Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 110

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 110 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0747 May 28. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2027 Jul 18. The total duration of Saros series 110 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  0747 May 28   21:51:50 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  2027 Jul 18   16:04:09 TD

                      Duration of Saros 110  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 110 is composed of 72 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 110
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PenumbralN 16 22.2%
PartialP 43 59.7%
TotalT 13 18.1%

The 72 lunar eclipses in Saros 110 occur in the order of 8N 23P 13T 20P 8N which corresponds to:

                                     8  Penumbral
                                    23  Partial
                                    13  Total
                                    20  Partial
                                     8  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 110 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1414 Jul 03      Duration = 01h43m08s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1306 Apr 29      Duration = 00h29m54s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1540 Sep 16      Duration = 03h22m22s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0891 Aug 23      Duration = 00h49m01s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1901 May 03      Duration = 04h48m15s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2027 Jul 18      Duration = 00h11m47s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 110 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1540 Sep 16      Magnitude = 0.9947
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    0891 Aug 23      Magnitude = 0.0513

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 110 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 110

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -37   0747 May 28  21:51:50   3377 -15493   Nb  a-   1.5242  0.0320 -0.9101   47.7    -      -  
 02  -36   0765 Jun 08  05:18:46   3224 -15270   N   a-   1.4527  0.1626 -0.7784  106.1    -      -  
 03  -35   0783 Jun 19  12:44:53   3074 -15047   N   a-   1.3803  0.2953 -0.6453  141.1    -      -  
 04  -34   0801 Jun 29  20:12:23   2926 -14824   N   a-   1.3087  0.4267 -0.5141  167.5    -      -  
 05  -33   0819 Jul 11  03:42:30   2782 -14601   N   a-   1.2391  0.5550 -0.3868  188.6    -      -  
 06  -32   0837 Jul 21  11:16:30   2642 -14378   N   a-   1.1723  0.6782 -0.2651  206.0    -      -  
 07  -31   0855 Aug 01  18:55:01   2506 -14155   N   a-   1.1094  0.7948 -0.1506  220.5    -      -  
 08  -30   0873 Aug 12  02:38:51   2373 -13932   N   a-   1.0508  0.9036 -0.0444  232.7    -      -  
 09  -29   0891 Aug 23  10:29:38   2244 -13709   P   a-   0.9978  1.0023  0.0513  242.8   49.0    -  
 10  -28   0909 Sep 02  18:27:38   2120 -13486   P   a-   0.9507  1.0904  0.1360  251.2   78.9    -  

 11  -27   0927 Sep 14  02:32:30   1999 -13263   P   a-   0.9095  1.1678  0.2098  258.1   97.1    -  
 12  -26   0945 Sep 24  10:45:43   1884 -13040   P   a-   0.8754  1.2324  0.2706  263.7  109.4    -  
 13  -25   0963 Oct 05  19:06:28   1772 -12817   P   a-   0.8480  1.2846  0.3190  268.1  118.0    -  
 14  -24   0981 Oct 16  03:34:43   1666 -12594   P   a-   0.8268  1.3253  0.3560  271.6  124.1    -  
 15  -23   0999 Oct 27  12:08:14   1563 -12371   P   a-   0.8103  1.3574  0.3844  274.4  128.6    -  
 16  -22   1017 Nov 06  20:48:25   1466 -12148   P   a-   0.7998  1.3784  0.4021  276.4  131.3    -  
 17  -21   1035 Nov 18  05:32:39   1373 -11925   P   a-   0.7934  1.3918  0.4124  277.9  133.0    -  
 18  -20   1053 Nov 28  14:20:20   1285 -11702   P   a-   0.7901  1.3991  0.4172  279.0  133.9    -  
 19  -19   1071 Dec 09  23:09:02   1201 -11479   P   a-   0.7883  1.4035  0.4194  279.9  134.4    -  
 20  -18   1089 Dec 20  07:58:18   1122 -11256   P   a-   0.7874  1.4060  0.4203  280.7  134.7    -  

 21  -17   1107 Dec 31  16:45:56   1047 -11033   P   a-   0.7857  1.4097  0.4227  281.6  135.3    -  
 22  -16   1126 Jan 11  01:29:55    976 -10810   P   a-   0.7818  1.4172  0.4296  282.7  136.5    -  
 23  -15   1144 Jan 22  10:09:46    910 -10587   P   a-   0.7750  1.4299  0.4418  284.2  138.5    -  
 24  -14   1162 Feb 01  18:43:30    848 -10364   P   a-   0.7638  1.4504  0.4622  286.2  141.6    -  
 25  -13   1180 Feb 13  03:10:08    789 -10141   P   a-   0.7474  1.4805  0.4925  288.8  145.8    -  
 26  -12   1198 Feb 23  11:28:24    734  -9918   P   a-   0.7245  1.5223  0.5345  292.1  151.3    -  
 27  -11   1216 Mar 05  19:38:20    683  -9695   P   a-   0.6956  1.5752  0.5878  296.0  157.7    -  
 28  -10   1234 Mar 17  03:39:29    636  -9472   P   a-   0.6601  1.6402  0.6531  300.5  165.0    -  
 29  -09   1252 Mar 27  11:30:34    591  -9249   P   a-   0.6170  1.7193  0.7323  305.5  172.9    -  
 30  -08   1270 Apr 07  19:13:13    549  -9026   P   a-   0.5674  1.8103  0.8231  310.8  181.1    -  

