Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 142

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 142 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1709 Sep 19. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3007 Nov 17. The total duration of Saros series 142 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1709 Sep 19   00:30:48 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  3007 Nov 17   00:06:57 TD

                      Duration of Saros 142  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 142 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 142
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PenumbralN 31 42.5%
PartialP 16 21.9%
TotalT 26 35.6%

The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 142 occur in the order of 21N 7P 26T 9P 10N which corresponds to:

                                    21  Penumbral
                                     7  Partial
                                    26  Total
                                     9  Partial
                                    10  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 142 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2304 Sep 15      Duration = 01h43m54s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2665 Apr 21      Duration = 00h28m28s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2196 Jul 10      Duration = 03h25m47s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2827 Jul 29      Duration = 00h23m53s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2070 Apr 25      Duration = 04h46m55s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    3007 Nov 17      Duration = 00h43m01s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 142 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2196 Jul 10      Magnitude = 0.9960
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2827 Jul 29      Magnitude = 0.0119

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 142 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 142

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -33   1709 Sep 19  00:30:48      9  -3591   Nb  t-   1.5439  0.0642 -1.0136   78.2    -      -  
 02  -32   1727 Sep 30  07:40:13     10  -3368   N   t-   1.4949  0.1565 -0.9259  121.5    -      -  
 03  -31   1745 Oct 10  14:56:57     12  -3145   N   t-   1.4515  0.2385 -0.8485  149.2    -      -  
 04  -30   1763 Oct 21  22:22:45     15  -2922   N   t-   1.4153  0.3071 -0.7842  168.6    -      -  
 05  -29   1781 Nov 01  05:56:11     17  -2699   N   t-   1.3850  0.3646 -0.7308  183.0    -      -  
 06  -28   1799 Nov 12  13:38:20     14  -2476   N   t-   1.3618  0.4090 -0.6897  193.4    -      -  
 07  -27   1817 Nov 23  21:26:57     12  -2253   N   t-   1.3435  0.4441 -0.6577  201.1    -      -  
 08  -26   1835 Dec 05  05:20:19      6  -2030   N   t-   1.3290  0.4717 -0.6322  206.9    -      -  
 09  -25   1853 Dec 15  13:18:43      7  -1807   N   t-   1.3186  0.4917 -0.6138  211.0    -      -  
 10  -24   1871 Dec 26  21:19:33     -1  -1584   N   t-   1.3105  0.5068 -0.5995  213.9    -      -  

 11  -23   1890 Jan 06  05:21:26     -6  -1361   N   t-   1.3029  0.5209 -0.5854  216.6    -      -  
 12  -22   1908 Jan 18  13:21:36      8  -1138   N   t-   1.2939  0.5370 -0.5685  219.5    -      -  
 13  -21   1926 Jan 28  21:20:24     24   -915   N   t-   1.2836  0.5551 -0.5488  222.6    -      -  
 14  -20   1944 Feb 09  05:14:57     26   -692   N   t-   1.2698  0.5792 -0.5223  226.7    -      -  
 15  -19   1962 Feb 19  13:03:42     34   -469   N   t-   1.2511  0.6120 -0.4865  231.9    -      -  
 16  -18   1980 Mar 01  20:46:03     51   -246   N   t-   1.2269  0.6545 -0.4405  238.5    -      -  
 17  -17   1998 Mar 13  04:21:08     63    -23   N   t-   1.1964  0.7086 -0.3824  246.4    -      -  
 18  -16   2016 Mar 23  11:48:21     70    200   N   t-   1.1591  0.7747 -0.3118  255.4    -      -  
 19  -15   2034 Apr 03  19:06:59     80    423   N   t-   1.1144  0.8545 -0.2274  265.4    -      -  
 20  -14   2052 Apr 14  02:18:06     98    646   N   t-   1.0628  0.9466 -0.1305  276.0    -      -  

 21  -13   2070 Apr 25  09:21:24    135    869   Nx  t-   1.0044  1.0515 -0.0209  286.9    -      -  
 22  -12   2088 May 05  16:16:50    175   1092   P   t-   0.9387  1.1695  0.1019  297.9   77.1    -  
 23  -11   2106 May 17  23:06:43    218   1315   P   t-   0.8677  1.2975  0.2345  308.4  114.5    -  
 24  -10   2124 May 28  05:50:59    262   1538   P   t-   0.7913  1.4356  0.3770  318.4  141.9    -  
 25  -09   2142 Jun 08  12:32:42    308   1761   P   t-   0.7118  1.5794  0.5247  327.2  163.2    -  
 26  -08   2160 Jun 18  19:10:10    350   1984   P   t-   0.6280  1.7313  0.6804  335.2  180.8    -  
 27  -07   2178 Jun 30  01:48:39    391   2207   P   t-   0.5438  1.8841  0.8364  341.8  194.6    -  
 28  -06   2196 Jul 10  08:26:05    433   2430   P   t-   0.4577  2.0407  0.9960  347.3  205.8    -  
 29  -05   2214 Jul 22  15:06:54    477   2653   T   t-   0.3734  2.1941  1.1518  351.4  214.2   60.4
 30  -04   2232 Aug 01  21:49:49    524   2876   T   t-   0.2898  2.3464  1.3061  354.3  220.4   81.1

