Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 135

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 135 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1615 Apr 13. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2877 May 18. The total duration of Saros series 135 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1615 Apr 13   19:38:31 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  2877 May 18   12:53:08 TD

                      Duration of Saros 135  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 135 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 31 43.7%
PartialP 17 23.9%
TotalT 23 32.4%

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 135 occur in the order of 9N 10P 23T 7P 22N which corresponds to:

                                     9  Penumbral
                                    10  Partial
                                    23  Total
                                     7  Partial
                                    22  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 135 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2264 May 12      Duration = 01h46m13s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    1957 Nov 07      Duration = 00h27m57s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1939 Oct 28      Duration = 03h23m22s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2480 Sep 19      Duration = 00h46m50s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2498 Sep 30      Duration = 04h42m27s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1615 Apr 13      Duration = 00h55m38s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 135 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1939 Oct 28      Magnitude = 0.9877
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2480 Sep 19      Magnitude = 0.0366

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 135 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 135

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -36   1615 Apr 13  19:38:31    100  -4759   Nb  a-  -1.5327  0.0399 -0.9488   55.6    -      -  
 02  -35   1633 Apr 24  03:17:46     74  -4536   N   a-  -1.4852  0.1271 -0.8619   98.9    -      -  
 03  -34   1651 May 05  10:48:41     47  -4313   N   a-  -1.4321  0.2249 -0.7647  130.8    -      -  
 04  -33   1669 May 15  18:11:57     24  -4090   N   h-  -1.3734  0.3332 -0.6575  158.2    -      -  
 05  -32   1687 May 27  01:28:13     10  -3867   N   h-  -1.3095  0.4512 -0.5410  182.7    -      -  
 06  -31   1705 Jun 07  08:39:03      9  -3644   N   h-  -1.2419  0.5763 -0.4180  204.8    -      -  
 07  -30   1723 Jun 18  15:45:35     10  -3421   N   t-  -1.1715  0.7068 -0.2902  224.8    -      -  
 08  -29   1741 Jun 28  22:47:45     12  -3198   N   t-  -1.0981  0.8430 -0.1571  243.1    -      -  
 09  -28   1759 Jul 10  05:48:57     14  -2975   N   t-  -1.0246  0.9797 -0.0240  259.5    -      -  
 10  -27   1777 Jul 20  12:48:46     17  -2752   P   t-  -0.9508  1.1173  0.1093  274.3   75.8    -  

 11  -26   1795 Jul 31  19:50:34     15  -2529   P   t-  -0.8791  1.2513  0.2387  287.3  110.4    -  
 12  -25   1813 Aug 12  02:52:49     12  -2306   P   t-  -0.8085  1.3834  0.3655  299.0  134.5    -  
 13  -24   1831 Aug 23  09:59:56      7  -2083   P   t-  -0.7428  1.5067  0.4833  309.1  152.4    -  
 14  -23   1849 Sep 02  17:10:17      7  -1860   P   t-  -0.6806  1.6238  0.5945  317.9  166.6    -  
 15  -22   1867 Sep 14  00:26:27      3  -1637   P   t-  -0.6239  1.7309  0.6956  325.5  177.8    -  
 16  -21   1885 Sep 24  07:48:12     -6  -1414   P   t-  -0.5725  1.8284  0.7867  332.0  186.7    -  
 17  -20   1903 Oct 06  15:17:33      2  -1191   P   t-  -0.5280  1.9133  0.8654  337.5  193.7    -  
 18  -19   1921 Oct 16  22:53:59     22   -968   P   t-  -0.4902  1.9858  0.9317  342.1  199.1    -  
 19  -18   1939 Oct 28  06:36:43     24   -745   P   t-  -0.4581  2.0477  0.9877  346.1  203.4    -  
 20  -17   1957 Nov 07  14:27:30     32   -522   T   t-  -0.4332  2.0963  1.0305  349.3  206.5   27.9

 21  -16   1975 Nov 18  22:24:12     46   -299   T   p-  -0.4134  2.1352  1.0642  352.1  209.0   40.2
 22  -15   1993 Nov 29  06:27:06     60    -76   T   p-  -0.3994  2.1633  1.0876  354.4  210.8   46.7
 23  -14   2011 Dec 10  14:32:56     68    147   T   p-  -0.3882  2.1860  1.1061  356.4  212.2   51.1
 24  -13   2029 Dec 20  22:43:12     78    370   T   p-  -0.3811  2.2008  1.1174  358.0  213.3   53.7
 25  -12   2048 Jan 01  06:53:55     91    593   T   p-  -0.3745  2.2141  1.1280  359.4  214.3   55.9
 26  -11   2066 Jan 11  15:04:47    126    816   T   p-  -0.3687  2.2259  1.1378  360.7  215.2   57.9
 27  -10   2084 Jan 22  23:13:00    166   1039   T   p-  -0.3610  2.2407  1.1513  362.0  216.3   60.5
 28  -09   2102 Feb 03  07:18:21    207   1262   T   p-  -0.3514  2.2585  1.1686  363.2  217.5   63.6
 29  -08   2120 Feb 14  15:17:20    251   1485   T   p-  -0.3371  2.2848  1.1950  364.6  219.1   67.9
 30  -07   2138 Feb 24  23:09:56    297   1708   T   p-  -0.3178  2.3198  1.2306  366.1  221.1   73.1

