Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 102

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 102 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0461 Oct 05. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1958 Apr 04. The total duration of Saros series 102 is 1496.50 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  0461 Oct 05   14:59:50 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  1958 Apr 04   04:00:15 TD

                      Duration of Saros 102  =  1496.50 Years

Saros 102 is composed of 84 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 102
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 84100.0%
PenumbralN 44 52.4%
PartialP 14 16.7%
TotalT 26 31.0%

The 84 lunar eclipses in Saros 102 occur in the order of 21N 6P 26T 8P 23N which corresponds to:

                                    21  Penumbral
                                     6  Partial
                                    26  Total
                                     8  Partial
                                    23  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 102 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1074 Oct 07      Duration = 01h44m43s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    0948 Jul 23      Duration = 00h39m03s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0930 Jul 13      Duration = 03h24m04s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1543 Jul 16      Duration = 01h02m56s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    0822 May 09      Duration = 04h46m51s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    0461 Oct 05      Duration = 00h17m19s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 102 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1417 May 01      Magnitude = 0.9973
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1543 Jul 16      Magnitude = 0.0784

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 102 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 102

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -35   0461 Oct 05  14:59:50   6057 -19026   Nb  t-   1.5718  0.0033 -1.0551   17.3    -      -  
 02  -34   0479 Oct 16  22:54:35   5880 -18803   N   t-   1.5537  0.0393 -1.0249   59.5    -      -  
 03  -33   0497 Oct 27  06:55:24   5704 -18580   N   t-   1.5411  0.0652 -1.0043   76.8    -      -  
 04  -32   0515 Nov 07  15:00:56   5527 -18357   N   t-   1.5328  0.0829 -0.9913   86.8    -      -  
 05  -31   0533 Nov 17  23:11:15   5351 -18134   N   t-   1.5291  0.0916 -0.9867   91.4    -      -  
 06  -30   0551 Nov 29  07:22:40   5176 -17911   N   t-   1.5266  0.0978 -0.9837   94.7    -      -  
 07  -29   0569 Dec 09  15:35:23   5002 -17688   N   t-   1.5258  0.1007 -0.9835   96.4    -      -  
 08  -28   0587 Dec 20  23:46:02   4830 -17465   N   t-   1.5237  0.1054 -0.9807   98.8    -      -  
 09  -27   0605 Dec 31  07:55:11   4659 -17242   N   t-   1.5209  0.1111 -0.9761  101.6    -      -  
 10  -26   0624 Jan 11  15:57:41   4489 -17019   N   t-   1.5136  0.1247 -0.9628  107.8    -      -  

 11  -25   0642 Jan 21  23:56:00   4321 -16796   N   t-   1.5033  0.1435 -0.9438  115.6    -      -  
 12  -24   0660 Feb 02  07:45:06   4155 -16573   N   t-   1.4862  0.1745 -0.9121  127.3    -      -  
 13  -23   0678 Feb 12  15:27:08   3990 -16350   N   t-   1.4638  0.2151 -0.8702  141.1    -      -  
 14  -22   0696 Feb 23  22:57:48   3827 -16127   N   t-   1.4326  0.2715 -0.8123  157.9    -      -  
 15  -21   0714 Mar 06  06:20:38   3667 -15904   N   t-   1.3954  0.3387 -0.7432  175.5    -      -  
 16  -20   0732 Mar 16  13:32:02   3509 -15681   N   t-   1.3497  0.4217 -0.6583  194.4    -      -  
 17  -19   0750 Mar 27  20:34:13   3353 -15458   N   t-   1.2966  0.5181 -0.5598  213.7    -      -  
 18  -18   0768 Apr 07  03:26:13   3200 -15235   N   t-   1.2353  0.6296 -0.4464  233.2    -      -  
 19  -17   0786 Apr 18  10:10:53   3050 -15012   N   t-   1.1680  0.7521 -0.3220  252.0    -      -  
 20  -16   0804 Apr 28  16:47:44   2904 -14789   N   t-   1.0944  0.8864 -0.1861  270.0    -      -  

