Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 101

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 101 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 0360 Sep 11. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1839 Feb 28. The total duration of Saros series 101 is 1478.47 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  0360 Sep 11   22:17:15 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  1839 Feb 28   08:53:39 TD

                      Duration of Saros 101  =  1478.47 Years

Saros 101 is composed of 83 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 101
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 83100.0%
PenumbralN 42 50.6%
PartialP 14 16.9%
TotalT 27 32.5%

The 83 lunar eclipses in Saros 101 occur in the order of 22N 8P 27T 6P 20N which corresponds to:

                                    22  Penumbral
                                     8  Partial
                                    27  Total
                                     6  Partial
                                    20  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 101 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1262 Mar 07      Duration = 01h44m09s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    0901 Aug 03      Duration = 00h36m30s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1388 May 21      Duration = 03h23m43s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0757 May 08      Duration = 00h43m32s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1496 Jul 25      Duration = 04h48m16s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1839 Feb 28      Duration = 00h46m46s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 101 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0883 Jul 23      Magnitude = 0.9412
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0757 May 08      Magnitude = 0.0387

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 101 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 101

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -49   0360 Sep 11  22:17:15   7055 -20276   N   a-  -1.5179  0.0515 -0.9065   60.5    -      -  
 02  -48   0378 Sep 23  06:34:46   6878 -20053   N   a-  -1.4867  0.1099 -0.8505   87.9    -      -  
 03  -47   0396 Oct 03  14:59:50   6700 -19830   N   a-  -1.4618  0.1567 -0.8060  104.5    -      -  
 04  -46   0414 Oct 14  23:32:16   6522 -19607   N   a-  -1.4429  0.1927 -0.7723  115.5    -      -  
 05  -45   0432 Oct 25  08:11:22   6343 -19384   N   a-  -1.4296  0.2182 -0.7489  122.7    -      -  
 06  -44   0450 Nov 05  16:56:38   6165 -19161   N   a-  -1.4212  0.2344 -0.7345  127.0    -      -  
 07  -43   0468 Nov 16  01:45:15   5987 -18938   N   a-  -1.4158  0.2451 -0.7253  129.8    -      -  
 08  -42   0486 Nov 27  10:37:44   5810 -18715   N   a-  -1.4138  0.2493 -0.7222  130.9    -      -  
 09  -41   0504 Dec 07  19:30:38   5634 -18492   N   a-  -1.4123  0.2524 -0.7197  131.8    -      -  
 10  -40   0522 Dec 19  04:24:18   5457 -18269   N   a-  -1.4120  0.2531 -0.7193  132.0    -      -  

 11  -39   0540 Dec 29  13:14:13   5281 -18046   N   a-  -1.4089  0.2586 -0.7135  133.5    -      -  
 12  -38   0559 Jan 09  22:02:29   5107 -17823   N   a-  -1.4049  0.2656 -0.7059  135.3    -      -  
 13  -37   0577 Jan 20  06:44:41   4934 -17600   N   a-  -1.3962  0.2812 -0.6894  139.1    -      -  
 14  -36   0595 Jan 31  15:21:36   4762 -17377   N   a-  -1.3838  0.3033 -0.6661  144.3    -      -  
 15  -35   0613 Feb 10  23:50:12   4592 -17154   N   a-  -1.3651  0.3370 -0.6311  151.8    -      -  
 16  -34   0631 Feb 22  08:12:23   4423 -16931   N   a-  -1.3416  0.3793 -0.5874  160.6    -      -  
 17  -33   0649 Mar 04  16:25:34   4255 -16708   N   a-  -1.3112  0.4345 -0.5308  171.2    -      -  
 18  -32   0667 Mar 16  00:30:20   4089 -16485   N   a-  -1.2744  0.5013 -0.4628  183.0    -      -  
 19  -31   0685 Mar 26  08:26:20   3926 -16262   N   a-  -1.2310  0.5805 -0.3826  195.7    -      -  
 20  -30   0703 Apr 06  16:14:43   3764 -16039   N   a-  -1.1820  0.6702 -0.2923  208.9    -      -  

