Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 122

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 122 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1022 Aug 14. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2338 Oct 29. The total duration of Saros series 122 is 1316.20 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1022 Aug 14   14:51:42 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  2338 Oct 29   13:35:05 TD

                      Duration of Saros 122  =  1316.20 Years

Saros 122 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 122
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 74100.0%
PenumbralN 31 41.9%
PartialP 15 20.3%
TotalT 28 37.8%

The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 122 occur in the order of 22N 8P 28T 7P 9N which corresponds to:

                                    22  Penumbral
                                     8  Partial
                                    28  Total
                                     7  Partial
                                     9  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 122 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1707 Oct 11      Duration = 01h40m05s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1563 Jul 05      Duration = 00h23m22s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2068 May 17      Duration = 03h18m59s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1419 Apr 10      Duration = 00h42m58s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2194 Aug 02      Duration = 04h29m39s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1022 Aug 14      Duration = 00h25m39s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 122 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2068 May 17      Magnitude = 0.9532
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1419 Apr 10      Magnitude = 0.0393

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 122 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 122

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -38   1022 Aug 14  14:51:42   1441 -12089   Nb  a-   1.5452  0.0087 -0.9639   25.6    -      -  
 02  -37   1040 Aug 24  22:35:38   1349 -11866   N   a-   1.4885  0.1128 -0.8599   91.2    -      -  
 03  -36   1058 Sep 05  06:27:56   1262 -11643   N   a-   1.4381  0.2055 -0.7676  121.8    -      -  
 04  -35   1076 Sep 15  14:28:39   1179 -11420   N   a-   1.3941  0.2866 -0.6871  142.5    -      -  
 05  -34   1094 Sep 26  22:38:25   1101 -11197   N   a-   1.3568  0.3555 -0.6191  157.4    -      -  
 06  -33   1112 Oct 07  06:57:02   1028 -10974   N   a-   1.3264  0.4118 -0.5637  168.2    -      -  
 07  -32   1130 Oct 18  15:22:48    958 -10751   N   a-   1.3014  0.4580 -0.5182  176.3    -      -  
 08  -31   1148 Oct 28  23:56:59    893 -10528   N   a-   1.2830  0.4920 -0.4848  181.8    -      -  
 09  -30   1166 Nov 09  08:37:08    832 -10305   N   a-   1.2696  0.5169 -0.4603  185.6    -      -  
 10  -29   1184 Nov 19  17:23:21    774 -10082   N   a-   1.2607  0.5332 -0.4440  187.9    -      -  

 11  -28   1202 Dec 01  02:11:52    721  -9859   N   a-   1.2534  0.5463 -0.4306  189.7    -      -  
 12  -27   1220 Dec 11  11:03:49    670  -9636   N   a-   1.2491  0.5538 -0.4222  190.6    -      -  
 13  -26   1238 Dec 22  19:55:49    623  -9413   N   a-   1.2449  0.5610 -0.4139  191.5    -      -  
 14  -25   1257 Jan 02  04:47:00    580  -9190   N   a-   1.2402  0.5688 -0.4043  192.4    -      -  
 15  -24   1275 Jan 13  13:35:00    539  -8967   N   a-   1.2330  0.5809 -0.3902  194.0    -      -  
 16  -23   1293 Jan 23  22:19:22    500  -8744   N   a-   1.2230  0.5981 -0.3706  196.3    -      -  
 17  -22   1311 Feb 04  06:58:29    465  -8521   N   a-   1.2089  0.6226 -0.3435  199.5    -      -  
 18  -21   1329 Feb 14  15:30:42    431  -8298   N   a-   1.1896  0.6565 -0.3066  204.0    -      -  
 19  -20   1347 Feb 25  23:56:18    400  -8075   N   a-   1.1650  0.7002 -0.2600  209.6    -      -  
 20  -19   1365 Mar 08  08:14:22    370  -7852   N   a-   1.1345  0.7547 -0.2025  216.2    -      -  

