 19. The total duration of Saros series 112 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0539 Jul 31   01:59:02 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1819 Sep 19   13:03:47 TD

                      Duration of Saros 112  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 112 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 112
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 29 40.3%
AnnularA 5 6.9%
TotalT 24 33.3%
Hybrid[3]H 14 19.4%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 112 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 112
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 43100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 112: 21P 24T 14H 5A 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 112 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 112
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1675 Jun 2301m01s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1603 May 1100m07s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1062 Jun 0907m20s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1332 Nov 1802m01s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1350 Nov 3001m42s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1585 Apr 2900m03s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0900 Mar 04 - 0.99328
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1819 Sep 19 - 0.05946

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 112

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 112. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 112.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 112

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

06036 -36  0539 Jul 31  01:59:02   5295 -18063   Pb  -1.4924  0.0889  62.6S 123.1E   0             
06083 -35  0557 Aug 10  09:28:40   5121 -17840   P   -1.4288  0.2066  62.0S   0.9E   0             
06129 -34  0575 Aug 21  17:06:51   4947 -17617   P   -1.3710  0.3137  61.5S 123.3W   0             
06175 -33  0593 Sep 01  00:53:15   4776 -17394   P   -1.3190  0.4100  61.1S 110.6E   0             
06220 -32  0611 Sep 12  08:49:34   4605 -17171   P   -1.2744  0.4929  60.9S  17.9W   0             
06265 -31  0629 Sep 22  16:55:16   4436 -16948   P   -1.2369  0.5622  60.8S 148.7W   0             
06310 -30  0647 Oct 04  01:10:30   4268 -16725   P   -1.2065  0.6186  60.9S  78.1E   0             
06357 -29  0665 Oct 14  09:33:22   4102 -16502   P   -1.1819  0.6641  61.2S  57.0W   0             
06402 -28  0683 Oct 25  18:04:33   3938 -16279   P   -1.1635  0.6981  61.7S 165.7E   0             
06446 -27  0701 Nov 05  02:42:23   3776 -16056   P   -1.1502  0.7226  62.3S  26.6E   0             

06489 -26  0719 Nov 16  11:25:02   3616 -15833   P   -1.1408  0.7402  63.0S 113.8W   0             
06531 -25  0737 Nov 26  20:12:02   3459 -15610   P   -1.1347  0.7516  63.9S 104.4E   0             
06573 -24  0755 Dec 08  05:00:55   3304 -15387   P   -1.1301  0.7604  64.8S  38.2W   0             
06614 -23  0773 Dec 18  13:51:01   3152 -15164   P   -1.1264  0.7678  65.9S 178.5E   0             
06655 -22  0791 Dec 29  22:38:40   3004 -14941   P   -1.1206  0.7792  67.0S  35.4E   0             
06696 -21  0810 Jan 09  07:25:19   2858 -14718   P   -1.1139  0.7924  68.0S 108.0W   0             
06737 -20  0828 Jan 20  16:07:03   2716 -14495   P   -1.1035  0.8129  69.1S 109.3E   0             
06777 -19  0846 Jan 31  00:44:07   2577 -14272   P   -1.0889  0.8414  70.0S  32.9W   0             
06817 -18  0864 Feb 11  09:14:03   2442 -14049   P   -1.0684  0.8814  70.8S 173.9W   0             
06857 -17  0882 Feb 21  17:38:16   2311 -13826   P   -1.0431  0.9309  71.4S  46.0E   0             

06897 -16  0900 Mar 04  01:54:43   2185 -13603   P   -1.0112  0.9933  71.8S  92.6W   0             
06937 -15  0918 Mar 15  10:03:27   2062 -13380   T   -0.9730  1.0489  68.4S  94.4E  13  737  02m53s
06978 -14  0936 Mar 25  18:04:49   1944 -13157   T   -0.9284  1.0555  59.4S  48.5W  21  496  03m37s
07019 -13  0954 Apr 06  01:59:15   1830 -12934   T   -0.8778  1.0611  50.3S 178.9W  28  417  04m20s
07060 -12  0972 Apr 16  09:46:46   1721 -12711   T   -0.8213  1.0660  41.4S  56.2E  34  376  05m04s
07100 -11  0990 Apr 27  17:28:21   1617 -12488   T   -0.7599  1.0700  33.0S  65.2W  40  349  05m45s
07142 -10  1008 May 08  01:04:50   1517 -12265   T   -0.6940  1.0734  25.1S 175.9E  46  330  06m22s
07184 -09  1026 May 19  08:37:49   1421 -12042   T   -0.6251  1.0758  17.8S  58.9E  51  314  06m52s
07226 -08  1044 May 29  16:06:22   1331 -11819   T   -0.5525  1.0775  11.1S  56.2W  56  300  07m12s
07270 -07  1062 Jun 09  23:34:05   1244 -11596   T   -0.4793  1.0781   5.2S 170.2W  61  287  07m20s