 21  -29   0721 Apr 16  23:54:57   3604 -15816   N   a-  -1.1268  0.7714 -0.1909  222.3    -      -  
 22  -28   0739 Apr 28  07:28:09   3447 -15593   N   a-  -1.0662  0.8826 -0.0799  235.6    -      -  
 23  -27   0757 May 08  14:55:18   3292 -15370   P   a-  -1.0014  1.0020  0.0387  248.6   43.5    -  
 24  -26   0775 May 19  22:17:38   3141 -15147   P   a-  -0.9333  1.1276  0.1630  260.9   88.1    -  
 25  -25   0793 May 30  05:34:46   2992 -14924   P   a-  -0.8615  1.2604  0.2938  272.7  116.4    -  
 26  -24   0811 Jun 10  12:50:09   2847 -14701   P   a-  -0.7888  1.3950  0.4258  283.5  137.8    -  
 27  -23   0829 Jun 20  20:03:13   2705 -14478   P   a-  -0.7151  1.5318  0.5594  293.4  155.2    -  
 28  -22   0847 Jul 02  03:17:32   2566 -14255   P   a-  -0.6429  1.6662  0.6900  302.2  169.3    -  
 29  -21   0865 Jul 12  10:31:09   2432 -14032   P   a-  -0.5710  1.8004  0.8198  310.2  181.1    -  
 30  -20   0883 Jul 23  17:49:11   2301 -13809   P   a-  -0.5035  1.9267  0.9412  317.0  190.5    -  

 31  -19   0901 Aug 03  01:09:31   2175 -13586   T   a-  -0.4388  2.0482  1.0573  323.0  198.2   36.5
 32  -18   0919 Aug 14  08:35:22   2053 -13363   T   p-  -0.3793  2.1603  1.1637  328.2  204.3   59.8
 33  -17   0937 Aug 24  16:05:45   1935 -13140   T   p-  -0.3243  2.2643  1.2616  332.7  209.2   73.3
 34  -16   0955 Sep 04  23:43:41   1822 -12917   T   p-  -0.2763  2.3555  1.3465  336.5  212.9   82.0
 35  -15   0973 Sep 15  07:27:56   1713 -12694   T-  p-  -0.2346  2.4353  1.4199  339.7  215.8   87.9
 36  -14   0991 Sep 26  15:18:46   1609 -12471   T-  pp  -0.1991  2.5035  1.4818  342.6  218.0   92.0
 37  -13   1009 Oct 06  23:17:13   1509 -12248   T-  pp  -0.1707  2.5588  1.5308  345.1  219.7   94.7
 38  -12   1027 Oct 18  07:22:25   1414 -12025   T-  pp  -0.1486  2.6025  1.5685  347.3  220.9   96.6
 39  -11   1045 Oct 28  15:33:52   1324 -11802   T-  pp  -0.1325  2.6348  1.5951  349.2  221.9   97.7
 40  -10   1063 Nov 08  23:49:19   1238 -11579   T-  pp  -0.1205  2.6595  1.6146  351.1  222.8   98.5


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 101

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41  -09   1081 Nov 19  08:09:51   1157 -11356   T-  pp  -0.1135  2.6747  1.6251  352.7  223.5   99.0
 42  -08   1099 Nov 30  16:32:22   1080 -11133   T-  pp  -0.1086  2.6858  1.6322  354.2  224.1   99.4
 43  -07   1117 Dec 11  00:56:11   1007 -10910   T-  pp  -0.1054  2.6932  1.6363  355.7  224.7   99.7
 44  -06   1135 Dec 22  09:18:55    939 -10687   T-  pp  -0.1019  2.7011  1.6414  357.0  225.3  100.0
 45  -05   1154 Jan 01  17:39:57    875 -10464   T-  pp  -0.0975  2.7102  1.6484  358.3  226.0  100.4
 46  -04   1172 Jan 13  01:56:16    815 -10241   T-  pp  -0.0899  2.7249  1.6616  359.6  226.7  101.0
 47  -03   1190 Jan 23  10:07:00    759 -10018   T-  pp  -0.0782  2.7469  1.6828  360.8  227.6  101.7
 48  -02   1208 Feb 03  18:10:32    706  -9795   T-  pp  -0.0610  2.7785  1.7140  362.0  228.4  102.6
 49  -01   1226 Feb 14  02:06:28    657  -9572   T-  pp  -0.0381  2.8205  1.7561  363.1  229.3  103.4
 50   00   1244 Feb 25  09:51:50    611  -9349   T-  pp  -0.0073  2.8769  1.8129  364.1  230.1  104.1

