Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 146

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 146

Solar eclipses of Saros 146 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1541 Sep 19. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2893 Dec 29. The total duration of Saros series 146 is 1352.26 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1541 Sep 19   20:34:01 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2893 Dec 29   06:42:03 TD

                      Duration of Saros 146  =  1352.26 Years

Saros 146 is composed of 76 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 146
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 76100.0%
PartialP 35 46.1%
AnnularA 24 31.6%
TotalT 13 17.1%
Hybrid[3]H 4 5.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 146 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 146
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 41100.0%
Central (two limits) 41100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 76 eclipses in Saros 146: 22P 13T 4H 24A 13P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 146 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 146
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2659 Aug 1003m30s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2244 Dec 0100m27s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1992 Jun 3005m21s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2154 Oct 0702m05s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2172 Oct 1701m34s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2226 Nov 2000m03s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1920 May 18 - 0.97341
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2893 Dec 29 - 0.00285

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 146

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 146. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 146.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 146

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08408 -46  1541 Sep 19  20:34:01    157  -5668   Pb  -1.5140  0.0378  61.1S 135.3E   0             
08449 -45  1559 Oct 01  04:46:46    142  -5445   P   -1.4772  0.1083  61.3S   3.4E   0             
08490 -44  1577 Oct 11  13:08:02    130  -5222   P   -1.4473  0.1654  61.6S 130.8W   0             
08531 -43  1595 Nov 01  21:36:53    120  -4999   P   -1.4233  0.2111  62.1S  93.1E   0             
08572 -42  1613 Nov 12  06:12:15    102  -4776   P   -1.4048  0.2464  62.7S  44.9W   0             
08616 -41  1631 Nov 23  14:53:44     76  -4553   P   -1.3912  0.2723  63.5S 175.4E   0             
08661 -40  1649 Dec 03  23:40:37     49  -4330   P   -1.3820  0.2896  64.4S  34.1E   0             
08707 -39  1667 Dec 15  08:29:59     26  -4107   P   -1.3752  0.3024  65.3S 108.2W   0             
08752 -38  1685 Dec 25  17:22:35     11  -3884   P   -1.3710  0.3102  66.4S 108.3E   0             
08797 -37  1704 Jan 07  02:14:51      9  -3661   P   -1.3669  0.3177  67.4S  35.5W   0             

08842 -36  1722 Jan 17  11:07:10     10  -3438   P   -1.3629  0.3251  68.5S 179.9W   0             
08888 -35  1740 Jan 28  19:54:59     12  -3215   P   -1.3555  0.3387  69.5S  36.2E   0             
08934 -34  1758 Feb 08  04:40:52     14  -2992   P   -1.3468  0.3549  70.4S 107.8W   0             
08979 -33  1776 Feb 19  13:20:11     16  -2769   P   -1.3334  0.3800  71.1S 109.2E   0             
09025 -32  1794 Mar 01  21:54:00     15  -2546   P   -1.3155  0.4136  71.6S  32.9W   0             
09070 -31  1812 Mar 13  06:19:30     12  -2323   P   -1.2913  0.4594  71.9S 173.3W   0             
09115 -30  1830 Mar 24  14:38:43      7  -2100   P   -1.2622  0.5148  72.0S  47.7E   0             
09159 -29  1848 Apr 03  22:49:07      7  -1877   P   -1.2264  0.5834  71.8S  89.0W   0             
09202 -28  1866 Apr 15  06:51:40      5  -1654   P   -1.1846  0.6637  71.4S 136.6E   0             
09244 -27  1884 Apr 25  14:46:17     -6  -1431   P   -1.1365  0.7563  70.7S   4.6E   0             

09286 -26  1902 May 07  22:34:16      0  -1208   P   -1.0831  0.8593  70.0S 125.1W   0             
09328 -25  1920 May 18  06:14:55     21   -985   P   -1.0239  0.9734  69.1S 107.7E   0             
09371 -24  1938 May 29  13:50:19     24   -762   T   -0.9607  1.0552  52.7S  22.0W  16  675  04m05s
09412 -23  1956 Jun 08  21:20:39     32   -539   T   -0.8934  1.0581  40.8S 140.7W  26  429  04m45s
09452 -22  1974 Jun 20  04:48:04     45   -316   T   -0.8239  1.0592  32.1S 103.7E  34  344  05m09s
09491 -21  1992 Jun 30  12:11:22     59    -93   T   -0.7512  1.0592  25.2S   9.5W  41  294  05m21s
09530 -20  2010 Jul 11  19:34:38     67    130   T   -0.6788  1.0580  19.7S 121.9W  47  259  05m20s
09570 -19  2028 Jul 22  02:56:40     77    353   T   -0.6056  1.0560  15.6S 126.7E  53  230  05m10s
09610 -18  2046 Aug 02  10:21:13     90    576   T   -0.5350  1.0531  12.7S  15.2E  58  206  04m51s
09651 -17  2064 Aug 12  17:46:06    123    799   T   -0.4652  1.0495  10.9S  96.0W  62  184  04m28s