 21  -18   1383 Mar 19  16:24:19    342  -7629   N   a-   1.0974  0.8213 -0.1330  223.9    -      -  
 22  -17   1401 Mar 30  00:26:41    316  -7406   N   a-   1.0541  0.8993 -0.0523  232.3    -      -  
 23  -16   1419 Apr 10  08:21:39    291  -7183   P   a-   1.0048  0.9886  0.0393  241.3   43.0    -  
 24  -15   1437 Apr 20  16:10:28    268  -6960   P   a-   0.9505  1.0873  0.1399  250.4   80.0    -  
 25  -14   1455 May 01  23:51:27    245  -6737   P   a-   0.8897  1.1981  0.2522  259.7  105.8    -  
 26  -13   1473 May 12  07:28:21    224  -6514   P   a-   0.8256  1.3153  0.3703  268.7  126.1    -  
 27  -12   1491 May 23  15:00:00    205  -6291   P   a-   0.7569  1.4411  0.4965  277.4  143.5    -  
 28  -11   1509 Jun 02  22:29:18    186  -6068   P   a-   0.6866  1.5702  0.6253  285.4  158.0    -  
 29  -10   1527 Jun 14  05:54:52    169  -5845   P   a-   0.6134  1.7051  0.7593  293.0  170.6    -  
 30  -09   1545 Jun 24  13:21:01    153  -5622   P   a-   0.5409  1.8389  0.8916  299.6  181.0    -  

 31  -08   1563 Jul 05  20:46:26    140  -5399   T   a-   0.4678  1.9741  1.0245  305.6  189.7   23.4
 32  -07   1581 Jul 16  04:13:15    128  -5176   T   p-   0.3965  2.1064  1.1541  310.7  196.9   56.5
 33  -06   1599 Aug 06  11:42:06    119  -4953   T   p-   0.3272  2.2353  1.2794  315.1  202.6   73.1
 34  -05   1617 Aug 16  19:15:10     97  -4730   T+  p-   0.2621  2.3568  1.3970  318.8  207.0   83.7
 35  -04   1635 Aug 28  02:53:01     71  -4507   T+  p-   0.2013  2.4706  1.5064  321.9  210.2   90.8
 36  -03   1653 Sep 07  10:35:26     44  -4284   T+  pp   0.1448  2.5766  1.6076  324.4  212.6   95.4
 37  -02   1671 Sep 18  18:25:15     22  -4061   T+  pp   0.0951  2.6705  1.6963  326.5  214.2   98.1
 38  -01   1689 Sep 29  02:21:15      9  -3838   T+  pp   0.0509  2.7541  1.7747  328.2  215.2   99.5
 39   00   1707 Oct 11  10:24:59      9  -3615   T+  pp   0.0139  2.8249  1.8400  329.7  215.8  100.1
 40   01   1725 Oct 21  18:34:41     10  -3392   T-  pp  -0.0177  2.8206  1.8302  331.0  216.1  100.1


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 122

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   02   1743 Nov 02  02:52:32     12  -3169   T-  pp  -0.0421  2.7785  1.7829  332.3  216.4   99.7
 42   03   1761 Nov 12  11:15:47     15  -2946   T-  -p  -0.0614  2.7457  1.7449  333.5  216.6   99.3
 43   04   1779 Nov 23  19:44:47     17  -2723   T-  -p  -0.0752  2.7227  1.7172  334.8  216.8   98.9
 44   05   1797 Dec 04  04:17:57     14  -2500   T-  -p  -0.0850  2.7070  1.6971  336.0  217.0   98.6
 45   06   1815 Dec 16  12:55:06     12  -2277   T-  -p  -0.0906  2.6987  1.6850  337.2  217.4   98.4
 46   07   1833 Dec 26  21:32:54      6  -2054   T-  -p  -0.0951  2.6920  1.6749  338.4  217.8   98.3
 47   08   1852 Jan 07  06:10:44      7  -1831   T-  -p  -0.0991  2.6863  1.6663  339.6  218.2   98.3
 48   09   1870 Jan 17  14:46:33      1  -1608   T-  -p  -0.1037  2.6789  1.6566  340.7  218.7   98.2
 49   10   1888 Jan 28  23:20:01     -6  -1385   T-  -p  -0.1095  2.6692  1.6452  341.8  219.1   98.1
 50   11   1906 Feb 09  07:46:58      5  -1162   T-  -p  -0.1199  2.6507  1.6254  342.8  219.4   97.8

