The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 111 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 0830 Jun 10. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2092 Jul 19. The total duration of Saros series 111 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0830 Jun 10 06:33:54 TD
Last Eclipse = 2092 Jul 19 00:41:58 TD
Duration of Saros 111 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 111 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 111 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 17 | 23.9% |
| Partial | P | 43 | 60.6% |
| Total | T | 11 | 15.5% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 111 occur in the order of 9N 20P 11T 23P 8N which corresponds to:
9 Penumbral
20 Partial
11 Total
23 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 111 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1443 Jun 12 Duration = 01h46m14s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1353 Apr 19 Duration = 00h36m26s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1335 Apr 08 Duration = 03h25m03s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1948 Apr 23 Duration = 00h34m21s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0974 Sep 04 Duration = 04h42m48s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0830 Jun 10 Duration = 01h03m05s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 111 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1551 Aug 16 Magnitude = 0.9702
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1948 Apr 23 Magnitude = 0.0229
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 111 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -34 0830 Jun 10 06:33:54 2697 -14466 Nb t- -1.5398 0.0457 -0.9806 63.1 - -
02 -33 0848 Jun 20 13:19:57 2559 -14243 N t- -1.4660 0.1831 -0.8468 125.2 - -
03 -32 0866 Jul 01 20:03:56 2425 -14020 N t- -1.3912 0.3224 -0.7116 164.7 - -
04 -31 0884 Jul 12 02:49:55 2294 -13797 N t- -1.3183 0.4584 -0.5801 194.7 - -
05 -30 0902 Jul 23 09:37:09 2168 -13574 N t- -1.2466 0.5924 -0.4510 219.5 - -
06 -29 0920 Aug 02 16:29:26 2046 -13351 N t- -1.1794 0.7184 -0.3302 239.7 - -
07 -28 0938 Aug 13 23:26:21 1929 -13128 N t- -1.1163 0.8370 -0.2172 256.7 - -
08 -27 0956 Aug 24 06:28:59 1816 -12905 N t- -1.0582 0.9463 -0.1135 271.0 - -
09 -26 0974 Sep 04 13:38:51 1707 -12682 Nx t- -1.0065 1.0441 -0.0215 282.8 - -
10 -25 0992 Sep 14 20:56:23 1603 -12459 P t- -0.9615 1.1297 0.0584 292.6 58.4 -
11 -24 1010 Sep 26 04:21:48 1504 -12236 P t- -0.9230 1.2030 0.1262 300.6 85.2 -
12 -23 1028 Oct 06 11:54:42 1409 -12013 P t- -0.8911 1.2642 0.1821 307.1 101.7 -
13 -22 1046 Oct 17 19:35:27 1319 -11790 P t- -0.8660 1.3128 0.2258 312.2 112.7 -
14 -21 1064 Oct 28 03:23:09 1233 -11567 P t- -0.8469 1.3502 0.2587 316.2 120.3 -
15 -20 1082 Nov 08 11:16:05 1152 -11344 P t- -0.8323 1.3788 0.2835 319.3 125.6 -
16 -19 1100 Nov 18 19:14:28 1076 -11121 P t- -0.8223 1.3988 0.3003 321.6 129.2 -
17 -18 1118 Nov 30 03:16:19 1004 -10898 P t- -0.8150 1.4133 0.3124 323.3 131.6 -
18 -17 1136 Dec 10 11:19:58 936 -10675 P t- -0.8096 1.4241 0.3216 324.6 133.5 -
19 -16 1154 Dec 21 19:22:51 872 -10452 P t- -0.8036 1.4356 0.3322 325.9 135.6 -
20 -15 1173 Jan 01 03:24:43 812 -10229 P t- -0.7967 1.4482 0.3448 327.1 138.0 -
21 -14 1191 Jan 12 11:23:18 756 -10006 P t- -0.7869 1.4658 0.3631 328.6 141.3 -
22 -13 1209 Jan 22 19:16:05 703 -9783 P t- -0.7725 1.4916 0.3903 330.5 146.0 -
23 -12 1227 Feb 03 03:02:49 654 -9560 P t- -0.7531 1.5261 0.4269 333.0 151.9 -
24 -11 1245 Feb 13 10:41:36 608 -9337 P t- -0.7272 1.5722 0.4757 336.0 159.1 -
25 -10 1263 Feb 24 18:12:42 565 -9114 P t- -0.6950 1.6299 0.5364 339.5 167.4 -
