Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 100

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 100 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0439 Dec 06. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1846 Apr 11. The total duration of Saros series 100 is 1406.35 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  0439 Dec 06   18:28:44 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  1846 Apr 11   18:11:36 TD

                      Duration of Saros 100  =  1406.35 Years

Saros 100 is composed of 79 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 100
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 79100.0%
PenumbralN 35 44.3%
PartialP 15 19.0%
TotalT 29 36.7%

The 79 lunar eclipses in Saros 100 occur in the order of 15N 7P 29T 8P 20N which corresponds to:

                                    15  Penumbral
                                     7  Partial
                                    29  Total
                                     8  Partial
                                    20  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 100 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1215 Mar 17      Duration = 01h38m43s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    0836 Jul 31      Duration = 00h21m44s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0818 Jul 21      Duration = 03h04m15s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1485 Aug 25      Duration = 00h30m08s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    0692 May 06      Duration = 04h04m59s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    0439 Dec 06      Duration = 00h22m33s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 100 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1359 Jun 11      Magnitude = 0.9228
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1485 Aug 25      Magnitude = 0.0183

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 100 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 100

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -42   0439 Dec 06  18:28:44   6273 -19296   N   a-   1.5720  0.0057 -1.0584   22.5    -      -  
 02  -41   0457 Dec 17  02:49:24   6095 -19073   N   a-   1.5642  0.0185 -1.0423   40.5    -      -  
 03  -40   0475 Dec 28  11:11:04   5917 -18850   N   a-   1.5564  0.0307 -1.0262   51.9    -      -  
 04  -39   0494 Jan 07  19:29:20   5741 -18627   N   a-   1.5456  0.0483 -1.0041   64.8    -      -  
 05  -38   0512 Jan 19  03:44:14   5564 -18404   N   a-   1.5313  0.0719 -0.9753   78.5    -      -  
 06  -37   0530 Jan 29  11:53:03   5388 -18181   N   a-   1.5117  0.1050 -0.9366   94.2    -      -  
 07  -36   0548 Feb 09  19:56:47   5212 -17958   N   a-   1.4871  0.1472 -0.8884  110.7    -      -  
 08  -35   0566 Feb 20  03:53:05   5039 -17735   N   a-   1.4558  0.2014 -0.8280  128.2    -      -  
 09  -34   0584 Mar 02  11:42:34   4866 -17512   N   a-   1.4183  0.2671 -0.7558  146.1    -      -  
 10  -33   0602 Mar 13  19:24:44   4695 -17289   N   a-   1.3739  0.3452 -0.6711  164.1    -      -  

 11  -32   0620 Mar 24  03:00:44   4525 -17066   N   a-   1.3235  0.4345 -0.5755  181.7    -      -  
 12  -31   0638 Apr 04  10:29:18   4356 -16843   N   a-   1.2660  0.5368 -0.4669  199.1    -      -  
 13  -30   0656 Apr 14  17:53:08   4190 -16620   N   a-   1.2035  0.6485 -0.3492  215.5    -      -  
 14  -29   0674 Apr 26  01:11:35   4025 -16397   N   a-   1.1354  0.7707 -0.2214  231.0    -      -  
 15  -28   0692 May 06  08:27:53   3861 -16174   N   a-   1.0645  0.8982 -0.0888  245.0    -      -  
 16  -27   0710 May 17  15:39:32   3700 -15951   P   a-   0.9885  1.0352  0.0528  258.1   51.8    -  
 17  -26   0728 May 27  22:51:52   3542 -15728   P   a-   0.9121  1.1733  0.1950  269.6   97.3    -  
 18  -25   0746 Jun 08  06:02:24   3386 -15505   P   a-   0.8329  1.3169  0.3421  279.9  125.8    -  
 19  -24   0764 Jun 18  13:15:57   3232 -15282   P   a-   0.7555  1.4575  0.4856  288.6  146.2    -  
 20  -23   0782 Jun 29  20:30:03   3082 -15059   P   a-   0.6776  1.5993  0.6296  296.1  162.3    -  

