Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 140

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 140 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1597 Sep 25. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2968 Jan 06. The total duration of Saros series 140 is 1370.29 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1597 Sep 25   13:40:53 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  2968 Jan 06   21:40:03 TD

                      Duration of Saros 140  =  1370.29 Years

Saros 140 is composed of 77 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 140
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 77100.0%
PenumbralN 34 44.2%
PartialP 15 19.5%
TotalT 28 36.4%

The 77 lunar eclipses in Saros 140 occur in the order of 20N 8P 28T 7P 14N which corresponds to:

                                    20  Penumbral
                                     8  Partial
                                    28  Total
                                     7  Partial
                                    14  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 140 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2264 Nov 04      Duration = 01h38m36s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2102 Jul 30      Duration = 00h31m19s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2607 Jun 02      Duration = 03h13m02s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1958 May 03      Duration = 00h21m02s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2733 Aug 17      Duration = 04h20m49s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2968 Jan 06      Duration = 00h36m57s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 140 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2607 Jun 02      Magnitude = 0.9923
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    1958 May 03      Magnitude = 0.0092

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 140 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 140

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -37   1597 Sep 25  13:40:53    120  -4976   N   a-   1.5117  0.0922 -0.9238   86.7    -      -  
 02  -36   1615 Oct 06  21:30:17    100  -4753   N   a-   1.4676  0.1730 -0.8429  117.5    -      -  
 03  -35   1633 Oct 17  05:29:19     73  -4530   N   a-   1.4306  0.2407 -0.7750  137.3    -      -  
 04  -34   1651 Oct 28  13:37:37     46  -4307   N   a-   1.4003  0.2963 -0.7192  151.1    -      -  
 05  -33   1669 Nov 07  21:54:08     23  -4084   N   a-   1.3760  0.3406 -0.6745  160.9    -      -  
 06  -32   1687 Nov 19  06:18:50     10  -3861   N   a-   1.3575  0.3742 -0.6401  167.6    -      -  
 07  -31   1705 Nov 30  14:50:04      9  -3638   N   a-   1.3439  0.3987 -0.6145  172.0    -      -  
 08  -30   1723 Dec 11  23:25:51     10  -3415   N   a-   1.3333  0.4173 -0.5944  175.2    -      -  
 09  -29   1741 Dec 22  08:05:41     12  -3192   N   a-   1.3256  0.4305 -0.5792  177.1    -      -  
 10  -28   1760 Jan 02  16:47:25     14  -2969   N   a-   1.3191  0.4411 -0.5661  178.6    -      -  

 11  -27   1778 Jan 13  01:29:24     17  -2746   N   a-   1.3124  0.4519 -0.5522  180.0    -      -  
 12  -26   1796 Jan 24  10:09:20     15  -2523   N   a-   1.3035  0.4664 -0.5341  182.0    -      -  
 13  -25   1814 Feb 04  18:47:01     12  -2300   N   a-   1.2926  0.4843 -0.5122  184.5    -      -  
 14  -24   1832 Feb 16  03:20:41      7  -2077   N   a-   1.2783  0.5083 -0.4838  188.0    -      -  
 15  -23   1850 Feb 26  11:48:11      7  -1854   N   a-   1.2587  0.5420 -0.4453  192.8    -      -  
 16  -22   1868 Mar 08  20:09:48      3  -1631   N   a-   1.2339  0.5850 -0.3975  198.9    -      -  
 17  -21   1886 Mar 20  04:24:16     -6  -1408   N   a-   1.2029  0.6393 -0.3381  206.1    -      -  
 18  -20   1904 Mar 31  12:32:28      3  -1185   N   a-   1.1665  0.7036 -0.2688  214.2    -      -  
 19  -19   1922 Apr 11  20:32:12     23   -962   N   a-   1.1228  0.7812 -0.1863  223.2    -      -  
 20  -18   1940 Apr 22  04:26:25     25   -739   N   a-   1.0741  0.8683 -0.0945  232.5    -      -  