 21  -15   0822 May 09  23:18:04   2760 -14566   Nx  t-   1.0154  1.0307 -0.0404  286.9    -      -  
 22  -14   0840 May 20  05:43:53   2620 -14343   P   t-   0.9323  1.1827  0.1125  302.3   81.7    -  
 23  -13   0858 May 31  12:06:43   2484 -14120   P   t-   0.8462  1.3402  0.2708  316.3  123.9    -  
 24  -12   0876 Jun 10  18:27:49   2352 -13897   P   t-   0.7583  1.5013  0.4322  328.6  152.7    -  
 25  -11   0894 Jun 22  00:49:05   2224 -13674   P   t-   0.6701  1.6632  0.5940  339.2  174.5    -  
 26  -10   0912 Jul 02  07:12:37   2100 -13451   P   t-   0.5831  1.8231  0.7535  348.0  191.2    -  
 27  -09   0930 Jul 13  13:40:18   1981 -13228   P   t-   0.4989  1.9780  0.9077  355.2  204.1    -  
 28  -08   0948 Jul 23  20:11:39   1866 -13005   T   t-   0.4170  2.1288  1.0574  361.0  214.0   39.0
 29  -07   0966 Aug 04  02:50:13   1755 -12782   T   t-   0.3406  2.2697  1.1969  365.3  221.2   69.0
 30  -06   0984 Aug 14  09:35:35   1649 -12559   T+  pp   0.2692  2.4015  1.3272  368.4  226.3   84.7

 31  -05   1002 Aug 25  16:30:31   1548 -12336   T+  pp   0.2051  2.5200  1.4440  370.4  229.7   94.0
 32  -04   1020 Sep 04  23:33:25   1451 -12113   T+  pp   0.1470  2.6274  1.5496  371.6  231.8   99.7
 33  -03   1038 Sep 16  06:47:20   1359 -11890   T+  pp   0.0974  2.7193  1.6398  372.2  232.9  102.8
 34  -02   1056 Sep 26  14:10:44   1271 -11667   T+  pp   0.0551  2.7978  1.7167  372.2  233.2  104.3
 35  -01   1074 Oct 07  21:44:00   1188 -11444   T+  pp   0.0205  2.8619  1.7795  371.9  233.1  104.7
 36   00   1092 Oct 18  05:26:35   1110 -11221   T-  pp  -0.0070  2.8872  1.8037  371.4  232.6  104.6
 37   01   1110 Oct 29  13:18:02   1035 -10998   T-  pp  -0.0276  2.8496  1.7657  370.6  232.1  104.2
 38   02   1128 Nov 08  21:17:28    966 -10775   T-  pp  -0.0425  2.8224  1.7384  369.8  231.5  103.7
 39   03   1146 Nov 20  05:21:53    900 -10552   T-  pp  -0.0538  2.8013  1.7179  368.9  230.9  103.2
 40   04   1164 Nov 30  13:32:27    838 -10329   T-  pp  -0.0607  2.7880  1.7058  367.8  230.3  102.8


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 102

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   05   1182 Dec 11  21:45:32    780 -10106   T-  pp  -0.0657  2.7779  1.6977  366.7  229.8  102.5
 42   06   1200 Dec 22  06:00:34    726  -9883   T-  pp  -0.0701  2.7684  1.6910  365.5  229.3  102.2
 43   07   1219 Jan 02  14:13:50    676  -9660   T-  pp  -0.0764  2.7551  1.6811  364.1  228.7  101.9
 44   08   1237 Jan 12  22:26:14    628  -9437   T-  pp  -0.0842  2.7387  1.6689  362.7  228.1  101.5
 45   09   1255 Jan 24  06:34:23    584  -9214   T-  pp  -0.0960  2.7147  1.6495  361.0  227.4  101.0
 46   10   1273 Feb 03  14:37:42    543  -8991   T-  pp  -0.1123  2.6821  1.6223  359.2  226.5  100.1
 47   11   1291 Feb 14  22:34:42    504  -8768   T-  pp  -0.1344  2.6386  1.5845  357.1  225.5   98.6
 48   12   1309 Feb 25  06:25:40    468  -8545   T-  pp  -0.1623  2.5844  1.5364  354.8  224.0   96.5
 49   13   1327 Mar 08  14:08:34    435  -8322   T-  pp  -0.1975  2.5166  1.4749  352.1  222.1   93.1
 50   14   1345 Mar 18  21:44:41    403  -8099   T-  pp  -0.2390  2.4373  1.4020  349.0  219.5   88.1