 21  -22   0800 Jul 10  03:50:05   2934 -14836   P   a-   0.6037  1.7340  0.7660  302.2  174.5    -  
 22  -21   0818 Jul 21  11:13:59   2790 -14613   P   a-   0.5321  1.8649  0.8979  307.2  184.2    -  
 23  -20   0836 Jul 31  18:44:36   2650 -14390   T   a-   0.4654  1.9871  1.0207  311.2  191.7   21.7
 24  -19   0854 Aug 12  02:21:32   2513 -14167   T   a-   0.4033  2.1010  1.1347  314.2  197.3   53.4
 25  -18   0872 Aug 22  10:06:58   2380 -13944   T   a-   0.3477  2.2031  1.2364  316.4  201.5   68.4
 26  -17   0890 Sep 02  18:00:35   2251 -13721   T   p-   0.2983  2.2942  1.3268  318.0  204.4   77.7
 27  -16   0908 Sep 13  02:02:20   2126 -13498   T+  p-   0.2550  2.3741  1.4057  319.1  206.5   84.0
 28  -15   0926 Sep 24  10:13:22   2006 -13275   T+  p-   0.2190  2.4406  1.4711  319.8  207.9   88.1
 29  -14   0944 Oct 04  18:32:45   1890 -13052   T+  p-   0.1896  2.4952  1.5246  320.1  208.8   90.8
 30  -13   0962 Oct 16  03:00:36   1778 -12829   T+  p-   0.1670  2.5372  1.5655  320.3  209.2   92.5

 31  -12   0980 Oct 26  11:35:12   1671 -12606   T+  p-   0.1498  2.5694  1.5967  320.3  209.5   93.6
 32  -11   0998 Nov 06  20:16:42   1569 -12383   T+  p-   0.1379  2.5915  1.6181  320.2  209.5   94.2
 33  -10   1016 Nov 17  05:02:51   1471 -12160   T+  p-   0.1298  2.6066  1.6328  320.0  209.5   94.6
 34  -09   1034 Nov 28  13:52:33   1378 -11937   T+  p-   0.1246  2.6161  1.6422  319.7  209.4   94.8
 35  -08   1052 Dec 08  22:44:34   1289 -11714   T+  p-   0.1212  2.6221  1.6486  319.5  209.3   94.9
 36  -07   1070 Dec 20  07:37:34   1205 -11491   T+  p-   0.1190  2.6258  1.6531  319.2  209.3   95.0
 37  -06   1088 Dec 30  16:29:04   1126 -11268   T+  p-   0.1152  2.6321  1.6608  319.0  209.3   95.2
 38  -05   1107 Jan 11  01:17:57   1051 -11045   T+  p-   0.1092  2.6423  1.6726  318.8  209.4   95.5
 39  -04   1125 Jan 21  10:02:47    980 -10822   T+  p-   0.0998  2.6585  1.6908  318.6  209.6   96.0
 40  -03   1143 Feb 01  18:43:18    913 -10599   T+  p-   0.0870  2.6808  1.7154  318.5  209.9   96.7


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 100

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41  -02   1161 Feb 12  03:16:14    851 -10376   T+  p-   0.0677  2.7150  1.7521  318.5  210.2   97.4
 42  -01   1179 Feb 23  11:43:09    792 -10153   T+  pp   0.0435  2.7581  1.7978  318.5  210.6   98.1
 43   00   1197 Mar 05  20:01:37    737  -9930   T+  pp   0.0119  2.8148  1.8571  318.4  210.9   98.7
 44   01   1215 Mar 17  04:13:33    686  -9707   T-  pp  -0.0249  2.7896  1.8344  318.3  211.1   98.7
 45   02   1233 Mar 27  12:15:38    638  -9484   T-  pp  -0.0700  2.7058  1.7529  318.0  210.8   98.0
 46   03   1251 Apr 07  20:11:51    593  -9261   T-  -p  -0.1198  2.6134  1.6625  317.5  210.1   96.0
 47   04   1269 Apr 18  03:59:31    551  -9038   T-  -p  -0.1768  2.5079  1.5585  316.5  208.6   92.4
 48   05   1287 Apr 29  11:41:31    512  -8815   T-  -p  -0.2383  2.3946  1.4463  315.0  206.3   86.5
 49   06   1305 May 09  19:16:38    476  -8592   T   -p  -0.3054  2.2711  1.3234  312.8  202.8   77.1
 50   07   1323 May 21  02:48:09    442  -8369   T   -a  -0.3753  2.1430  1.1953  310.0  198.0   62.6