 21  -17   1958 May 03  12:13:29     32   -516   P   a-   1.0188  0.9676  0.0092  242.2   21.0    -  
 22  -16   1976 May 13  19:55:08     47   -293   P   a-   0.9585  1.0761  0.1217  251.8   75.4    -  
 23  -15   1994 May 25  03:31:20     60    -70   P   a-   0.8933  1.1941  0.2432  261.2  104.6    -  
 24  -14   2012 Jun 04  11:04:20     68    153   P   a-   0.8247  1.3183  0.3704  270.0  126.6    -  
 25  -13   2030 Jun 15  18:34:34     78    376   P   a-   0.7534  1.4480  0.5025  278.2  144.4    -  
 26  -12   2048 Jun 26  02:02:28     92    599   P   a-   0.6796  1.5825  0.6388  285.7  159.2    -  
 27  -11   2066 Jul 07  09:30:29    127    822   P   a-   0.6055  1.7179  0.7753  292.3  171.3    -  
 28  -10   2084 Jul 17  16:58:51    167   1045   P   a-   0.5312  1.8540  0.9119  298.1  181.4    -  
 29  -09   2102 Jul 30  00:29:10    209   1268   T   a-   0.4586  1.9873  1.0451  303.0  189.5   31.3
 30  -08   2120 Aug 09  08:01:32    252   1491   T   a-   0.3875  2.1182  1.1751  307.1  195.9   59.3

 31  -07   2138 Aug 20  15:38:46    298   1714   T   p-   0.3204  2.2421  1.2977  310.4  200.9   74.3
 32  -06   2156 Aug 30  23:20:37    342   1937   T+  p-   0.2569  2.3595  1.4132  313.0  204.6   83.9
 33  -05   2174 Sep 11  07:08:03    382   2160   T+  p-   0.1982  2.4683  1.5197  315.0  207.3   90.3
 34  -04   2192 Sep 21  15:02:17    424   2383   T+  p-   0.1453  2.5668  1.6154  316.5  209.1   94.4
 35  -03   2210 Oct 03  23:03:49    468   2606   T+  p-   0.0988  2.6537  1.6993  317.6  210.2   96.8
 36  -02   2228 Oct 14  07:13:09    514   2829   T+  pp   0.0586  2.7290  1.7713  318.5  210.8   98.0
 37  -01   2246 Oct 25  15:28:38    562   3052   T+  pp   0.0236  2.7950  1.8339  319.2  211.1   98.6
 38   00   2264 Nov 04  23:52:49    612   3275   T-  pp  -0.0039  2.8330  1.8685  319.8  211.2   98.6
 39   01   2282 Nov 16  08:23:04    664   3498   T-  pp  -0.0260  2.7939  1.8261  320.3  211.2   98.4
 40   02   2300 Nov 27  17:00:33    719   3721   T-  -p  -0.0421  2.7660  1.7950  320.8  211.2   98.1


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 140

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   03   2318 Dec 09  01:41:59    775   3944   T-  -p  -0.0546  2.7445  1.7707  321.3  211.2   97.8
 42   04   2336 Dec 19  10:28:54    833   4167   T-  -p  -0.0624  2.7315  1.7552  321.9  211.3   97.6
 43   05   2354 Dec 30  19:17:27    894   4390   T-  -p  -0.0685  2.7214  1.7430  322.5  211.4   97.5
 44   06   2373 Jan 10  04:07:33    956   4613   T-  -p  -0.0728  2.7144  1.7343  323.0  211.6   97.4
 45   07   2391 Jan 21  12:56:41   1021   4836   T-  -p  -0.0775  2.7063  1.7249  323.6  211.8   97.3
 46   08   2409 Jan 31  21:44:38   1088   5059   T-  -p  -0.0827  2.6972  1.7150  324.2  212.0   97.3
 47   09   2427 Feb 12  06:28:08   1157   5282   T-  -p  -0.0913  2.6817  1.6991  324.7  212.2   97.1
 48   10   2445 Feb 22  15:07:08   1227   5505   T-  -p  -0.1033  2.6598  1.6771  325.2  212.4   96.7
 49   11   2463 Mar 05  23:39:34   1300   5728   T-  -p  -0.1201  2.6287  1.6462  325.5  212.5   96.1
 50   12   2481 Mar 16  08:06:00   1375   5951   T-  -p  -0.1415  2.5893  1.6072  325.8  212.3   95.0

