Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 145

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 145 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1832 Aug 11. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 3094 Sep 16. The total duration of Saros series 145 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1832 Aug 11   14:14:52 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  3094 Sep 16   19:52:41 TD

                      Duration of Saros 145  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 145 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 145
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 26 36.6%
PartialP 30 42.3%
TotalT 15 21.1%

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 145 occur in the order of 18N 10P 15T 20P 8N which corresponds to:

                                    18  Penumbral
                                    10  Partial
                                    15  Total
                                    20  Partial
                                     8  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 145 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2427 Aug 07      Duration = 01h44m21s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2589 Nov 13      Duration = 00h16m55s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2319 Jun 03      Duration = 03h19m11s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2157 Feb 24      Duration = 00h05m35s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2139 Feb 13      Duration = 04h50m49s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    3094 Sep 16      Duration = 01h05m30s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 145 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2607 Nov 25      Magnitude = 0.9772
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2157 Feb 24      Magnitude = 0.0005

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 145 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 145

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -33   1832 Aug 11  14:14:52      6  -2071   Nb  t-  -1.5396  0.0662 -1.0000   79.1    -      -  
 02  -32   1850 Aug 22  20:54:59      7  -1848   N   t-  -1.4679  0.1997 -0.8704  136.1    -      -  
 03  -31   1868 Sep 02  03:41:27      2  -1625   N   t-  -1.4012  0.3242 -0.7499  171.9    -      -  
 04  -30   1886 Sep 13  10:34:41     -6  -1402   N   t-  -1.3398  0.4390 -0.6392  198.4    -      -  
 05  -29   1904 Sep 24  17:34:44      3  -1179   N   t-  -1.2837  0.5440 -0.5384  219.1    -      -  
 06  -28   1922 Oct 06  00:43:50     23   -956   N   t-  -1.2348  0.6358 -0.4508  235.2    -      -  
 07  -27   1940 Oct 16  08:01:17     25   -733   N   t-  -1.1924  0.7156 -0.3749  248.0    -      -  
 08  -26   1958 Oct 27  15:27:50     33   -510   N   t-  -1.1570  0.7825 -0.3118  257.9    -      -  
 09  -25   1976 Nov 06  23:01:59     47   -287   N   t-  -1.1275  0.8383 -0.2594  265.8    -      -  
 10  -24   1994 Nov 18  06:44:54     61    -64   N   t-  -1.1047  0.8815 -0.2189  271.6    -      -  

 11  -23   2012 Nov 28  14:34:07     68    159   N   t-  -1.0869  0.9155 -0.1873  276.0    -      -  
 12  -22   2030 Dec 09  22:28:51     78    382   N   t-  -1.0731  0.9416 -0.1628  279.2    -      -  
 13  -21   2048 Dec 20  06:27:48     92    605   N   t-  -1.0624  0.9617 -0.1436  281.6    -      -  
 14  -20   2066 Dec 31  14:30:10    128    828   N   t-  -1.0539  0.9773 -0.1281  283.3    -      -  
 15  -19   2085 Jan 10  22:32:29    168   1051   N   t-  -1.0453  0.9927 -0.1119  284.9    -      -  
 16  -18   2103 Jan 23  06:34:00    210   1274   Nx  t-  -1.0357  1.0095 -0.0937  286.5    -      -  
 17  -17   2121 Feb 02  14:32:40    253   1497   Nx  t-  -1.0235  1.0308 -0.0701  288.4    -      -  
 18  -16   2139 Feb 13  22:28:17    299   1720   Nx  t-  -1.0082  1.0574 -0.0406  290.8    -      -  
 19  -15   2157 Feb 24  06:16:36    343   1943   P   t-  -0.9868  1.0949  0.0005  294.2    5.6    -  
 20  -14   2175 Mar 07  13:59:53    383   2166   P   t-  -0.9608  1.1406  0.0502  298.1   54.8    -  

 21  -13   2193 Mar 17  21:34:32    425   2389   P   t-  -0.9274  1.1995  0.1138  303.0   81.6    -  
 22  -12   2211 Mar 30  05:02:58    469   2612   P   t-  -0.8882  1.2689  0.1880  308.4  103.6    -  
 23  -11   2229 Apr 09  12:21:26    515   2835   P   t-  -0.8403  1.3543  0.2786  314.6  124.2    -  
 24  -10   2247 Apr 20  19:34:24    563   3058   P   t-  -0.7870  1.4495  0.3789  320.9  142.4    -  
 25  -09   2265 May 01  02:38:34    613   3281   P   t-  -0.7260  1.5587  0.4934  327.4  159.3    -  
 26  -08   2283 May 12  09:37:20    666   3504   P   t-  -0.6596  1.6779  0.6177  333.7  174.4    -  
 27  -07   2301 May 23  16:29:16    720   3727   P   t-  -0.5869  1.8089  0.7536  339.6  187.8    -  
 28  -06   2319 Jun 03  23:18:19    776   3950   P   t-  -0.5109  1.9459  0.8953  344.8  199.2    -  
 29  -05   2337 Jun 14  06:03:17    835   4173   T   t-  -0.4307  2.0911  1.0448  349.2  208.8   34.0
 30  -04   2355 Jun 25  12:46:19    895   4396   T   t-  -0.3479  2.2409  1.1986  352.7  216.4   68.0