 51   08   1341 May 31  10:15:31    409  -8146   T   -a  -0.4482  2.0095  1.0612  306.4  191.6   36.5
 52   09   1359 Jun 11  17:39:47    379  -7923   P   -a  -0.5233  1.8723  0.9228  301.9  183.5    -  
 53   10   1377 Jun 22  01:02:58    351  -7700   P   -a  -0.5989  1.7346  0.7831  296.5  173.5    -  
 54   11   1395 Jul 03  08:26:04    324  -7477   P   -a  -0.6743  1.5974  0.6434  290.2  161.2    -  
 55   12   1413 Jul 13  15:50:27    299  -7254   P   -a  -0.7479  1.4639  0.5068  283.2  146.5    -  
 56   13   1431 Jul 24  23:16:42    275  -7031   P   -a  -0.8195  1.3344  0.3735  275.4  128.6    -  
 57   14   1449 Aug 04  06:47:06    252  -6808   P   -a  -0.8872  1.2124  0.2473  267.0  106.8    -  
 58   15   1467 Aug 15  14:22:17    231  -6585   P   -a  -0.9504  1.0988  0.1289  258.4   78.6    -  
 59   16   1485 Aug 25  22:01:58    211  -6362   P   -a  -1.0093  0.9933  0.0183  249.4   30.1    -  
 60   17   1503 Sep 06  05:48:25    192  -6139   N   -a  -1.0620  0.8993 -0.0811  240.6    -      -  

 61   18   1521 Sep 16  13:41:13    174  -5916   N   -a  -1.1087  0.8166 -0.1695  232.1    -      -  
 62   19   1539 Sep 27  21:41:55    158  -5693   N   -a  -1.1485  0.7464 -0.2455  224.4    -      -  
 63   20   1557 Oct 08  05:47:56    144  -5470   N   -a  -1.1834  0.6853 -0.3122  217.2    -      -  
 64   21   1575 Oct 19  14:02:17    132  -5247   N   -a  -1.2107  0.6380 -0.3652  211.4    -      -  
 65   22   1593 Nov 08  22:22:02    121  -5024   N   -a  -1.2329  0.6000 -0.4086  206.6    -      -  
 66   23   1611 Nov 20  06:48:14    105  -4801   N   -a  -1.2493  0.5724 -0.4411  203.1    -      -  
 67   24   1629 Nov 30  15:17:32     79  -4578   N   -a  -1.2625  0.5505 -0.4676  200.4    -      -  
 68   25   1647 Dec 11  23:51:13     52  -4355   N   -a  -1.2717  0.5357 -0.4864  198.7    -      -  
 69   26   1665 Dec 22  08:25:41     28  -4132   N   -a  -1.2796  0.5230 -0.5028  197.3    -      -  
 70   27   1684 Jan 02  17:00:34     12  -3909   N   -a  -1.2865  0.5119 -0.5169  196.1    -      -  

 71   28   1702 Jan 14  01:33:37      8  -3686   N   -a  -1.2943  0.4988 -0.5324  194.5    -      -  
 72   29   1720 Jan 25  10:04:09     10  -3463   N   -a  -1.3033  0.4832 -0.5498  192.3    -      -  
 73   30   1738 Feb 04  18:29:02     11  -3240   N   -a  -1.3164  0.4597 -0.5747  188.6    -      -  
 74   31   1756 Feb 16  02:47:53     14  -3017   N   -a  -1.3339  0.4282 -0.6071  183.2    -      -  
 75   32   1774 Feb 26  10:58:53     16  -2794   N   -a  -1.3568  0.3865 -0.6494  175.3    -      -  
 76   33   1792 Mar 08  19:02:23     16  -2571   N   -a  -1.3848  0.3351 -0.7011  164.5    -      -  
 77   34   1810 Mar 21  02:54:49     12  -2348   N   -a  -1.4209  0.2689 -0.7674  148.7    -      -  
 78   35   1828 Mar 31  10:38:46      8  -2125   N   -h  -1.4630  0.1917 -0.8446  126.9    -      -  
 79   36   1846 Apr 11  18:11:36      6  -1902   N   -h  -1.5131  0.0998 -0.9366   92.6    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29