 51   13   2499 Mar 27  16:22:54   1453   6174   T-  -p  -0.1705  2.5359  1.5542  325.9  211.9   93.1
 52   14   2517 Apr 08  00:32:52   1532   6397   T-  -p  -0.2048  2.4726  1.4914  325.8  211.1   90.2
 53   15   2535 Apr 19  08:33:01   1613   6620   T-  -p  -0.2470  2.3950  1.4141  325.3  209.6   85.6
 54   16   2553 Apr 29  16:26:25   1696   6843   T   -p  -0.2942  2.3083  1.3276  324.4  207.4   78.8
 55   17   2571 May 11  00:09:06   1782   7066   T   -a  -0.3498  2.2064  1.2255  322.8  204.0   67.9
 56   18   2589 May 21  07:46:01   1869   7289   T   -a  -0.4096  2.0969  1.1156  320.5  199.4   50.5
 57   19   2607 Jun 02  15:13:55   1959   7512   P   -a  -0.4765  1.9746  0.9923  317.3  193.0    -  
 58   20   2625 Jun 12  22:36:39   2050   7735   P   -a  -0.5468  1.8464  0.8628  313.2  184.8    -  
 59   21   2643 Jun 24  05:52:24   2144   7958   P   -a  -0.6220  1.7093  0.7237  307.8  173.8    -  
 60   22   2661 Jul 04  13:05:13   2240   8181   P   -a  -0.6987  1.5698  0.5818  301.2  160.0    -  

 61   23   2679 Jul 15  20:14:10   2337   8404   P   -a  -0.7779  1.4261  0.4350  293.3  142.0    -  
 62   24   2697 Jul 26  03:21:15   2437   8627   P   -a  -0.8574  1.2820  0.2873  283.9  118.4    -  
 63   25   2715 Aug 07  10:27:45   2539   8850   P   -a  -0.9365  1.1390  0.1402  273.1   84.7    -  
 64   26   2733 Aug 17  17:35:07   2643   9073   N   -a  -1.0138  0.9994 -0.0040  260.8    -      -  
 65   27   2751 Aug 29  00:44:37   2749   9296   N   -a  -1.0883  0.8653 -0.1432  247.2    -      -  
 66   28   2769 Sep 08  07:56:48   2858   9519   N   -a  -1.1596  0.7373 -0.2767  232.3    -      -  
 67   29   2787 Sep 19  15:14:14   2968   9742   N   -a  -1.2257  0.6188 -0.4009  216.3    -      -  
 68   30   2805 Sep 29  22:36:36   3080   9965   N   -a  -1.2869  0.5096 -0.5162  199.3    -      -  
 69   31   2823 Oct 11  06:05:12   3194  10188   N   -a  -1.3420  0.4116 -0.6203  181.6    -      -  
 70   32   2841 Oct 21  13:40:22   3311  10411   N   -a  -1.3909  0.3250 -0.7133  163.4    -      -  

 71   33   2859 Nov 01  21:23:01   3429  10634   N   -a  -1.4327  0.2514 -0.7930  145.3    -      -  
 72   34   2877 Nov 12  05:12:17   3550  10857   N   -a  -1.4686  0.1885 -0.8619  127.1    -      -  
 73   35   2895 Nov 23  13:07:29   3673  11080   N   -a  -1.4989  0.1358 -0.9203  108.9    -      -  
 74   36   2913 Dec 04  21:09:04   3797  11303   N   -a  -1.5232  0.0940 -0.9675   91.3    -      -  
 75   37   2931 Dec 16  05:16:05   3924  11526   N   -a  -1.5420  0.0619 -1.0044   74.6    -      -  
 76   38   2949 Dec 26  13:26:38   4053  11749   N   -h  -1.5575  0.0357 -1.0349   56.9    -      -  
 77   39   2968 Jan 06  21:40:03   4184  11972   N   -h  -1.5698  0.0149 -1.0594   36.9    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29