 31  -03   2250 Aug 13  04:39:38    572   3099   T+  pp   0.2108  2.4907  1.4520  356.0  224.5   92.9
 32  -02   2268 Aug 23  11:34:51    623   3322   T+  pp   0.1351  2.6290  1.5915  356.7  226.9   99.8
 33  -01   2286 Sep 03  18:37:54    675   3545   T+  pp   0.0648  2.7576  1.7209  356.6  227.8  103.2
 34   00   2304 Sep 15  01:48:59    730   3768   T+  pp   0.0003  2.8756  1.8394  355.7  227.6  103.9
 35   01   2322 Sep 26  09:09:54    787   3991   T-  pp  -0.0568  2.7718  1.7360  354.3  226.5  102.8
 36   02   2340 Oct 06  16:39:55    846   4214   T-  pp  -0.1074  2.6788  1.6431  352.6  224.9  100.4
 37   03   2358 Oct 18  00:19:34    907   4437   T-  pp  -0.1509  2.5990  1.5634  350.7  222.9   97.2
 38   04   2376 Oct 28  08:09:00    970   4660   T-  pp  -0.1871  2.5326  1.4971  348.7  220.9   93.7
 39   05   2394 Nov 08  16:08:09   1035   4883   T-  pp  -0.2159  2.4796  1.4443  346.8  218.9   90.3
 40   06   2412 Nov 19  00:15:25   1102   5106   T-  -p  -0.2386  2.4377  1.4030  345.0  217.1   87.1


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 142

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   07   2430 Nov 30  08:31:15   1171   5329   T-  -p  -0.2548  2.4076  1.3735  343.3  215.5   84.6
 42   08   2448 Dec 10  16:53:19   1243   5552   T-  -p  -0.2667  2.3852  1.3524  341.7  214.2   82.6
 43   09   2466 Dec 22  01:21:41   1316   5775   T   -p  -0.2740  2.3710  1.3398  340.3  213.2   81.3
 44   10   2485 Jan 01  09:52:20   1391   5998   T   -p  -0.2800  2.3588  1.3298  338.8  212.3   80.2
 45   11   2503 Jan 13  18:27:08   1469   6221   T   -p  -0.2833  2.3514  1.3250  337.4  211.6   79.6
 46   12   2521 Jan 24  03:01:30   1549   6444   T   -p  -0.2872  2.3426  1.3195  336.0  210.8   78.9
 47   13   2539 Feb 04  11:35:58   1630   6667   T   -p  -0.2921  2.3317  1.3124  334.5  210.1   78.1
 48   14   2557 Feb 14  20:06:30   1714   6890   T   -p  -0.3008  2.3135  1.2986  332.7  209.0   76.6
 49   15   2575 Feb 26  04:34:54   1800   7113   T   -p  -0.3120  2.2906  1.2805  330.8  207.9   74.6
 50   16   2593 Mar 08  12:57:32   1888   7336   T   -p  -0.3284  2.2579  1.2528  328.7  206.3   71.4

 51   17   2611 Mar 20  21:14:33   1978   7559   T   -p  -0.3502  2.2152  1.2156  326.2  204.3   66.6
 52   18   2629 Mar 31  05:24:37   2070   7782   T   -p  -0.3783  2.1609  1.1668  323.3  201.6   59.5
 53   19   2647 Apr 11  13:28:29   2164   8005   T   -p  -0.4123  2.0956  1.1071  320.0  198.2   48.5
 54   20   2665 Apr 21  21:25:02   2260   8228   T   -a  -0.4528  2.0184  1.0355  316.1  193.8   28.5
 55   21   2683 May 03  05:14:46   2358   8451   P   -a  -0.4996  1.9298  0.9523  311.5  188.3    -  
 56   22   2701 May 14  12:58:21   2459   8674   P   -a  -0.5522  1.8308  0.8584  306.2  181.4    -  
 57   23   2719 May 25  20:36:44   2561   8897   P   -a  -0.6097  1.7228  0.7552  300.1  172.7    -  
 58   24   2737 Jun 05  04:09:30   2665   9120   P   -a  -0.6726  1.6053  0.6421  292.9  161.9    -  
 59   25   2755 Jun 16  11:39:21   2772   9343   P   -a  -0.7384  1.4826  0.5233  284.8  148.6    -  
 60   26   2773 Jun 26  19:05:54   2881   9566   P   -a  -0.8076  1.3539  0.3979  275.5  131.8    -  

 61   27   2791 Jul 08  02:32:22   2991   9789   P   -a  -0.8773  1.2245  0.2713  265.2  110.6    -  
 62   28   2809 Jul 18  09:56:45   3104  10012   P   -a  -0.9494  1.0913  0.1402  253.5   80.9    -  
 63   29   2827 Jul 29  17:23:45   3219  10235   P   -a  -1.0197  0.9614  0.0119  240.7   23.9    -  
 64   30   2845 Aug 09  00:51:23   3336  10458   N   -a  -1.0901  0.8318 -0.1169  226.6    -      -  
 65   31   2863 Aug 20  08:23:18   3455  10681   N   -a  -1.1571  0.7087 -0.2396  211.5    -      -  
 66   32   2881 Aug 30  15:58:08   3576  10904   N   -a  -1.2220  0.5897 -0.3589  194.9    -      -  
 67   33   2899 Sep 10  23:39:29   3699  11127   N   -a  -1.2819  0.4802 -0.4692  177.6    -      -  
 68   34   2917 Sep 22  07:26:14   3824  11350   N   -a  -1.3377  0.3786 -0.5721  159.1    -      -  
 69   35   2935 Oct 03  15:19:37   3951  11573   N   -a  -1.3883  0.2866 -0.6658  139.6    -      -  
 70   36   2953 Oct 13  23:20:11   4081  11796   N   -a  -1.4331  0.2052 -0.7492  119.0    -      -  

 71   37   2971 Oct 25  07:28:21   4212  12019   N   -a  -1.4719  0.1352 -0.8214   97.2    -      -  
 72   38   2989 Nov 04  15:44:27   4345  12242   N   -a  -1.5048  0.0761 -0.8830   73.3    -      -  
 73   39   3007 Nov 17  00:06:57   4481  12465   N   -a  -1.5328  0.0260 -0.9354   43.0    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29