The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 11 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -2371 Jun 29. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -1055 Aug 27. The total duration of Saros series 11 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -2371 Jun 29 12:50:32 TD
Last Eclipse = -1055 Aug 27 22:28:12 TD
Duration of Saros 11 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 11 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 11 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 30 | 40.5% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 21.6% |
| Total | T | 28 | 37.8% |
The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 11 occur in the order of 21N 8P 28T 8P 9N which corresponds to:
21 Penumbral
8 Partial
28 Total
8 Partial
9 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 11 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1758 Jul 01 Duration = 01h42m33s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1361 Feb 25 Duration = 00h22m13s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1866 Apr 28 Duration = 03h18m03s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1992 Feb 12 Duration = 00h57m09s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -2010 Jan 31 Duration = 04h41m14s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1055 Aug 27 Duration = 01h03m47s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 11 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1866 Apr 28 Magnitude = 0.9507
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1992 Feb 12 Magnitude = 0.0571
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 11 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -34 -2371 Jun 29 12:50:32 55931 -54057 Nb t- -1.5291 0.0895 -0.9845 92.6 - -
02 -33 -2353 Jul 10 19:24:53 55451 -53834 N t- -1.4586 0.2204 -0.8567 143.8 - -
03 -32 -2335 Jul 21 02:07:33 54972 -53611 N t- -1.3941 0.3405 -0.7399 177.0 - -
04 -31 -2317 Aug 01 08:59:29 54496 -53388 N t- -1.3367 0.4476 -0.6363 201.0 - -
05 -30 -2299 Aug 11 15:59:50 54022 -53165 N t- -1.2856 0.5430 -0.5442 219.6 - -
06 -29 -2281 Aug 22 23:11:23 53549 -52942 N t- -1.2429 0.6229 -0.4675 233.4 - -
07 -28 -2263 Sep 02 06:32:23 53079 -52719 N t- -1.2075 0.6894 -0.4039 244.1 - -
08 -27 -2245 Sep 13 14:04:23 52611 -52496 N t- -1.1805 0.7402 -0.3556 251.6 - -
09 -26 -2227 Sep 23 21:43:43 52145 -52273 N t- -1.1590 0.7807 -0.3173 257.3 - -
10 -25 -2209 Oct 05 05:32:58 51681 -52050 N t- -1.1452 0.8067 -0.2926 260.7 - -
11 -24 -2191 Oct 15 13:27:51 51220 -51827 N t- -1.1355 0.8249 -0.2753 262.8 - -
12 -23 -2173 Oct 26 21:28:42 50760 -51604 N t- -1.1301 0.8348 -0.2653 263.8 - -
13 -22 -2155 Nov 06 05:32:12 50302 -51381 N t- -1.1264 0.8413 -0.2581 264.2 - -
14 -21 -2137 Nov 17 13:38:23 49846 -51158 N t- -1.1239 0.8449 -0.2528 264.2 - -
15 -20 -2119 Nov 27 21:43:43 49393 -50935 N t- -1.1204 0.8500 -0.2452 264.3 - -
16 -19 -2101 Dec 09 05:47:01 48941 -50712 N t- -1.1144 0.8594 -0.2325 264.7 - -
17 -18 -2083 Dec 19 13:46:57 48492 -50489 N t- -1.1050 0.8748 -0.2131 265.9 - -
18 -17 -2065 Dec 30 21:42:08 48045 -50266 N t- -1.0905 0.8988 -0.1843 268.0 - -
19 -16 -2046 Jan 10 05:30:00 47599 -50043 N t- -1.0695 0.9347 -0.1432 271.3 - -
20 -15 -2028 Jan 21 13:10:56 47156 -49820 N t- -1.0421 0.9822 -0.0899 275.7 - -
21 -14 -2010 Jan 31 20:43:50 46715 -49597 Nx t- -1.0071 1.0433 -0.0226 281.2 - -
22 -13 -1992 Feb 12 04:09:50 46276 -49374 P t- -0.9653 1.1167 0.0571 287.5 57.2 -
23 -12 -1974 Feb 22 11:25:58 45839 -49151 P t- -0.9146 1.2066 0.1534 294.6 92.1 -
24 -11 -1956 Mar 04 18:36:11 45404 -48928 P t- -0.8581 1.3071 0.2602 301.8 117.8 -
25 -10 -1938 Mar 16 01:37:58 44971 -48705 P t- -0.7937 1.4221 0.3815 309.3 139.7 -
26 -09 -1920 Mar 26 08:35:29 44541 -48482 P t- -0.7246 1.5457 0.5112 316.3 158.0 -
27 -08 -1902 Apr 06 15:26:31 44112 -48259 P t- -0.6490 1.6817 0.6528 323.0 173.9 -
28 -07 -1884 Apr 16 22:16:03 43685 -48036 P h- -0.5708 1.8224 0.7988 328.8 187.1 -