 31  -06   2156 Mar 07  06:54:14    341   1931   T   p-  -0.2922  2.3663  1.2782  367.7  223.5   79.0
 32  -05   2174 Mar 18  14:30:50    381   2154   T-  pp  -0.2605  2.4236  1.3371  369.4  226.0   85.2
 33  -04   2192 Mar 28  21:56:24    423   2377   T-  pp  -0.2202  2.4966  1.4120  371.1  228.8   91.6
 34  -03   2210 Apr 10  05:13:49    467   2600   T-  pp  -0.1736  2.5812  1.4985  372.7  231.3   97.3
 35  -02   2228 Apr 20  12:20:32    513   2823   T-  pp  -0.1184  2.6812  1.6007  374.0  233.6  102.1
 36  -01   2246 May 01  19:20:11    561   3046   T-  pp  -0.0575  2.7920  1.7136  374.9  235.2  105.2
 37   00   2264 May 12  02:08:52    611   3269   T+  pp   0.0121  2.8742  1.7979  375.2  235.8  106.2
 38   01   2282 May 23  08:52:42    663   3492   T+  pp   0.0856  2.7385  1.6640  374.6  235.1  104.4
 39   02   2300 Jun 03  15:28:06    717   3715   T+  pp   0.1655  2.5911  1.5183  373.1  232.8   99.0
 40   03   2318 Jun 14  22:00:42    773   3938   T+  pp   0.2477  2.4395  1.3681  370.4  228.8   88.9


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 135

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   04   2336 Jun 25  04:27:14    832   4161   T   -t   0.3347  2.2794  1.2090  366.4  222.5   71.0
 42   05   2354 Jul 06  10:53:56    892   4384   T   -t   0.4214  2.1198  1.0501  361.2  214.0   36.7
 43   06   2372 Jul 16  17:18:29    955   4607   P   -t   0.5095  1.9581  0.8887  354.5  202.8    -  
 44   07   2390 Jul 27  23:44:46   1019   4830   P   -t   0.5961  1.7992  0.7298  346.7  188.9    -  
 45   08   2408 Aug 07  06:12:58   1086   5053   P   -t   0.6809  1.6438  0.5740  337.6  171.8    -  
 46   09   2426 Aug 18  12:46:04   1155   5276   P   -t   0.7614  1.4963  0.4258  327.5  151.4    -  
 47   10   2444 Aug 28  19:24:50   1226   5499   P   -t   0.8375  1.3572  0.2857  316.7  126.5    -  
 48   11   2462 Sep 09  02:10:01   1298   5722   P   -t   0.9084  1.2278  0.1551  305.3   94.9    -  
 49   12   2480 Sep 19  09:03:33   1373   5945   P   -t   0.9726  1.1107  0.0366  293.8   46.8    -  
 50   13   2498 Sep 30  16:05:36   1450   6168   Nx  -t   1.0300  1.0062 -0.0694  282.4    -      -  

 51   14   2516 Oct 11  23:17:01   1530   6391   N   -t   1.0802  0.9148 -0.1624  271.5    -      -  
 52   15   2534 Oct 23  06:38:03   1611   6614   N   -t   1.1230  0.8370 -0.2416  261.5    -      -  
 53   16   2552 Nov 02  14:09:22   1694   6837   N   -t   1.1581  0.7731 -0.3067  252.5    -      -  
 54   17   2570 Nov 13  21:50:12   1779   7060   N   -t   1.1859  0.7227 -0.3581  245.0    -      -  
 55   18   2588 Nov 24  05:39:09   1867   7283   N   -t   1.2078  0.6828 -0.3986  238.6    -      -  
 56   19   2606 Dec 06  13:36:27   1956   7506   N   -t   1.2234  0.6542 -0.4274  233.7    -      -  
 57   20   2624 Dec 16  21:40:25   2048   7729   N   -t   1.2345  0.6336 -0.4476  230.0    -      -  
 58   21   2642 Dec 28  05:49:29   2141   7952   N   -t   1.2419  0.6196 -0.4605  227.2    -      -  
 59   22   2661 Jan 07  14:01:35   2237   8175   N   -t   1.2474  0.6087 -0.4697  224.8    -      -  
 60   23   2679 Jan 18  22:16:02   2335   8398   N   -t   1.2515  0.5998 -0.4762  222.7    -      -  

 61   24   2697 Jan 29  06:31:11   2435   8621   N   -t   1.2559  0.5902 -0.4828  220.4    -      -  
 62   25   2715 Feb 10  14:44:02   2536   8844   N   -t   1.2626  0.5760 -0.4931  217.3    -      -  
 63   26   2733 Feb 20  22:54:49   2640   9067   N   -t   1.2716  0.5573 -0.5075  213.3    -      -  
 64   27   2751 Mar 04  07:00:48   2746   9290   N   -t   1.2850  0.5303 -0.5295  207.8    -      -  
 65   28   2769 Mar 14  15:02:24   2855   9513   N   -t   1.3025  0.4953 -0.5591  200.7    -      -  
 66   29   2787 Mar 25  22:56:42   2965   9736   N   -t   1.3267  0.4481 -0.6005  191.0    -      -  
 67   30   2805 Apr 05  06:45:50   3077   9959   N   -t   1.3557  0.3919 -0.6507  178.8    -      -  
 68   31   2823 Apr 16  14:27:27   3191  10182   N   -t   1.3911  0.3237 -0.7127  162.8    -      -  
 69   32   2841 Apr 26  22:02:28   3308  10405   N   -t   1.4326  0.2445 -0.7856  141.9    -      -  
 70   33   2859 May 08  05:30:26   3426  10628   N   -t   1.4800  0.1543 -0.8695  113.1    -      -  

 71   34   2877 May 18  12:53:08   3547  10851   Ne  -t   1.5321  0.0556 -0.9623   68.2    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29