 51   12   1924 Feb 20  16:08:55     24   -939   T-  -p  -0.1338  2.6256  1.5995  343.6  219.7   97.1
 52   13   1942 Mar 03  00:21:54     25   -716   T-  -p  -0.1545  2.5879  1.5612  344.3  219.7   95.9
 53   14   1960 Mar 13  08:28:21     33   -493   T-  -p  -0.1799  2.5415  1.5145  344.8  219.4   94.0
 54   15   1978 Mar 24  16:23:11     49   -270   T-  -p  -0.2140  2.4790  1.4518  344.9  218.5   90.7
 55   16   1996 Apr 04  00:10:47     62    -47   T-  -p  -0.2534  2.4068  1.3795  344.7  217.1   85.8
 56   17   2014 Apr 15  07:46:48     69    176   T   -a  -0.3017  2.3182  1.2907  343.9  214.7   77.8
 57   18   2032 Apr 25  15:14:51     79    399   T   -a  -0.3558  2.2192  1.1913  342.4  211.2   65.5
 58   19   2050 May 06  22:32:02     94    622   T   -h  -0.4181  2.1052  1.0767  340.0  206.0   43.2
 59   20   2068 May 17  05:42:17    131    845   P   -t  -0.4851  1.9826  0.9532  336.6  199.0    -  
 60   21   2086 May 28  12:43:47    171   1068   P   -t  -0.5585  1.8486  0.8180  332.0  189.4    -  

 61   22   2104 Jun 08  19:38:40    213   1291   P   -t  -0.6362  1.7069  0.6746  325.9  176.8    -  
 62   23   2122 Jun 20  02:27:47    257   1514   P   -t  -0.7177  1.5584  0.5240  318.3  160.2    -  
 63   24   2140 Jun 30  09:13:17    303   1737   P   -t  -0.8012  1.4064  0.3695  308.9  138.2    -  
 64   25   2158 Jul 11  15:55:51    346   1960   P   -t  -0.8859  1.2525  0.2126  297.8  107.6    -  
 65   26   2176 Jul 21  22:36:52    386   2183   P   -t  -0.9707  1.0986  0.0553  284.6   56.3    -  
 66   27   2194 Aug 02  05:18:42    428   2406   N   -t  -1.0539  0.9479 -0.0993  269.6    -      -  
 67   28   2212 Aug 13  12:02:09    472   2629   N   -t  -1.1349  0.8015 -0.2499  252.6    -      -  
 68   29   2230 Aug 24  18:48:09    519   2852   N   -t  -1.2127  0.6610 -0.3950  233.5    -      -  
 69   30   2248 Sep 04  01:38:56    567   3075   N   -t  -1.2857  0.5294 -0.5314  212.4    -      -  
 70   31   2266 Sep 15  08:35:37    617   3298   N   -t  -1.3530  0.4086 -0.6573  189.3    -      -  

 71   32   2284 Sep 25  15:39:31    670   3521   N   -t  -1.4139  0.2994 -0.7716  164.2    -      -  
 72   33   2302 Oct 07  22:49:32    724   3744   N   -t  -1.4691  0.2007 -0.8754  136.1    -      -  
 73   34   2320 Oct 18  06:08:39    781   3967   N   -t  -1.5163  0.1166 -0.9645  104.8    -      -  
 74   35   2338 Oct 29  13:35:05    839   4190   N   -t  -1.5569  0.0446 -1.0414   65.4    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29