Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 118

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 118 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1105 Mar 02. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2403 May 07. The total duration of Saros series 118 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1105 Mar 02   16:23:09 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  2403 May 07   11:19:39 TD

                      Duration of Saros 118  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 118 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 118
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PenumbralN 30 41.1%
PartialP 15 20.5%
TotalT 28 38.4%

The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 118 occur in the order of 9N 7P 28T 8P 21N which corresponds to:

                                     9  Penumbral
                                     7  Partial
                                    28  Total
                                     8  Partial
                                    21  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 118 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1754 Apr 07      Duration = 01h39m22s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1880 Jun 22      Duration = 00h37m09s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1375 Aug 12      Duration = 03h14m46s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2024 Sep 18      Duration = 01h02m47s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1249 May 28      Duration = 04h25m08s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1105 Mar 02      Duration = 00h56m17s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 118 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1375 Aug 12      Magnitude = 0.9514
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2024 Sep 18      Magnitude = 0.0848

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 118 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 118

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -36   1105 Mar 02  16:23:09   1058 -11068   Nb  t-   1.5583  0.0341 -1.0362   56.3    -      -  
 02  -35   1123 Mar 13  23:48:00    987 -10845   N   t-   1.5141  0.1123 -0.9522  101.1    -      -  
 03  -34   1141 Mar 24  07:06:11    920 -10622   N   t-   1.4633  0.2024 -0.8561  134.1    -      -  
 04  -33   1159 Apr 04  14:16:56    857 -10399   N   t-   1.4057  0.3050 -0.7475  162.5    -      -  
 05  -32   1177 Apr 14  21:21:09    798 -10176   N   t-   1.3418  0.4194 -0.6274  187.7    -      -  
 06  -31   1195 Apr 26  04:20:15    743  -9953   N   t-   1.2725  0.5438 -0.4974  210.3    -      -  
 07  -30   1213 May 06  11:15:13    691  -9730   N   t-   1.1983  0.6773 -0.3587  230.7    -      -  
 08  -29   1231 May 17  18:06:29    643  -9507   N   t-   1.1199  0.8187 -0.2123  249.0    -      -  
 09  -28   1249 May 28  00:56:09    598  -9284   N   t-   1.0389  0.9650 -0.0615  265.1    -      -  
 10  -27   1267 Jun 08  07:45:08    556  -9061   P   t-   0.9560  1.1151  0.0926  279.3   71.1    -  

 11  -26   1285 Jun 18  14:36:09    516  -8838   P   h-   0.8735  1.2647  0.2457  291.3  112.8    -  
 12  -25   1303 Jun 29  21:28:03    479  -8615   P   h-   0.7904  1.4157  0.3998  301.7  140.2    -  
 13  -24   1321 Jul 10  04:25:23    445  -8392   P   h-   0.7105  1.5609  0.5475  310.2  159.8    -  
 14  -23   1339 Jul 21  11:26:41    413  -8169   P   h-   0.6327  1.7028  0.6914  317.1  174.9    -  
 15  -22   1357 Jul 31  18:35:47    382  -7946   P   a-   0.5603  1.8348  0.8249  322.5  186.1    -  
 16  -21   1375 Aug 12  01:50:39    354  -7723   P   a-   0.4917  1.9602  0.9514  326.7  194.8    -  
 17  -20   1393 Aug 22  09:15:18    327  -7500   T   a-   0.4300  2.0730  1.0650  329.7  201.1   39.2
 18  -19   1411 Sep 02  16:48:09    301  -7277   T   a-   0.3740  2.1755  1.1679  331.9  205.8   60.8
 19  -18   1429 Sep 13  00:30:32    277  -7054   T   a-   0.3250  2.2652  1.2579  333.2  209.1   72.8
 20  -17   1447 Sep 24  08:22:29    255  -6831   T   p-   0.2832  2.3420  1.3348  334.0  211.3   80.5

 21  -16   1465 Oct 04  16:24:28    233  -6608   T+  p-   0.2490  2.4047  1.3976  334.3  212.7   85.5
 22  -15   1483 Oct 16  00:36:00    213  -6385   T+  p-   0.2218  2.4546  1.4476  334.2  213.5   88.7
 23  -14   1501 Oct 26  08:54:58    194  -6162   T+  p-   0.1999  2.4944  1.4878  333.8  213.9   90.8
 24  -13   1519 Nov 06  17:22:27    176  -5939   T+  p-   0.1846  2.5223  1.5162  333.2  213.9   92.1
 25  -12   1537 Nov 17  01:55:51    160  -5716   T+  p-   0.1738  2.5416  1.5365  332.5  213.8   92.9
 26  -11   1555 Nov 28  10:34:50    145  -5493   T+  p-   0.1671  2.5534  1.5495  331.7  213.5   93.3
 27  -10   1573 Dec 08  19:16:17    133  -5270   T+  p-   0.1620  2.5617  1.5597  330.8  213.2   93.5
 28  -09   1591 Dec 30  04:00:35    122  -5047   T+  p-   0.1588  2.5665  1.5668  329.8  212.9   93.7
 29  -08   1610 Jan 09  12:44:36    107  -4824   T+  p-   0.1549  2.5721  1.5752  328.8  212.6   93.9
 30  -07   1628 Jan 20  21:27:26     82  -4601   T+  p-   0.1499  2.5798  1.5861  327.9  212.4   94.2