07314 -06  1080 Jun 20  07:00:13   1163 -11373   T   -0.4047  1.0779   0.2S  76.9E  66  275  07m18s
07359 -05  1098 Jul 01  14:28:20   1086 -11150   T   -0.3320  1.0768   3.8N  35.8W  71  263  07m05s
07405 -04  1116 Jul 11  21:56:21   1013 -10927   T   -0.2594  1.0748   6.8N 148.0W  75  251  06m46s
07450 -03  1134 Jul 23  05:29:19    944 -10704   T   -0.1910  1.0720   8.6N  99.0E  79  238  06m21s
07495 -02  1152 Aug 02  13:04:59    880 -10481   T   -0.1250  1.0685   9.5N  14.4W  83  225  05m55s
07540 -01  1170 Aug 13  20:46:50    819 -10258   T   -0.0646  1.0645   9.3N 129.3W  86  211  05m28s
07586  00  1188 Aug 24  04:32:58    763 -10035   Tm  -0.0082  1.0598   8.4N 114.6E  90  197  05m01s
07631  01  1206 Sep 04  12:27:26    710  -9812   T    0.0409  1.0549   6.8N   3.7W  88  181  04m36s
07677  02  1224 Sep 14  20:27:49    660  -9589   T    0.0847  1.0496   4.7N 123.7W  85  165  04m11s
07722  03  1242 Sep 26  04:35:39    614  -9366   T    0.1219  1.0443   2.2N 114.3E  83  149  03m48s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 112

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07766  04  1260 Oct 06  12:50:25    571  -9143   T    0.1527  1.0390   0.4S   9.6W  81  132  03m25s
07810  05  1278 Oct 17  21:13:01    530  -8920   T    0.1762  1.0338   3.0S 135.4W  80  116  03m03s
07853  06  1296 Oct 28  05:41:29    493  -8697   T    0.1946  1.0289   5.5S  97.2E  79  100  02m41s
07895  07  1314 Nov 08  14:15:05    457  -8474   T    0.2080  1.0244   7.6S  31.3W  78   85  02m20s
07937  08  1332 Nov 18  22:53:10    424  -8251   T    0.2172  1.0202   9.2S 160.8W  78   71  02m01s
07978  09  1350 Nov 30  07:34:51    393  -8028   H3   0.2227  1.0166  10.3S  68.8E  77   58  01m42s
08019  10  1368 Dec 10  16:17:17    364  -7805   H    0.2270  1.0135  10.5S  61.6W  77   48  01m25s
08060  11  1386 Dec 22  01:00:27    337  -7582   H    0.2300  1.0109  10.0S 167.7E  77   39  01m10s
08100  12  1405 Jan 01  09:41:37    311  -7359   H    0.2343  1.0089   8.6S  37.5E  77   32  00m57s
08140  13  1423 Jan 12  18:20:19    286  -7136   H    0.2400  1.0073   6.2S  92.4W  76   26  00m48s

08180  14  1441 Jan 23  02:52:50    263  -6913   H    0.2503  1.0062   2.9S 138.9E  76   22  00m40s
08220  15  1459 Feb 03  11:20:41    241  -6690   H    0.2638  1.0054   1.1N  11.1E  75   19  00m34s
08260  16  1477 Feb 13  19:40:23    220  -6467   H    0.2833  1.0048   6.0N 115.0W  74   17  00m30s
08300  17  1495 Feb 25  03:52:03    201  -6244   H    0.3090  1.0044  11.5N 120.5E  72   16  00m27s
08342  18  1513 Mar 07  11:54:03    182  -6021   H    0.3421  1.0040  17.6N   1.8W  70   15  00m24s
08384  19  1531 Mar 18  19:47:21    166  -5798   H    0.3818  1.0036  24.3N 122.1W  67   13  00m21s
08425  20  1549 Mar 29  03:30:55    150  -5575   H    0.4285  1.0029  31.4N 120.1E  64   11  00m16s
08466  21  1567 Apr 09  11:04:08    137  -5352   H    0.4830  1.0020  38.9N   4.9E  61    8  00m11s
08507  22  1585 Apr 29  18:28:58    126  -5129   H    0.5436  1.0005  46.6N 107.7W  57    2  00m03s
08548  23  1603 May 11  01:44:59    115  -4906   A    0.6107  0.9987  54.7N 142.6E  52    6  00m07s

08590  24  1621 May 21  08:53:44     92  -4683   A    0.6828  0.9962  63.1N  36.1E  47   18  00m18s
08635  25  1639 Jun 01  15:55:16     65  -4460   A    0.7597  0.9930  71.7N  65.3W  40   38  00m31s
08680  26  1657 Jun 11  22:52:09     39  -4237   A    0.8395  0.9888  80.5N 153.7W  33   73  00m45s
08726  27  1675 Jun 23  05:44:39     18  -4014   A    0.9219  0.9835  84.1N 166.1W  22  154  01m01s
08771  28  1693 Jul 03  12:33:52      8  -3791   P    1.0058  0.9718  64.8N 146.3E   0             
08816  29  1711 Jul 15  19:22:11      9  -3568   P    1.0894  0.8216  63.9N  34.6E   0             
08861  30  1729 Jul 26  02:10:40     11  -3345   P    1.1718  0.6746  63.1N  76.9W   0             
08907  31  1747 Aug 06  09:01:21     12  -3122   P    1.2512  0.5339  62.4N 171.3E   0             
08952  32  1765 Aug 16  15:54:02     15  -2899   P    1.3279  0.3994  61.8N  59.2E   0             
08998  33  1783 Aug 27  22:52:06     17  -2676   P    1.3991  0.2757  61.4N  54.1W   0             

09043  34  1801 Sep 08  05:54:40     13  -2453   P    1.4657  0.1614  61.1N 168.5W   0             
09088  35  1819 Sep 19  13:03:47     12  -2230   Pe   1.5258  0.0595  61.0N  75.6E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26