09692 -16  2082 Aug 24  01:16:21    163   1022   T   -0.4004  1.0452  10.3S 151.8E  66  163  04m01s
09734 -15  2100 Sep 04  08:49:20    204   1245   T   -0.3384  1.0402  10.5S  39.0E  70  142  03m32s
09775 -14  2118 Sep 15  16:28:26    248   1468   T   -0.2823  1.0349  11.5S  75.2W  74  122  03m04s
09816 -13  2136 Sep 26  00:12:14    293   1691   T   -0.2309  1.0292  13.0S 169.4E  77  101  02m34s
09858 -12  2154 Oct 07  08:03:50    338   1914   T   -0.1867  1.0234  15.1S  52.1E  79   81  02m05s
09900 -11  2172 Oct 17  16:01:36    378   2137   H3  -0.1484  1.0174  17.3S  66.6W  81   60  01m34s
09944 -10  2190 Oct 29  00:05:50    419   2360   H   -0.1161  1.0116  19.6S 173.2E  83   40  01m04s
09989 -09  2208 Nov 09  08:17:12    463   2583   H   -0.0905  1.0059  21.8S  51.4E  85   20  00m34s
10032 -08  2226 Nov 20  16:34:56    509   2806   Hm  -0.0711  1.0005  23.7S  71.7W  86    2  00m03s
10076 -07  2244 Dec 01  00:58:17    557   3029   A   -0.0568  0.9955  25.1S 164.0E  87   16  00m27s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 146

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10121 -06  2262 Dec 12  09:25:02    607   3252   A   -0.0461  0.9910  25.8S  39.0E  87   32  00m56s
10166 -05  2280 Dec 22  17:55:44    659   3475   A   -0.0392  0.9870  25.8S  86.8W  88   46  01m23s
10212 -04  2299 Jan 03  02:27:43    713   3698   A   -0.0341  0.9836  24.9S 146.9E  88   58  01m47s
10257 -03  2317 Jan 14  10:59:38    769   3921   A   -0.0298  0.9807  23.2S  20.5E  88   69  02m08s
10303 -02  2335 Jan 25  19:29:43    827   4144   A   -0.0247  0.9784  20.6S 105.9W  88   77  02m25s
10349 -01  2353 Feb 05  03:56:55    887   4367   A   -0.0179  0.9766  17.1S 128.0E  89   84  02m38s
10394  00  2371 Feb 16  12:18:49    950   4590   A   -0.0075  0.9753  12.9S   2.7E  89   88  02m48s
10437  01  2389 Feb 26  20:33:52   1014   4813   A    0.0078  0.9744   8.1S 121.3W  90   92  02m55s
10481  02  2407 Mar 10  04:41:40   1081   5036   A    0.0283  0.9739   2.7S 116.1E  88   93  02m59s
10524  03  2425 Mar 20  12:41:12   1149   5259   A    0.0546  0.9735   3.1N   4.7W  87   95  03m02s

10567  04  2443 Mar 31  20:30:25   1220   5482   A    0.0889  0.9734   9.3N 123.1W  85   95  03m02s
10610  05  2461 Apr 11  04:10:36   1293   5705   A    0.1300  0.9732  15.8N 120.8E  82   97  03m02s
10652  06  2479 Apr 22  11:40:30   1367   5928   A    0.1790  0.9731  22.5N   7.5E  80   98  03m01s
10694  07  2497 May 02  19:01:52   1444   6151   A    0.2341  0.9727  29.2N 103.2W  76  100  02m59s
10736  08  2515 May 15  02:12:11   1523   6374   A    0.2976  0.9722  36.0N 149.4E  72  104  02m57s
10777  09  2533 May 25  09:15:50   1604   6597   A    0.3660  0.9712  42.6N  44.8E  68  111  02m56s
10817  10  2551 Jun 05  16:10:40   1687   6820   A    0.4411  0.9699  49.0N  56.1W  64  121  02m55s
10857  11  2569 Jun 15  23:00:08   1773   7043   A    0.5197  0.9680  54.8N 153.7W  58  135  02m56s
10897  12  2587 Jun 27  05:42:58   1860   7266   A    0.6029  0.9656  59.9N 113.1E  53  156  02m58s
10938  13  2605 Jul 08  12:23:21   1949   7489   A    0.6873  0.9626  64.0N  24.0E  46  186  03m03s

10979  14  2623 Jul 19  19:00:06   2040   7712   A    0.7738  0.9589  66.8N  60.2W  39  235  03m10s
11019  15  2641 Jul 30  01:35:56   2134   7935   A    0.8602  0.9545  68.1N 140.0W  30  326  03m20s
11059  16  2659 Aug 10  08:11:51   2229   8158   A    0.9454  0.9487  67.6N 146.8E  19  584  03m30s
11100  17  2677 Aug 20  14:50:18   2327   8381   P    1.0277  0.9182  61.7N  81.5E   0             
11142  18  2695 Aug 31  21:32:02   2427   8604   P    1.1064  0.7816  61.3N  27.3W   0             
11184  19  2713 Sep 12  04:18:12   2528   8827   P    1.1807  0.6536  61.1N 137.1W   0             
11227  20  2731 Sep 23  11:10:46   2632   9050   P    1.2491  0.5366  61.0N 111.6E   0             
11270  21  2749 Oct 03  18:09:52   2738   9273   P    1.3115  0.4305  61.1N   1.4W   0             
11315  22  2767 Oct 15  01:16:22   2846   9496   P    1.3673  0.3366  61.4N 116.2W   0             
11359  23  2785 Oct 25  08:31:14   2956   9719   P    1.4158  0.2555  61.8N 126.8E   0             

11404  24  2803 Nov 05  15:54:34   3068   9942   P    1.4572  0.1871  62.3N   7.6E   0             
11449  25  2821 Nov 15  23:26:43   3182  10165   P    1.4912  0.1314  63.0N 114.0W   0             
11494  26  2839 Nov 27  07:05:15   3299  10388   P    1.5198  0.0847  63.8N 122.6E   0             
11540  27  2857 Dec 07  14:52:22   3417  10611   P    1.5412  0.0502  64.8N   3.2W   0             
11586  28  2875 Dec 18  22:44:21   3537  10834   P    1.5581  0.0230  65.8N 130.6W   0             
11633  29  2893 Dec 29  06:42:03   3660  11057   Pe   1.5706  0.0028  66.8N 100.1E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26