 31  -06   1646 Jan 31  06:07:04     55  -4378   T+  p-   0.1417  2.5929  1.6030  327.0  212.3   94.7
 32  -05   1664 Feb 11  14:43:15     30  -4155   T+  p-   0.1303  2.6117  1.6258  326.1  212.3   95.4
 33  -04   1682 Feb 21  23:13:12     13  -3932   T+  p-   0.1132  2.6408  1.6594  325.3  212.5   96.4
 34  -03   1700 Mar 05  07:37:27      8  -3709   T+  p-   0.0909  2.6795  1.7026  324.5  212.7   97.5
 35  -02   1718 Mar 16  15:54:36     10  -3486   T+  p-   0.0622  2.7298  1.7576  323.8  212.9   98.5
 36  -01   1736 Mar 27  00:05:53     11  -3263   T+  pp   0.0283  2.7897  1.8222  323.0  213.0   99.2
 37   00   1754 Apr 07  08:08:01     13  -3040   T-  pp  -0.0140  2.8135  1.8507  322.0  212.8   99.4
 38   01   1772 Apr 17  16:04:45     16  -2817   T-  pp  -0.0612  2.7248  1.7663  320.9  212.3   98.6
 39   02   1790 Apr 28  23:53:39     16  -2594   T-  pp  -0.1156  2.6230  1.6685  319.4  211.1   96.6
 40   03   1808 May 10  07:38:16     12  -2371   T-  -p  -0.1736  2.5145  1.5637  317.5  209.2   92.8


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 118

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   04   1826 May 21  15:15:25      9  -2148   T-  -p  -0.2384  2.3941  1.4464  315.0  206.3   86.5
 42   05   1844 May 31  22:50:43      6  -1925   T   -p  -0.3050  2.2706  1.3255  312.0  202.4   77.1
 43   06   1862 Jun 12  06:21:03      8  -1702   T   -p  -0.3763  2.1387  1.1957  308.2  197.2   62.4
 44   07   1880 Jun 22  13:50:27     -5  -1479   T   -a  -0.4484  2.0057  1.0641  303.7  190.6   37.2
 45   08   1898 Jul 03  21:17:20     -5  -1256   P   -a  -0.5228  1.8689  0.9280  298.4  182.3    -  
 46   09   1916 Jul 15  04:46:07     19  -1033   P   -a  -0.5956  1.7351  0.7944  292.4  172.5    -  
 47   10   1934 Jul 26  12:15:38     24   -810   P   -a  -0.6681  1.6025  0.6612  285.7  160.8    -  
 48   11   1952 Aug 05  19:47:55     30   -587   P   -a  -0.7383  1.4741  0.5317  278.4  147.2    -  
 49   12   1970 Aug 17  03:24:06     41   -364   P   -a  -0.8053  1.3521  0.4079  270.6  131.3    -  
 50   13   1988 Aug 27  11:05:29     56   -141   P   -a  -0.8681  1.2380  0.2915  262.5  113.0    -  

 51   14   2006 Sep 07  18:52:25     65     82   P   -a  -0.9262  1.1329  0.1837  254.4   91.1    -  
 52   15   2024 Sep 18  02:45:25     74    305   P   -a  -0.9792  1.0372  0.0848  246.3   62.8    -  
 53   16   2042 Sep 29  10:45:47     87    528   N   -a  -1.0261  0.9528 -0.0031  238.5    -      -  
 54   17   2060 Oct 09  18:53:32    115    751   N   -a  -1.0670  0.8796 -0.0799  231.3    -      -  
 55   18   2078 Oct 21  03:08:03    154    974   N   -a  -1.1021  0.8171 -0.1462  224.8    -      -  
 56   19   2096 Oct 31  11:30:23    195   1197   N   -a  -1.1307  0.7666 -0.2006  219.3    -      -  
 57   20   2114 Nov 12  19:59:33    238   1420   N   -a  -1.1533  0.7270 -0.2439  214.9    -      -  
 58   21   2132 Nov 23  04:35:10    283   1643   N   -a  -1.1707  0.6968 -0.2776  211.4    -      -  
 59   22   2150 Dec 04  13:14:45    330   1866   N   -a  -1.1848  0.6727 -0.3051  208.7    -      -  
 60   23   2168 Dec 14  21:59:24    369   2089   N   -a  -1.1945  0.6565 -0.3242  206.9    -      -  

 61   24   2186 Dec 26  06:46:26    410   2312   N   -a  -1.2018  0.6443 -0.3389  205.7    -      -  
 62   25   2205 Jan 06  15:34:56    454   2535   N   -a  -1.2079  0.6341 -0.3511  204.7    -      -  
 63   26   2223 Jan 18  00:22:32    499   2758   N   -a  -1.2144  0.6230 -0.3639  203.6    -      -  
 64   27   2241 Jan 28  09:08:46    546   2981   N   -a  -1.2220  0.6096 -0.3784  202.1    -      -  
 65   28   2259 Feb 08  17:51:42    596   3204   N   -a  -1.2320  0.5917 -0.3971  199.9    -      -  
 66   29   2277 Feb 19  02:29:15    647   3427   N   -a  -1.2459  0.5662 -0.4229  196.5    -      -  
 67   30   2295 Mar 02  11:01:08    701   3650   N   -a  -1.2642  0.5329 -0.4564  191.7    -      -  
 68   31   2313 Mar 13  19:25:46    757   3873   N   -a  -1.2880  0.4890 -0.5001  184.8    -      -  
 69   32   2331 Mar 25  03:42:19    815   4096   N   -a  -1.3179  0.4341 -0.5548  175.5    -      -  
 70   33   2349 Apr 04  11:49:55    874   4319   N   -a  -1.3547  0.3665 -0.6222  162.7    -      -  

 71   34   2367 Apr 15  19:48:55    936   4542   N   -a  -1.3977  0.2876 -0.7010  145.6    -      -  
 72   35   2385 Apr 26  03:39:11   1000   4765   N   -a  -1.4471  0.1969 -0.7917  121.8    -      -  
 73   36   2403 May 07  11:19:39   1066   4988   N   -a  -1.5036  0.0934 -0.8955   85.0    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29