29 -06 -1866 Apr 28 05:02:45 43261 -47813 P h- -0.4893 1.9696 0.9507 333.7 198.0 -
30 -05 -1848 May 08 11:49:34 42838 -47590 T h- -0.4066 2.1192 1.1047 337.6 206.7 49.9
31 -04 -1830 May 19 18:37:15 42418 -47367 T a- -0.3234 2.2700 1.2592 340.5 213.3 74.4
32 -03 -1812 May 30 01:27:55 41999 -47144 T- p- -0.2416 2.4185 1.4109 342.2 218.0 88.4
33 -02 -1794 Jun 10 08:23:06 41583 -46921 T- pp -0.1621 2.5630 1.5580 343.0 220.8 96.7
34 -01 -1776 Jun 20 15:22:56 41169 -46698 T- pp -0.0855 2.7026 1.6997 342.9 222.2 101.2
35 00 -1758 Jul 01 22:30:36 40757 -46475 T- pp -0.0144 2.8322 1.8309 342.0 222.2 102.5
36 01 -1740 Jul 12 05:45:25 40347 -46252 T+ pp 0.0515 2.7636 1.7634 340.5 221.2 101.7
37 02 -1722 Jul 23 13:09:47 39939 -46029 T+ pp 0.1105 2.6550 1.6554 338.6 219.4 99.1
38 03 -1704 Aug 02 20:42:26 39533 -45806 T+ pp 0.1634 2.5577 1.5585 336.4 217.2 95.2
39 04 -1686 Aug 14 04:26:03 39129 -45583 T+ pp 0.2081 2.4757 1.4766 334.2 214.6 90.7
40 05 -1668 Aug 24 12:18:49 38727 -45360 T+ -p 0.2456 2.4068 1.4077 331.9 212.1 85.9
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 06 -1650 Sep 04 20:21:35 38328 -45137 T -p 0.2756 2.3519 1.3526 329.8 209.7 81.3
42 07 -1632 Sep 15 04:33:38 37930 -44914 T -p 0.2985 2.3099 1.3105 328.0 207.7 77.3
43 08 -1614 Sep 26 12:55:27 37535 -44691 T -p 0.3143 2.2809 1.2816 326.3 206.0 74.1
44 09 -1596 Oct 06 21:24:52 37141 -44468 T -p 0.3242 2.2625 1.2636 325.0 204.8 72.0
45 10 -1578 Oct 18 06:01:03 36750 -44245 T -p 0.3293 2.2528 1.2546 323.8 203.9 70.8
46 11 -1560 Oct 28 14:42:27 36360 -44022 T -p 0.3307 2.2497 1.2526 322.9 203.3 70.4
47 12 -1542 Nov 08 23:28:34 35973 -43799 T -p 0.3290 2.2520 1.2564 322.0 203.0 70.7
48 13 -1524 Nov 19 08:15:38 35588 -43576 T -p 0.3273 2.2542 1.2607 321.2 202.8 71.1
49 14 -1506 Nov 30 17:04:02 35205 -43353 T -p 0.3251 2.2569 1.2660 320.3 202.6 71.5
50 15 -1488 Dec 11 01:49:55 34824 -43130 T -p 0.3257 2.2541 1.2664 319.3 202.2 71.5
51 16 -1470 Dec 22 10:34:13 34445 -42907 T -p 0.3280 2.2481 1.2639 318.3 201.8 71.1
52 17 -1451 Jan 01 19:11:48 34068 -42684 T -p 0.3366 2.2303 1.2500 316.9 200.9 69.5
53 18 -1433 Jan 13 03:45:44 33693 -42461 T -p 0.3488 2.2059 1.2299 315.4 199.8 67.0
54 19 -1415 Jan 23 12:11:11 33321 -42238 T -p 0.3686 2.1673 1.1957 313.5 198.1 62.5
55 20 -1397 Feb 03 20:30:24 32950 -42015 T -p 0.3939 2.1185 1.1515 311.2 195.9 55.7
56 21 -1379 Feb 14 04:40:05 32581 -41792 T -p 0.4276 2.0545 1.0919 308.4 192.7 44.2
57 22 -1361 Feb 25 12:43:42 32215 -41569 T -a 0.4667 1.9805 1.0223 305.2 188.7 22.2
58 23 -1343 Mar 07 20:38:48 31850 -41346 P -a 0.5135 1.8925 0.9385 301.2 183.4 -
59 24 -1325 Mar 19 04:26:40 31488 -41123 P -a 0.5667 1.7931 0.8428 296.4 176.6 -
60 25 -1307 Mar 29 12:07:49 31128 -40900 P -a 0.6257 1.6831 0.7362 290.8 167.9 -
61 26 -1289 Apr 09 19:43:51 30769 -40677 P -a 0.6893 1.5649 0.6208 284.1 157.0 -
62 27 -1271 Apr 20 03:15:02 30413 -40454 P -a 0.7572 1.4392 0.4973 276.3 143.2 -
63 28 -1253 May 01 10:42:31 30059 -40231 P -a 0.8285 1.3075 0.3672 267.3 125.4 -
64 29 -1235 May 11 18:07:55 29707 -40008 P -a 0.9016 1.1729 0.2335 256.9 101.9 -
65 30 -1217 May 23 01:32:39 29357 -39785 P -a 0.9752 1.0378 0.0986 245.3 67.5 -
66 31 -1199 Jun 02 08:56:29 29009 -39562 N -a 1.0494 0.9020 -0.0377 232.1 - -
67 32 -1181 Jun 13 16:22:17 28663 -39339 N -a 1.1219 0.7695 -0.1714 217.5 - -
68 33 -1163 Jun 23 23:49:57 28320 -39116 N -a 1.1924 0.6410 -0.3016 201.3 - -
69 34 -1145 Jul 05 07:22:19 27978 -38893 N -a 1.2589 0.5202 -0.4249 183.7 - -
70 35 -1127 Jul 15 14:57:49 27638 -38670 N -a 1.3224 0.4053 -0.5429 164.2 - -
71 36 -1109 Jul 26 22:40:31 27301 -38447 N -a 1.3795 0.3023 -0.6494 143.5 - -
72 37 -1091 Aug 06 06:28:49 26965 -38224 N -a 1.4317 0.2085 -0.7472 120.4 - -
73 38 -1073 Aug 17 14:25:20 26632 -38001 N -a 1.4771 0.1274 -0.8325 95.0 - -
74 39 -1055 Aug 27 22:28:12 26301 -37778 N -a 1.5170 0.0564 -0.9081 63.8 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