 51   15   1363 Mar 30  05:13:30    373  -7876   T   -p  -0.2874  2.3452  1.3164  345.4  216.1   80.6
 52   16   1381 Apr 09  12:36:50    345  -7653   T   -p  -0.3410  2.2437  1.2211  341.1  211.7   69.5
 53   17   1399 Apr 20  19:52:49    319  -7430   T   -p  -0.4017  2.1292  1.1127  336.0  205.8   51.3
 54   18   1417 May 01  03:05:22    294  -7207   P   -t  -0.4661  2.0081  0.9973  330.1  198.6    -  
 55   19   1435 May 12  10:13:11    270  -6984   P   -t  -0.5356  1.8779  0.8725  323.2  189.4    -  
 56   20   1453 May 22  17:19:57    248  -6761   P   -t  -0.6067  1.7450  0.7446  315.4  178.2    -  
 57   21   1471 Jun 03  00:23:10    227  -6538   P   -t  -0.6815  1.6054  0.6094  306.4  164.3    -  
 58   22   1489 Jun 13  07:28:45    207  -6315   P   -h  -0.7554  1.4678  0.4757  296.6  147.8    -  
 59   23   1507 Jun 24  14:33:59    188  -6092   P   -h  -0.8306  1.3283  0.3394  285.5  127.0    -  
 60   24   1525 Jul 04  21:43:23    171  -5869   P   -h  -0.9029  1.1941  0.2080  273.8  101.0    -  

 61   25   1543 Jul 16  04:55:02    155  -5646   P   -h  -0.9742  1.0623  0.0784  261.0   62.9    -  
 62   26   1561 Jul 26  12:13:48    141  -5423   N   -a  -1.0402  0.9402 -0.0420  247.8    -      -  
 63   27   1579 Aug 06  19:37:41    129  -5200   N   -a  -1.1029  0.8248 -0.1564  234.1    -      -  
 64   28   1597 Aug 27  03:08:44    120  -4977   N   -a  -1.1604  0.7189 -0.2616  220.3    -      -  
 65   29   1615 Sep 07  10:47:18    100  -4754   N   -a  -1.2123  0.6234 -0.3568  206.5    -      -  
 66   30   1633 Sep 17  18:34:53     74  -4531   N   -a  -1.2576  0.5404 -0.4399  193.3    -      -  
 67   31   1651 Sep 29  02:31:07     46  -4308   N   -a  -1.2966  0.4689 -0.5117  180.8    -      -  
 68   32   1669 Oct 09  10:35:58     24  -4085   N   -a  -1.3293  0.4092 -0.5719  169.5    -      -  
 69   33   1687 Oct 20  18:50:03     10  -3862   N   -a  -1.3555  0.3615 -0.6201  159.6    -      -  
 70   34   1705 Nov 01  03:12:43      9  -3639   N   -a  -1.3753  0.3252 -0.6568  151.6    -      -  

 71   35   1723 Nov 12  11:42:32     10  -3416   N   -a  -1.3902  0.2982 -0.6842  145.2    -      -  
 72   36   1741 Nov 22  20:19:31     12  -3193   N   -a  -1.3999  0.2804 -0.7021  140.8    -      -  
 73   37   1759 Dec 04  05:01:57     14  -2970   N   -a  -1.4059  0.2693 -0.7129  137.9    -      -  
 74   38   1777 Dec 14  13:48:58     17  -2747   N   -a  -1.4087  0.2638 -0.7179  136.2    -      -  
 75   39   1795 Dec 25  22:37:34     15  -2524   N   -a  -1.4110  0.2591 -0.7215  134.9    -      -  
 76   40   1814 Jan 06  07:28:19     12  -2301   N   -a  -1.4118  0.2568 -0.7223  134.0    -      -  
 77   41   1832 Jan 17  16:18:15      7  -2078   N   -a  -1.4135  0.2527 -0.7245  132.8    -      -  
 78   42   1850 Jan 28  01:06:06      7  -1855   N   -a  -1.4175  0.2442 -0.7305  130.4    -      -  
 79   43   1868 Feb 08  09:49:41      3  -1632   N   -a  -1.4252  0.2288 -0.7433  126.2    -      -  
 80   44   1886 Feb 18  18:29:01     -6  -1409   N   -a  -1.4365  0.2064 -0.7627  119.9    -      -  


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 102

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 81   45   1904 Mar 02  03:02:34      3  -1186   N   -a  -1.4528  0.1748 -0.7910  110.5    -      -  
 82   46   1922 Mar 13  11:28:48     23   -963   N   -a  -1.4752  0.1320 -0.8304   96.3    -      -  
 83   47   1940 Mar 23  19:48:19     24   -740   N   -a  -1.5033  0.0788 -0.8803   74.6    -      -  
 84   48   1958 Apr 04  04:00:15     32   -517   Ne  -a  -1.5380  0.0135 -0.9422   31.0    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29