The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 175 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2597 Jul 05. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3841 Jul 31. The total duration of Saros series 175 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2597 Jul 05 17:53:16 TD Last Eclipse = 3841 Jul 31 21:40:43 TD Duration of Saros 175 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 175 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 175 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.4% |
| Annular | A | 26 | 37.1% |
| Total | T | 24 | 34.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 5 | 7.1% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 175 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 175 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 53 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 175: 7P 26A 5H 24T 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 175 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 175 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2867 Dec 17 | 09m55s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 3174 Jun 21 | 00m14s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 3679 Apr 23 | 02m49s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 3480 Dec 24 | 01m04s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 3264 Aug 14 | 01m45s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 3192 Jul 01 | 00m17s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 3715 May 16 | - | 0.91925 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2597 Jul 05 | - | 0.04371 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 175. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 175.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
10920 -33 2597 Jul 05 17:53:16 1909 7390 Pb 1.5370 0.0437 67.4N 99.2E 0
10961 -32 2615 Jul 18 00:19:58 2000 7613 P 1.4533 0.1869 68.4N 8.1W 0
11002 -31 2633 Jul 28 06:45:14 2092 7836 P 1.3679 0.3330 69.4N 115.6W 0
11041 -30 2651 Aug 08 13:13:27 2187 8059 P 1.2844 0.4757 70.3N 135.6E 0
11082 -29 2669 Aug 18 19:43:41 2283 8282 P 1.2020 0.6161 71.1N 25.7E 0
11123 -28 2687 Aug 30 02:19:46 2382 8505 P 1.1238 0.7490 71.7N 86.2W 0
11165 -27 2705 Sep 10 08:59:54 2483 8728 P 1.0484 0.8767 72.2N 160.4E 0
11207 -26 2723 Sep 21 15:48:55 2586 8951 An 0.9799 0.9291 70.0N 12.0E 11 - 05m24s
11250 -25 2741 Oct 01 22:44:42 2691 9174 A 0.9163 0.9303 58.5N 120.9W 23 652 06m14s
11293 -24 2759 Oct 13 05:50:16 2798 9397 A 0.8601 0.9301 49.0N 122.5E 30 509 07m00s
11338 -23 2777 Oct 23 13:04:19 2907 9620 A 0.8102 0.9294 40.9N 7.9E 36 448 07m45s
11383 -22 2795 Nov 03 20:29:04 3018 9843 A 0.7683 0.9285 34.2N 107.5W 40 416 08m26s
11428 -21 2813 Nov 14 04:02:23 3131 10066 A 0.7331 0.9276 28.6N 136.0E 43 398 09m04s
11473 -20 2831 Nov 25 11:44:06 3247 10289 A 0.7040 0.9270 24.1N 18.1E 45 386 09m32s
11519 -19 2849 Dec 05 19:34:20 3364 10512 A 0.6814 0.9266 20.7N 101.4W 47 377 09m51s
11565 -18 2867 Dec 17 03:31:29 3484 10735 A 0.6635 0.9266 18.4N 137.7E 48 369 09m55s
11612 -17 2885 Dec 27 11:34:23 3605 10958 A 0.6500 0.9270 17.1N 15.6E 49 360 09m46s
11659 -16 2904 Jan 08 19:40:31 3729 11181 A 0.6386 0.9281 16.7N 107.2W 50 348 09m24s
11705 -15 2922 Jan 19 03:50:04 3854 11404 A 0.6295 0.9296 17.2N 129.3E 51 335 08m53s
11750 -14 2940 Jan 30 11:59:57 3982 11627 A 0.6198 0.9319 18.3N 5.8E 52 319 08m15s
11794 -13 2958 Feb 09 20:08:50 4112 11850 A 0.6088 0.9347 20.0N 117.4W 52 301 07m33s
11838 -12 2976 Feb 21 04:15:07 4244 12073 A 0.5951 0.9382 22.1N 120.2E 53 279 06m49s
11882 -11 2994 Mar 03 12:17:48 4378 12296 A 0.5777 0.9422 24.5N 1.0W 55 256 06m06s
----- -10 3012 Mar 14 20:15:28 4514 12519 A 0.5556 0.9469 27.1N 120.6W 56 231 05m24s
----- -09 3030 Mar 26 04:06:54 4652 12742 A 0.5274 0.9519 29.6N 121.9E 58 204 04m45s