26 -09 1281 Mar 07 01:33:37 525 -8891 P t- -0.6542 1.7029 0.6128 343.6 176.7 -
27 -08 1299 Mar 18 08:46:35 488 -8668 P t- -0.6068 1.7881 0.7016 348.0 186.2 -
28 -07 1317 Mar 28 15:49:55 453 -8445 P t- -0.5516 1.8876 0.8048 352.6 195.8 -
29 -06 1335 Apr 08 22:45:02 420 -8222 P t- -0.4893 2.0000 0.9209 357.1 205.0 -
30 -05 1353 Apr 19 05:32:00 389 -7999 T t- -0.4201 2.1251 1.0498 361.4 213.5 36.4
31 -04 1371 Apr 30 12:13:03 360 -7776 T t- -0.3457 2.2598 1.1879 365.0 220.9 67.6
32 -03 1389 May 10 18:48:43 333 -7553 T- pp -0.2665 2.4036 1.3350 367.9 226.8 85.6
33 -02 1407 May 22 01:19:29 307 -7330 T- pp -0.1827 2.5558 1.4902 369.9 231.2 97.2
34 -01 1425 Jun 01 07:48:18 283 -7107 T- pp -0.0970 2.7118 1.6488 370.9 233.8 103.8
35 00 1443 Jun 12 14:15:52 260 -6884 T- pp -0.0098 2.8706 1.8097 370.7 234.6 106.2
36 01 1461 Jun 22 20:44:43 238 -6661 T+ pp 0.0770 2.7463 1.6874 369.4 233.5 104.6
37 02 1479 Jul 04 03:14:45 218 -6438 T+ pp 0.1634 2.5872 1.5297 366.9 230.6 98.8
38 03 1497 Jul 14 09:49:55 198 -6215 T+ pp 0.2462 2.4347 1.3783 363.5 226.1 88.8
39 04 1515 Jul 25 16:29:57 180 -5992 T pp 0.3252 2.2893 1.2336 359.2 220.1 73.4
40 05 1533 Aug 04 23:16:00 164 -5769 T -t 0.3999 2.1520 1.0967 354.1 212.8 49.4
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 06 1551 Aug 16 06:09:51 149 -5546 P -t 0.4688 2.0256 0.9702 348.7 204.5 -
42 07 1569 Aug 26 13:12:21 136 -5323 P -t 0.5313 1.9111 0.8556 342.9 195.6 -
43 08 1587 Sep 16 20:25:05 125 -5100 P -t 0.5857 1.8114 0.7555 337.3 186.6 -
44 09 1605 Sep 27 03:46:02 112 -4877 P -t 0.6341 1.7229 0.6666 331.8 177.4 -
45 10 1623 Oct 08 11:18:42 88 -4654 P -t 0.6734 1.6508 0.5941 326.8 169.1 -
46 11 1641 Oct 18 19:00:25 61 -4431 P -t 0.7062 1.5909 0.5340 322.2 161.4 -
47 12 1659 Oct 30 02:52:52 35 -4208 P -t 0.7310 1.5454 0.4885 318.4 155.1 -
48 13 1677 Nov 09 10:52:40 16 -3985 P -t 0.7504 1.5096 0.4529 315.1 149.7 -
49 14 1695 Nov 20 19:02:06 8 -3762 P -t 0.7629 1.4863 0.4303 312.6 146.0 -
50 15 1713 Dec 02 03:17:09 9 -3539 P -h 0.7716 1.4698 0.4149 310.5 143.4 -
51 16 1731 Dec 13 11:38:06 11 -3316 P -h 0.7764 1.4601 0.4069 308.8 141.7 -
52 17 1749 Dec 23 20:02:11 13 -3093 P -h 0.7796 1.4532 0.4023 307.3 140.6 -
53 18 1768 Jan 04 04:29:31 16 -2870 P -h 0.7810 1.4490 0.4011 305.9 140.1 -
54 19 1786 Jan 14 12:55:56 17 -2647 P -h 0.7838 1.4421 0.3978 304.2 139.1 -
55 20 1804 Jan 26 21:21:21 12 -2424 P -h 0.7882 1.4319 0.3918 302.3 137.8 -
56 21 1822 Feb 06 05:43:26 11 -2201 P -a 0.7961 1.4151 0.3797 299.9 135.6 -
57 22 1840 Feb 17 14:02:34 5 -1978 P -a 0.8074 1.3917 0.3615 297.0 132.3 -
58 23 1858 Feb 27 22:14:20 7 -1755 P -a 0.8252 1.3561 0.3316 293.0 126.9 -
59 24 1876 Mar 10 06:21:31 -4 -1532 P -a 0.8474 1.3124 0.2937 288.4 119.7 -
60 25 1894 Mar 21 14:20:27 -6 -1309 P -h 0.8770 1.2549 0.2424 282.6 109.3 -
61 26 1912 Apr 01 22:14:16 13 -1086 P -h 0.9116 1.1884 0.1820 275.8 95.2 -
62 27 1930 Apr 13 05:58:54 24 -863 P -h 0.9545 1.1066 0.1064 267.3 73.4 -
63 28 1948 Apr 23 13:39:18 28 -640 P -a 1.0016 1.0171 0.0229 257.6 34.3 -
64 29 1966 May 04 21:12:06 37 -417 N -a 1.0553 0.9157 -0.0728 246.0 - -
65 30 1984 May 15 04:41:03 54 -194 N -a 1.1130 0.8071 -0.1760 232.5 - -
66 31 2002 May 26 12:04:26 64 29 N -a 1.1758 0.6893 -0.2888 216.6 - -
67 32 2020 Jun 05 19:26:14 72 252 N -a 1.2406 0.5683 -0.4053 198.2 - -
68 33 2038 Jun 17 02:45:02 83 475 N -a 1.3082 0.4422 -0.5275 176.3 - -
69 34 2056 Jun 27 10:03:09 106 698 N -a 1.3769 0.3143 -0.6519 149.9 - -
70 35 2074 Jul 08 17:21:38 145 921 N -a 1.4456 0.1870 -0.7765 116.6 - -
71 36 2092 Jul 19 00:41:58 185 1144 Ne -a 1.5131 0.0620 -0.8992 67.7 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