 31  -03   2373 Jul 05  19:28:57    958   4619   T-  t-  -0.2642  2.3928  1.3540  355.1  222.1   85.7
 32  -02   2391 Jul 17  02:12:50   1023   4842   T-  pp  -0.1807  2.5444  1.5086  356.4  225.9   96.3
 33  -01   2409 Jul 27  08:59:05   1090   5065   T-  pp  -0.0983  2.6943  1.6613  356.7  227.9  102.2
 34   00   2427 Aug 07  15:48:57   1158   5288   T-  pp  -0.0180  2.8405  1.8096  356.0  228.3  104.4
 35   01   2445 Aug 17  22:44:46   1229   5511   T+  pp   0.0583  2.7658  1.7366  354.5  227.3  103.3
 36   02   2463 Aug 29  05:47:14   1302   5734   T+  pp   0.1296  2.6342  1.6063  352.2  225.1   99.7
 37   03   2481 Sep 08  12:56:08   1377   5957   T+  pp   0.1966  2.5108  1.4839  349.4  221.9   93.7
 38   04   2499 Sep 19  20:14:17   1455   6180   T+  pp   0.2568  2.4000  1.3737  346.3  218.1   85.8
 39   05   2517 Oct 01  03:41:07   1534   6403   T   -p   0.3108  2.3007  1.2749  342.9  213.9   76.0
 40   06   2535 Oct 12  11:18:38   1615   6626   T   -p   0.3567  2.2164  1.1908  339.5  209.6   65.0


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 145

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   07   2553 Oct 22  19:04:11   1698   6849   T   -p   0.3969  2.1426  1.1172  336.2  205.3   52.0
 42   08   2571 Nov 03  03:01:01   1784   7072   T   -p   0.4285  2.0843  1.0591  333.2  201.5   37.5
 43   09   2589 Nov 13  11:06:01   1871   7295   T   -p   0.4544  2.0367  1.0118  330.5  198.1   16.9
 44   10   2607 Nov 25  19:20:19   1961   7518   P   -p   0.4734  2.0015  0.9772  328.1  195.4    -  
 45   11   2625 Dec 06  03:40:53   2053   7741   P   -p   0.4880  1.9745  0.9509  326.1  193.1    -  
 46   12   2643 Dec 17  12:08:59   2146   7964   P   -a   0.4971  1.9570  0.9347  324.3  191.5    -  
 47   13   2661 Dec 27  20:41:10   2242   8187   P   -a   0.5035  1.9444  0.9238  322.8  190.2    -  
 48   14   2680 Jan 08  05:16:52   2340   8410   P   -a   0.5078  1.9354  0.9170  321.3  189.2    -  
 49   15   2698 Jan 18  13:54:16   2440   8633   P   -a   0.5115  1.9274  0.9116  319.9  188.4    -  
 50   16   2716 Jan 30  22:32:36   2542   8856   P   -a   0.5151  1.9192  0.9066  318.4  187.6    -  

 51   17   2734 Feb 10  07:08:47   2646   9079   P   -a   0.5210  1.9064  0.8976  316.8  186.5    -  
 52   18   2752 Feb 21  15:42:15   2752   9302   P   -a   0.5298  1.8881  0.8835  314.9  185.0    -  
 53   19   2770 Mar 04  00:11:40   2860   9525   P   -a   0.5427  1.8620  0.8621  312.6  183.0    -  
 54   20   2788 Mar 14  08:36:50   2971   9748   P   -a   0.5601  1.8278  0.8327  309.9  180.4    -  
 55   21   2806 Mar 25  16:54:41   3083   9971   P   -a   0.5840  1.7812  0.7913  306.6  176.7    -  
 56   22   2824 Apr 05  01:07:10   3198  10194   P   -a   0.6129  1.7255  0.7408  302.8  172.1    -  
 57   23   2842 Apr 16  09:12:05   3314  10417   P   -a   0.6487  1.6572  0.6778  298.1  166.0    -  
 58   24   2860 Apr 26  17:11:09   3433  10640   P   -a   0.6900  1.5789  0.6047  292.8  158.3    -  
 59   25   2878 May 08  01:02:06   3553  10863   P   -a   0.7386  1.4872  0.5180  286.3  148.2    -  
 60   26   2896 May 18  08:48:25   3676  11086   P   -a   0.7915  1.3877  0.4233  278.9  135.6    -  

 61   27   2914 May 30  16:28:18   3801  11309   P   -a   0.8499  1.2784  0.3183  270.2  119.2    -  
 62   28   2932 Jun 10  00:03:59   3928  11532   P   -a   0.9122  1.1620  0.2058  260.3   97.2    -  
 63   29   2950 Jun 21  07:35:21   4057  11755   P   -a   0.9784  1.0389  0.0860  248.8   63.8    -  
 64   30   2968 Jul 01  15:04:44   4188  11978   N   -a   1.0464  0.9127 -0.0374  235.8    -      -  
 65   31   2986 Jul 12  22:32:25   4321  12201   N   -a   1.1162  0.7836 -0.1643  221.0    -      -  
 66   32   3004 Jul 24  05:59:11   4456  12424   N   -a   1.1868  0.6531 -0.2931  204.0    -      -  
 67   33   3022 Aug 04  13:27:37   4593  12647   N   -a   1.2562  0.5254 -0.4200  185.0    -      -  
 68   34   3040 Aug 14  20:57:38   4732  12870   N   -a   1.3243  0.4001 -0.5449  163.2    -      -  
 69   35   3058 Aug 26  04:31:35   4874  13093   N   -a   1.3896  0.2804 -0.6648  138.1    -      -  
 70   36   3076 Sep 05  12:08:52   5017  13316   N   -a   1.4523  0.1659 -0.7802  107.2    -      -  

 71   37   3094 Sep 16  19:52:41   5163  13539   Ne  -a   1.5099  0.0608 -0.8867   65.5    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29