----- -08 3048 Apr 05 11:52:11 4792 12965 A 0.4933 0.9575 32.0N 6.6E 60 176 04m06s
----- -07 3066 Apr 16 19:30:46 4934 13188 A 0.4529 0.9632 34.1N 106.4W 63 148 03m31s
----- -06 3084 Apr 27 03:01:50 5079 13411 A 0.4054 0.9692 35.6N 143.3E 66 120 02m56s
----- -05 3102 May 09 10:26:36 5225 13634 A 0.3518 0.9752 36.3N 35.3E 69 94 02m23s
----- -04 3120 May 19 17:44:57 5374 13857 A 0.2920 0.9812 36.1N 70.8W 73 70 01m50s
----- -03 3138 May 31 00:58:59 5524 14080 A 0.2276 0.9870 34.7N 175.7W 77 47 01m18s
----- -02 3156 Jun 10 08:06:40 5677 14303 A 0.1571 0.9927 32.0N 80.7E 81 26 00m46s
----- -01 3174 Jun 21 15:12:22 5831 14526 A 0.0842 0.9978 28.3N 23.2W 85 8 00m14s
----- 00 3192 Jul 01 22:14:22 5988 14749 H 0.0075 1.0026 23.4N 126.9W 89 9 00m17s
----- 01 3210 Jul 13 05:16:37 6147 14972 H -0.0699 1.0069 17.6N 128.4E 86 24 00m46s
----- 02 3228 Jul 23 12:17:27 6308 15195 Hm -0.1493 1.0106 11.1N 23.2E 81 37 01m11s
----- 03 3246 Aug 03 19:21:42 6471 15418 H -0.2267 1.0136 4.0N 83.6W 77 48 01m31s
----- 04 3264 Aug 14 02:28:00 6636 15641 H2 -0.3029 1.0161 3.5S 168.4E 72 58 01m45s
----- 05 3282 Aug 25 09:38:51 6803 15864 T -0.3761 1.0180 11.3S 58.8E 68 66 01m53s
----- 06 3300 Sep 05 16:54:28 6972 16087 T -0.4462 1.0192 19.3S 52.3W 63 73 01m55s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
----- 07 3318 Sep 17 00:17:10 7144 16310 T -0.5112 1.0200 27.3S 165.4W 59 79 01m53s
----- 08 3336 Sep 27 07:46:54 7317 16533 T -0.5710 1.0202 35.3S 79.6E 55 84 01m48s
----- 09 3354 Oct 08 15:24:22 7492 16756 T -0.6252 1.0201 43.1S 37.1W 51 87 01m40s
----- 10 3372 Oct 18 23:10:32 7670 16979 T -0.6728 1.0196 50.6S 155.7W 47 90 01m32s
----- 11 3390 Oct 30 07:05:43 7849 17202 T -0.7138 1.0190 57.7S 84.4E 44 93 01m24s
----- 12 3408 Nov 10 15:09:24 8031 17425 T -0.7485 1.0183 64.4S 36.1W 41 95 01m17s
----- 13 3426 Nov 21 23:21:50 8215 17648 T -0.7766 1.0177 70.2S 155.8W 39 97 01m11s
----- 14 3444 Dec 02 07:42:07 8400 17871 T -0.7989 1.0172 75.0S 88.1E 37 99 01m07s
----- 15 3462 Dec 13 16:10:14 8588 18094 T -0.8153 1.0170 77.8S 21.6W 35 101 01m04s
----- 16 3480 Dec 24 00:43:17 8778 18317 T -0.8282 1.0171 78.0S 127.8W 34 106 01m04s
----- 17 3499 Jan 04 09:23:01 8970 18540 T -0.8363 1.0177 75.7S 118.4E 33 111 01m05s
----- 18 3517 Jan 15 18:05:40 9164 18763 T -0.8428 1.0187 72.1S 3.8W 32 119 01m09s
----- 19 3535 Jan 27 02:51:40 9360 18986 T -0.8469 1.0203 68.0S 132.1W 32 130 01m15s
----- 20 3553 Feb 06 11:37:00 9559 19209 T -0.8520 1.0222 63.9S 97.4E 31 144 01m23s
----- 21 3571 Feb 17 20:23:21 9759 19432 T -0.8569 1.0246 59.9S 34.9W 31 161 01m34s
----- 22 3589 Feb 28 05:06:43 9961 19655 T -0.8651 1.0274 56.4S 166.7W 30 183 01m46s
----- 23 3607 Mar 11 13:47:16 10166 19878 T -0.8759 1.0305 53.4S 61.9E 29 210 02m00s
----- 24 3625 Mar 21 22:22:33 10372 20101 T -0.8917 1.0336 51.3S 67.8W 27 246 02m15s
----- 25 3643 Apr 02 06:53:11 10581 20324 T -0.9117 1.0368 50.2S 163.8E 24 296 02m30s
----- 26 3661 Apr 12 15:16:58 10791 20547 T -0.9378 1.0398 50.8S 38.0E 20 380 02m42s
----- 27 3679 Apr 23 23:34:11 11004 20770 T -0.9697 1.0420 53.9S 84.1W 13 583 02m49s
----- 28 3697 May 04 07:44:22 11219 20993 T- -1.0079 1.0007 62.6S 165.7E 0
----- 29 3715 May 16 15:48:06 11436 21216 P -1.0514 0.9193 63.3S 36.5E 0
----- 30 3733 May 26 23:44:17 11655 21439 P -1.1015 0.8244 64.2S 91.0W 0
----- 31 3751 Jun 07 07:34:51 11876 21662 P -1.1563 0.7198 65.1S 142.6E 0
----- 32 3769 Jun 17 15:19:18 12099 21885 P -1.2161 0.6047 66.0S 17.4E 0
----- 33 3787 Jun 28 23:00:16 12324 22108 P -1.2789 0.4831 67.0S 107.3W 0
----- 34 3805 Jul 10 06:35:31 12551 22331 P -1.3462 0.3523 68.0S 128.9E 0
----- 35 3823 Jul 21 14:09:36 12780 22554 P -1.4144 0.2196 69.0S 4.9E 0
----- 36 3841 Jul 31 21:40:43 13012 22777 Pe -1.4848 0.0826 69.9S 118.8W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