 31  -07   1288 Apr 18  02:46:56    510  -8803   P   a-   0.5112  1.9137  0.9260  316.3  189.2    -  
 32  -06   1306 Apr 29  10:13:32    474  -8580   T   a-   0.4499  2.0267  1.0381  321.7  196.9   29.9
 33  -05   1324 May 09  17:31:33    440  -8357   T   p-   0.3823  2.1514  1.1614  327.0  204.1   59.4
 34  -04   1342 May 21  00:44:45    408  -8134   T   p-   0.3114  2.2824  1.2905  331.8  210.3   76.6
 35  -03   1360 May 31  07:51:57    378  -7911   T+  pp   0.2362  2.4218  1.4274  336.2  215.6   88.6
 36  -02   1378 Jun 11  14:55:52    349  -7688   T+  pp   0.1591  2.5646  1.5673  339.8  219.6   96.7
 37  -01   1396 Jun 21  21:56:41    323  -7465   T+  pp   0.0803  2.7111  1.7102  342.7  222.3  101.4
 38   00   1414 Jul 03  04:57:15    298  -7242   T+  pp   0.0020  2.8567  1.8518  344.8  223.7  103.1
 39   01   1432 Jul 13  11:58:17    274  -7019   T-  pp  -0.0751  2.7250  1.7154  346.1  223.7  101.9
 40   02   1450 Jul 24  19:00:10    251  -6796   T-  pp  -0.1507  2.5888  1.5742  346.6  222.4   97.8


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 110

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   03   1468 Aug 04  02:06:04    230  -6573   T-  -p  -0.2221  2.4606  1.4404  346.4  220.0   90.8
 42   04   1486 Aug 15  09:15:15    210  -6350   T   -p  -0.2900  2.3389  1.3130  345.7  216.5   80.5
 43   05   1504 Aug 25  16:30:40    191  -6127   T   -a  -0.3518  2.2287  1.1966  344.6  212.3   66.5
 44   06   1522 Sep 05  23:50:39    173  -5904   T   -a  -0.4089  2.1270  1.0887  343.1  207.4   46.4
 45   07   1540 Sep 16  07:18:56    157  -5681   P   -a  -0.4584  2.0394  0.9947  341.6  202.4    -  
 46   08   1558 Sep 27  14:53:07    143  -5458   P   -a  -0.5022  1.9621  0.9112  340.1  197.2    -  
 47   09   1576 Oct 07  22:35:11    131  -5235   P   -a  -0.5385  1.8987  0.8417  338.9  192.4    -  
 48   10   1594 Oct 29  06:23:44    121  -5012   P   -a  -0.5687  1.8462  0.7833  337.9  188.0    -  
 49   11   1612 Nov 08  14:19:56    104  -4789   P   -h  -0.5915  1.8071  0.7387  337.3  184.5    -  
 50   12   1630 Nov 19  22:20:56     78  -4566   P   -h  -0.6100  1.7757  0.7024  336.9  181.4    -  

 51   13   1648 Nov 30  06:26:42     51  -4343   P   -h  -0.6238  1.7525  0.6748  336.9  179.0    -  
 52   14   1666 Dec 11  14:35:36     27  -4120   P   -h  -0.6344  1.7350  0.6536  337.0  177.2    -  
 53   15   1684 Dec 21  22:47:25     11  -3897   P   -h  -0.6415  1.7234  0.6389  337.4  176.0    -  
 54   16   1703 Jan 03  06:58:07      8  -3674   P   -h  -0.6493  1.7103  0.6236  337.6  174.7    -  
 55   17   1721 Jan 13  15:08:19     10  -3451   P   -t  -0.6568  1.6972  0.6089  337.6  173.4    -  
 56   18   1739 Jan 24  23:14:14     11  -3228   P   -t  -0.6674  1.6783  0.5892  337.2  171.5    -  
 57   19   1757 Feb 04  07:16:54     14  -3005   P   -t  -0.6801  1.6551  0.5658  336.5  169.0    -  
 58   20   1775 Feb 15  15:10:58     16  -2782   P   -t  -0.6990  1.6202  0.5314  334.8  165.0    -  
 59   21   1793 Feb 25  22:59:34     16  -2559   P   -t  -0.7218  1.5777  0.4899  332.5  159.7    -  
 60   22   1811 Mar 10  06:37:39     12  -2336   P   -t  -0.7527  1.5205  0.4340  329.0  151.9    -  

 61   23   1829 Mar 20  14:08:14      8  -2113   P   -t  -0.7891  1.4527  0.3680  324.5  141.5    -  
 62   24   1847 Mar 31  21:27:03      6  -1890   P   -t  -0.8345  1.3684  0.2856  318.2  126.4    -  
 63   25   1865 Apr 11  04:38:10      6  -1667   P   -t  -0.8856  1.2736  0.1929  310.4  105.4    -  
 64   26   1883 Apr 22  11:38:29     -6  -1444   P   -t  -0.9448  1.1639  0.0853  300.5   71.3    -  
 65   27   1901 May 03  18:30:38     -1  -1221   Nx  -t  -1.0101  1.0431 -0.0334  288.2    -      -  
 66   28   1919 May 15  01:14:00     21   -998   N   -t  -1.0820  0.9103 -0.1644  273.1    -      -  
 67   29   1937 May 25  07:51:34     24   -775   N   -t  -1.1581  0.7697 -0.3033  254.7    -      -  
 68   30   1955 Jun 05  14:23:23     31   -552   N   -t  -1.2383  0.6218 -0.4498  232.3    -      -  
 69   31   1973 Jun 15  20:50:41     44   -329   N   -t  -1.3216  0.4685 -0.6020  204.6    -      -  
 70   32   1991 Jun 27  03:15:41     58   -106   N   -t  -1.4063  0.3126 -0.7572  169.5    -      -  

 71   33   2009 Jul 07  09:39:43     66    117   N   -t  -1.4915  0.1562 -0.9133  121.5    -      -  
 72   34   2027 Jul 18  16:04:09     76    340   Ne  -t  -1.5758  0.0014 -1.0680   11.8    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29