The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 130 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1096 Aug 20. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2394 Oct 25. The total duration of Saros series 130 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1096 Aug 20 18:35:35 TD Last Eclipse = 2394 Oct 25 17:07:13 TD Duration of Saros 130 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 130 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 130 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 30 | 41.1% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 43 | 58.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 130 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 130 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 130: 21P 43T 9P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 130 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1619 Jul 11 | 06m41s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 2232 Jul 18 | 01m14s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1457 Mar 25 | - | 0.98454 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2394 Oct 25 | - | 0.02980 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 130. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 130.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07355 -35 1096 Aug 20 18:35:35 1093 -11173 Pb -1.5110 0.0743 61.4S 164.7W 0
07401 -34 1114 Sep 01 01:57:49 1020 -10950 P -1.4527 0.1773 61.1S 75.7E 0
07446 -33 1132 Sep 11 09:29:13 951 -10727 P -1.4007 0.2695 60.9S 46.1W 0
07491 -32 1150 Sep 22 17:12:01 886 -10504 P -1.3568 0.3471 60.9S 170.7W 0
07536 -31 1168 Oct 03 01:04:24 826 -10281 P -1.3197 0.4129 61.1S 62.2E 0
07582 -30 1186 Oct 14 09:06:01 769 -10058 P -1.2891 0.4670 61.4S 67.1W 0
07627 -29 1204 Oct 24 17:16:40 715 -9835 P -1.2650 0.5097 61.9S 161.2E 0
07673 -28 1222 Nov 05 01:35:45 665 -9612 P -1.2474 0.5408 62.5S 27.2E 0
07718 -27 1240 Nov 15 10:01:04 619 -9389 P -1.2339 0.5649 63.3S 108.5W 0
07762 -26 1258 Nov 26 18:31:26 575 -9166 P -1.2239 0.5826 64.2S 114.3E 0
07806 -25 1276 Dec 07 03:05:28 535 -8943 P -1.2165 0.5960 65.2S 24.2W 0
07849 -24 1294 Dec 18 11:42:14 497 -8720 P -1.2108 0.6064 66.3S 163.8W 0
07891 -23 1312 Dec 28 20:17:58 461 -8497 P -1.2038 0.6192 67.4S 56.4E 0
07932 -22 1331 Jan 09 04:53:22 428 -8274 P -1.1961 0.6333 68.4S 83.8W 0
07973 -21 1349 Jan 19 13:24:42 396 -8051 P -1.1847 0.6546 69.5S 136.3E 0
08014 -20 1367 Jan 30 21:53:13 367 -7828 P -1.1704 0.6812 70.4S 3.5W 0
08055 -19 1385 Feb 10 06:14:26 339 -7605 P -1.1498 0.7198 71.1S 142.1W 0
08096 -18 1403 Feb 21 14:31:42 313 -7382 P -1.1253 0.7660 71.7S 79.8E 0
08136 -17 1421 Mar 03 22:40:34 289 -7159 P -1.0933 0.8265 72.0S 56.6W 0
08176 -16 1439 Mar 15 06:43:34 265 -6936 P -1.0559 0.8980 72.1S 168.3E 0
08216 -15 1457 Mar 25 14:38:16 243 -6713 P -1.0107 0.9845 71.9S 35.4E 0
08256 -14 1475 Apr 05 22:27:42 222 -6490 T -0.9607 1.0310 60.5S 123.6W 15 386 02m08s
08296 -13 1493 Apr 16 06:10:20 203 -6267 T -0.9042 1.0391 49.5S 107.3E 25 308 03m00s
08337 -12 1511 Apr 27 13:47:24 184 -6044 T -0.8425 1.0463 40.0S 14.7W 32 286 03m50s
08379 -11 1529 May 07 21:19:50 167 -5821 T -0.7760 1.0526 31.3S 133.1W 39 276 04m38s
08420 -10 1547 May 19 04:48:58 152 -5598 T -0.7060 1.0581 23.5S 110.7E 45 270 05m22s
08461 -09 1565 May 29 12:15:00 138 -5375 T -0.6329 1.0629 16.5S 3.7W 51 266 05m57s
08502 -08 1583 Jun 19 19:39:32 127 -5152 T -0.5581 1.0667 10.4S 116.9W 56 262 06m23s
08543 -07 1601 Jun 30 03:03:59 117 -4929 T -0.4826 1.0697 5.3S 130.7E 61 259 06m37s