 51   01   1262 Mar 07  17:28:17    568  -9126   T+  pp   0.0302  2.8346  1.7710  364.9  230.6  104.2
 52   02   1280 Mar 18  00:53:37    527  -8903   T+  pp   0.0761  2.7500  1.6872  365.4  230.6  103.2
 53   03   1298 Mar 29  08:10:17    490  -8680   T+  pp   0.1286  2.6533  1.5911  365.4  229.9  100.6
 54   04   1316 Apr 08  15:14:51    455  -8457   T+  pp   0.1902  2.5400  1.4785  364.7  228.2   95.4
 55   05   1334 Apr 19  22:12:11    422  -8234   T+  -p   0.2569  2.4173  1.3562  363.3  225.1   86.7
 56   06   1352 Apr 30  04:59:28    391  -8011   T   -t   0.3309  2.2814  1.2205  360.7  220.2   71.9
 57   07   1370 May 11  11:41:22    362  -7788   T   -t   0.4088  2.1386  1.0777  357.0  213.3   44.8
 58   08   1388 May 21  18:15:06    335  -7565   P   -t   0.4926  1.9850  0.9237  351.9  203.7    -  
 59   09   1406 Jun 02  00:46:25    309  -7342   P   -t   0.5777  1.8292  0.7671  345.3  191.2    -  
 60   10   1424 Jun 12  07:13:02    284  -7119   P   -t   0.6657  1.6684  0.6051  337.1  174.8    -  

 61   11   1442 Jun 23  13:39:06    261  -6896   P   -t   0.7535  1.5081  0.4432  327.3  153.7    -  
 62   12   1460 Jul 03  20:04:26    239  -6673   P   -t   0.8412  1.3481  0.2813  315.7  125.7    -  
 63   13   1478 Jul 15  02:32:38    219  -6450   P   -t   0.9258  1.1940  0.1249  302.7   85.8    -  
 64   14   1496 Jul 25  09:03:59    199  -6227   Nx  -t   1.0074  1.0457 -0.0260  288.3    -      -  
 65   15   1514 Aug 05  15:39:55    181  -6004   N   -t   1.0845  0.9055 -0.1690  272.6    -      -  
 66   16   1532 Aug 15  22:22:09    164  -5781   N   -t   1.1559  0.7761 -0.3016  256.0    -      -  
 67   17   1550 Aug 27  05:11:29    149  -5558   N   -t   1.2210  0.6583 -0.4226  238.8    -      -  
 68   18   1568 Sep 06  12:08:34    136  -5335   N   -t   1.2796  0.5524 -0.5317  221.2    -      -  
 69   19   1586 Sep 27  19:14:33    125  -5112   N   -t   1.3306  0.4604 -0.6270  203.8    -      -  
 70   20   1604 Oct 08  02:29:43    113  -4889   N   -t   1.3742  0.3821 -0.7084  187.1    -      -  

 71   21   1622 Oct 19  09:54:38     90  -4666   N   -t   1.4097  0.3184 -0.7750  171.9    -      -  
 72   22   1640 Oct 29  17:27:12     63  -4443   N   -t   1.4390  0.2657 -0.8301  157.8    -      -  
 73   23   1658 Nov 10  01:09:24     37  -4220   N   -t   1.4609  0.2267 -0.8712  146.2    -      -  
 74   24   1676 Nov 20  08:58:24     17  -3997   N   -t   1.4777  0.1967 -0.9028  136.5    -      -  
 75   25   1694 Dec 01  16:54:29      8  -3774   N   -t   1.4889  0.1765 -0.9238  129.5    -      -  
 76   26   1712 Dec 13  00:53:52      9  -3551   N   -t   1.4977  0.1604 -0.9401  123.4    -      -  
 77   27   1730 Dec 24  08:58:03     11  -3328   N   -t   1.5032  0.1500 -0.9498  119.3    -      -  
 78   28   1749 Jan 03  17:03:06     13  -3105   N   -t   1.5085  0.1396 -0.9589  115.0    -      -  
 79   29   1767 Jan 15  01:08:11     15  -2882   N   -t   1.5141  0.1283 -0.9680  110.2    -      -  
 80   30   1785 Jan 25  09:10:57     17  -2659   N   -t   1.5218  0.1127 -0.9808  103.2    -      -  


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 101

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 81   31   1803 Feb 06  17:10:42     13  -2436   N   -t   1.5322  0.0918 -0.9980   93.0    -      -  
 82   32   1821 Feb 17  01:05:17     11  -2213   N   -t   1.5470  0.0626 -1.0230   76.8    -      -  
 83   33   1839 Feb 28  08:53:39      5  -1990   Ne  -t   1.5671  0.0232 -1.0576   46.8    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29