Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 157

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

Solar eclipses of Saros 157 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2058 Jun 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3302 Jul 17. The total duration of Saros series 157 is 1244.08 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   2058 Jun 21   00:19:35 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3302 Jul 17   17:17:19 TD

                      Duration of Saros 157  =  1244.08 Years

Saros 157 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 157
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 70100.0%
PartialP 14 20.0%
AnnularA 19 27.1%
TotalT 34 48.6%
Hybrid[3]H 3 4.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 157 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 157
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 56100.0%
Central (two limits) 54 96.4%
Central (one limit) 2 3.6%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 157: 6P 19A 3H 34T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 157 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2310 Nov 2204m16s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2491 Mar 1000m20s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2725 Jul 3105m57s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2563 Apr 2401m49s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2545 Apr 1201m17s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2509 Mar 2200m12s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 3176 May 01 - 0.95150
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 3302 Jul 17 - 0.10042

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 157. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 157.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09638 -33  2058 Jun 21  00:19:35    110    723   Pb   1.4869  0.1260  65.9N   9.9E   0             
09679 -32  2076 Jul 01  06:50:43    149    946   P    1.4005  0.2746  67.0N  98.1W   0             
09720 -31  2094 Jul 12  13:24:35    190   1169   P    1.3150  0.4224  68.0N 152.8E   0             
09761 -30  2112 Jul 23  19:58:32    233   1392   P    1.2284  0.5725  69.0N  43.1E   0             
09801 -29  2130 Aug 04  02:38:44    277   1615   P    1.1461  0.7158  69.9N  68.7W   0             
09843 -28  2148 Aug 14  09:22:21    324   1838   P    1.0655  0.8562  70.7N 178.0E   0             
09885 -27  2166 Aug 25  16:13:35    364   2061   An   0.9901  0.9531  74.4N  41.5E   7   -   03m00s
09929 -26  2184 Sep 04  23:11:00    405   2284   A    0.9185  0.9576  67.1N 123.3W  23  393  03m12s
09973 -25  2202 Sep 17  06:18:53    448   2507   A    0.8546  0.9597  57.1N 114.2E  31  281  03m24s
10017 -24  2220 Sep 27  13:35:07    493   2730   A    0.7966  0.9609  48.0N   2.8W  37  232  03m36s

10061 -23  2238 Oct 08  21:01:18    540   2953   A    0.7459  0.9618  40.1N 119.7W  41  206  03m47s
10105 -22  2256 Oct 19  04:37:31    589   3176   A    0.7025  0.9624  33.1N 122.3E  45  190  03m59s
10150 -21  2274 Oct 30  12:24:18    641   3399   A    0.6667  0.9629  27.0N   2.4E  48  179  04m08s
10196 -20  2292 Nov 09  20:20:07    694   3622   A    0.6376  0.9635  22.0N 119.1W  50  171  04m14s
10241 -19  2310 Nov 22  04:24:19    749   3845   A    0.6145  0.9642  17.9N 117.8E  52  164  04m16s
10286 -18  2328 Dec 02  12:36:37    807   4068   A    0.5974  0.9652  14.8N   6.9W  53  157  04m13s
10332 -17  2346 Dec 13  20:55:36    867   4291   A    0.5848  0.9665  12.8N 133.1W  54  149  04m04s
10378 -16  2364 Dec 24  05:18:59    928   4514   A    0.5752  0.9683  11.6N  99.8E  55  139  03m48s
10422 -15  2383 Jan 04  13:46:26    992   4737   A    0.5682  0.9706  11.4N  28.1W  55  128  03m26s
10466 -14  2401 Jan 14  22:15:20   1058   4960   A    0.5617  0.9735  11.9N 156.4W  56  114  03m00s

10509 -13  2419 Jan 26  06:44:37   1126   5183   A    0.5550  0.9770  13.2N  75.2E  56   98  02m30s
10552 -12  2437 Feb 05  15:11:25   1196   5406   A    0.5453  0.9810  14.9N  52.5W  57   79  01m58s
10595 -11  2455 Feb 16  23:36:27   1268   5629   A    0.5335  0.9857  17.1N 179.6W  58   59  01m25s
10637 -10  2473 Feb 27  07:56:51   1342   5852   A    0.5168  0.9907  19.6N  54.6E  59   37  00m53s
10679 -09  2491 Mar 10  16:11:57   1418   6075   A    0.4952  0.9964  22.2N  69.6W  60   14  00m20s
10721 -08  2509 Mar 22  00:20:47   1496   6298   H    0.4676  1.0023  24.8N 168.2E  62    9  00m12s
10762 -07  2527 Apr 02  08:23:26   1576   6521   H    0.4341  1.0086  27.3N  48.1E  64   33  00m45s
10803 -06  2545 Apr 12  16:19:46   1659   6744   H    0.3942  1.0149  29.4N  69.8W  67   55  01m17s
10843 -05  2563 Apr 24  00:08:31   1743   6967   T    0.3474  1.0213  31.1N 174.8E  70   77  01m49s
10883 -04  2581 May 04  07:51:50   1830   7190   T    0.2951  1.0276  32.0N  61.3E  73   98  02m22s