08585 -06 1619 Jul 11 10:29:59 95 -4706 T -0.4077 1.0718 1.3S 18.6E 66 255 06m41s
08629 -05 1637 Jul 21 17:57:08 68 -4483 T -0.3335 1.0731 1.8N 93.4W 71 251 06m37s
08675 -04 1655 Aug 02 01:28:36 41 -4260 T -0.2625 1.0735 3.7N 154.0E 75 247 06m28s
08721 -03 1673 Aug 12 09:04:05 20 -4037 T -0.1946 1.0731 4.6N 40.6E 79 242 06m15s
08766 -02 1691 Aug 23 16:45:57 9 -3814 T -0.1317 1.0720 4.5N 74.3W 82 236 06m01s
08811 -01 1709 Sep 04 00:32:26 9 -3591 T -0.0725 1.0703 3.7N 169.7E 86 229 05m47s
08856 00 1727 Sep 15 08:27:31 10 -3368 T -0.0202 1.0681 2.2N 51.4E 89 222 05m33s
08902 01 1745 Sep 25 16:28:56 12 -3145 Tm 0.0269 1.0655 0.3N 68.6W 88 214 05m21s
08947 02 1763 Oct 07 00:39:04 15 -2922 T 0.0666 1.0627 2.0S 169.1E 86 206 05m09s
08993 03 1781 Oct 17 08:55:59 17 -2699 T 0.1007 1.0596 4.3S 45.1E 84 197 04m59s
09038 04 1799 Oct 28 17:21:46 14 -2476 T 0.1274 1.0566 6.7S 81.3W 83 188 04m50s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
09083 05 1817 Nov 09 01:53:53 12 -2253 T 0.1487 1.0536 8.9S 150.9E 82 179 04m42s
09128 06 1835 Nov 20 10:31:58 6 -2030 T 0.1649 1.0510 10.7S 21.6E 81 171 04m35s
09172 07 1853 Nov 30 19:15:39 7 -1807 T 0.1763 1.0485 12.0S 109.0W 80 164 04m28s
09215 08 1871 Dec 12 04:03:38 -1 -1584 T 0.1836 1.0465 12.7S 119.4E 80 157 04m23s
09257 09 1889 Dec 22 12:54:15 -6 -1361 T 0.1888 1.0449 12.7S 12.8W 79 152 04m18s
09299 10 1908 Jan 03 21:45:22 8 -1138 T 0.1934 1.0437 11.8S 145.1W 79 149 04m14s
09341 11 1926 Jan 14 06:36:58 24 -915 T 0.1973 1.0430 10.1S 82.3E 79 147 04m11s
09384 12 1944 Jan 25 15:26:42 26 -692 T 0.2025 1.0428 7.6S 50.2W 78 146 04m09s
09424 13 1962 Feb 05 00:12:38 34 -469 T 0.2107 1.0430 4.2S 178.1E 78 147 04m08s
09464 14 1980 Feb 16 08:54:01 51 -246 T 0.2224 1.0434 0.1S 47.1E 77 149 04m08s
09503 15 1998 Feb 26 17:29:27 63 -23 T 0.2391 1.0441 4.7N 82.7W 76 151 04m09s
09543 16 2016 Mar 09 01:58:19 70 200 T 0.2609 1.0450 10.1N 148.8E 75 155 04m09s
09583 17 2034 Mar 20 10:18:45 80 423 T 0.2894 1.0458 16.1N 22.2E 73 159 04m09s
09623 18 2052 Mar 30 18:31:53 97 646 T 0.3238 1.0466 22.4N 102.5W 71 164 04m08s
09665 19 2070 Apr 11 02:36:09 135 869 T 0.3652 1.0472 29.1N 135.1E 68 168 04m04s
09706 20 2088 Apr 21 10:31:49 175 1092 T 0.4135 1.0474 36.0N 15.1E 65 173 03m58s
09747 21 2106 May 03 18:19:20 217 1315 T 0.4681 1.0472 43.1N 102.3W 62 177 03m47s
09788 22 2124 May 14 01:59:10 262 1538 T 0.5286 1.0464 50.3N 143.2E 58 182 03m34s
09829 23 2142 May 25 09:32:37 308 1761 T 0.5937 1.0449 57.4N 31.9E 53 187 03m17s
09871 24 2160 Jun 04 16:58:36 350 1984 T 0.6645 1.0428 64.5N 74.9W 48 192 02m58s
09914 25 2178 Jun 16 00:20:42 391 2207 T 0.7378 1.0396 71.0N 175.3W 42 198 02m36s
09958 26 2196 Jun 26 07:37:40 433 2430 T 0.8149 1.0356 76.3N 97.0E 35 208 02m12s
10002 27 2214 Jul 08 14:52:45 477 2653 T 0.8925 1.0303 78.1N 28.3E 26 230 01m46s
10046 28 2232 Jul 18 22:04:56 524 2876 T 0.9717 1.0229 72.4N 33.4W 13 348 01m14s
10090 29 2250 Jul 30 05:18:25 572 3099 P 1.0490 0.9114 62.9N 124.7W 0
10135 30 2268 Aug 09 12:32:05 623 3322 P 1.1254 0.7684 62.2N 118.0E 0
10181 31 2286 Aug 20 19:48:22 675 3545 P 1.1987 0.6322 61.7N 0.2E 0
10226 32 2304 Sep 01 03:07:40 730 3768 P 1.2684 0.5038 61.4N 118.2W 0
10271 33 2322 Sep 12 10:32:06 787 3991 P 1.3328 0.3865 61.1N 122.2E 0
10316 34 2340 Sep 22 18:01:34 846 4214 P 1.3925 0.2793 61.1N 1.4E 0
10362 35 2358 Oct 04 01:36:39 907 4437 P 1.4464 0.1835 61.1N 120.7W 0
10406 36 2376 Oct 14 09:18:28 970 4660 P 1.4941 0.1003 61.4N 115.4E 0
10450 37 2394 Oct 25 17:07:13 1035 4883 Pe 1.5351 0.0298 61.8N 10.3W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