10924 -03  2599 May 15  15:28:44   1918   7413   T    0.2370  1.0337  32.0N  50.2W  76  117  02m56s
10965 -02  2617 May 26  23:01:04   2009   7636   T    0.1741  1.0394  31.0N 160.5W  80  134  03m30s
11006 -01  2635 Jun 07  06:28:22   2102   7859   T    0.1063  1.0447  28.8N  90.3E  84  150  04m04s
11045  00  2653 Jun 17  13:53:05   2197   8082   T    0.0356  1.0493  25.5N  18.8W  88  164  04m37s
11086  01  2671 Jun 28  21:15:30   2293   8305   T   -0.0374  1.0534  21.1N 128.0W  88  177  05m07s
11127  02  2689 Jul 09  04:36:31   2392   8528   Tm  -0.1123  1.0568  15.8N 122.4E  84  188  05m31s
11169  03  2707 Jul 21  11:58:10   2493   8751   T   -0.1871  1.0593   9.8N  11.7E  79  199  05m48s
11211  04  2725 Jul 31  19:21:13   2597   8974   T   -0.2611  1.0612   3.1N 100.0W  75  208  05m57s
11254  05  2743 Aug 12  02:47:40   2702   9197   T   -0.3329  1.0623   4.0S 146.9E  71  216  05m56s
11299  06  2761 Aug 22  10:17:10   2809   9420   T   -0.4025  1.0626  11.5S  32.4E  66  223  05m47s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

11344  07  2779 Sep 02  17:52:25   2918   9643   T   -0.4676  1.0622  19.2S  83.8W  62  230  05m31s
11389  08  2797 Sep 13  01:33:06   3030   9866   T   -0.5286  1.0611  26.9S 158.4E  58  235  05m11s
11434  09  2815 Sep 24  09:20:27   3143  10089   T   -0.5844  1.0596  34.6S  38.7E  54  240  04m48s
11479  10  2833 Oct 04  17:14:56   3259  10312   T   -0.6347  1.0576  42.2S  82.6W  50  244  04m23s
11525  11  2851 Oct 16  01:17:27   3376  10535   T   -0.6786  1.0553  49.5S 154.4E  47  248  04m00s
11571  12  2869 Oct 26  09:28:07   3496  10758   T   -0.7160  1.0528  56.5S  30.1E  44  250  03m38s
11618  13  2887 Nov 06  17:45:34   3618  10981   T   -0.7479  1.0502  63.0S  94.6W  41  252  03m18s
11665  14  2905 Nov 18  02:11:36   3742  11204   T   -0.7731  1.0477  68.9S 141.3E  39  252  03m01s
11710  15  2923 Nov 29  10:43:53   3867  11427   T   -0.7936  1.0454  73.8S  20.2E  37  251  02m47s
11755  16  2941 Dec 09  19:23:14   3995  11650   T   -0.8082  1.0434  77.0S  95.1W  36  248  02m36s

11799  17  2959 Dec 21  04:06:06   4125  11873   T   -0.8202  1.0417  77.9S 155.0E  35  246  02m28s
11843  18  2977 Dec 31  12:54:33   4258  12096   T   -0.8278  1.0405  76.1S  40.7E  34  244  02m23s
11888  19  2996 Jan 11  21:44:38   4392  12319   T   -0.8345  1.0397  72.9S  81.5W  33  243  02m20s
-----  20  3014 Jan 23  06:36:40   4528  12542   T   -0.8397  1.0394  68.9S 150.1E  33  244  02m20s
-----  21  3032 Feb 03  15:27:40   4666  12765   T   -0.8461  1.0395  64.9S  19.0E  32  248  02m22s
-----  22  3050 Feb 14  00:17:54   4807  12988   T   -0.8533  1.0400  61.0S 113.6W  31  255  02m26s
-----  23  3068 Feb 25  09:03:58   4949  13211   T   -0.8641  1.0407  57.5S 114.4E  30  268  02m31s
-----  24  3086 Mar 07  17:46:00   5094  13434   T   -0.8784  1.0416  54.6S  16.9W  28  287  02m38s
-----  25  3104 Mar 19  02:22:05   5240  13657   T   -0.8979  1.0426  52.7S 146.4W  26  318  02m44s
-----  26  3122 Mar 30  10:52:38   5389  13880   T   -0.9220  1.0433  51.9S  85.9E  22  368  02m50s

-----  27  3140 Apr 09  19:14:26   5540  14103   T   -0.9534  1.0436  53.2S  37.8W  17  480  02m51s
-----  28  3158 Apr 21  03:29:39   5693  14326   Ts  -0.9899  1.0421  58.3S 153.9W   7   -   02m39s
-----  29  3176 May 01  11:35:58   5848  14549   P   -1.0337  0.9515  62.3S  88.4E   0             
-----  30  3194 May 12  19:36:07   6005  14772   P   -1.0825  0.8589  63.0S  40.0W   0             
-----  31  3212 May 23  03:26:31   6164  14995   P   -1.1388  0.7514  63.8S 166.3W   0             
-----  32  3230 Jun 03  11:12:09   6325  15218   P   -1.1988  0.6368  64.6S  68.4E   0             
-----  33  3248 Jun 13  18:49:45   6488  15441   P   -1.2645  0.5110  65.6S  55.2W   0             
-----  34  3266 Jun 25  02:23:46   6653  15664   P   -1.3329  0.3802  66.6S 178.3W   0             
-----  35  3284 Jul 05  09:51:17   6820  15887   P   -1.4059  0.2406  67.6S  59.9E   0             
-----  36  3302 Jul 17  17:17:19   6990  16110   Pe  -1.4796  0.1004  68.6S  62.1W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26