Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 146

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 146 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1843 Jul 11. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3123 Aug 29. The total duration of Saros series 146 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1843 Jul 11   16:49:54 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  3123 Aug 29   06:55:44 TD

                      Duration of Saros 146  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 146 is composed of 72 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 146
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PenumbralN 16 22.2%
PartialP 39 54.2%
TotalT 17 23.6%

The 72 lunar eclipses in Saros 146 occur in the order of 9N 20P 17T 19P 7N which corresponds to:

                                     9  Penumbral
                                    20  Partial
                                    17  Total
                                    19  Partial
                                     7  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 146 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2492 Aug 08      Duration = 01h39m22s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2366 May 25      Duration = 00h03m52s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2672 Nov 27      Duration = 03h07m05s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2997 Jun 12      Duration = 00h45m14s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1987 Oct 07      Duration = 04h13m28s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1843 Jul 11      Duration = 00h43m18s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 146 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2672 Nov 27      Magnitude = 0.9755
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2997 Jun 12      Magnitude = 0.0389

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 146 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 146

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -36   1843 Jul 11  16:49:54      6  -1936   Nb  h-   1.5468  0.0226 -0.9831   43.3    -      -  
 02  -35   1861 Jul 21  23:50:38      8  -1713   N   a-   1.4659  0.1695 -0.8334  116.6    -      -  
 03  -34   1879 Aug 02  06:57:44     -5  -1490   N   a-   1.3889  0.3098 -0.6909  155.0    -      -  
 04  -33   1897 Aug 12  14:08:38     -5  -1267   N   a-   1.3135  0.4472 -0.5517  183.2    -      -  
 05  -32   1915 Aug 24  21:27:17     18  -1044   N   a-   1.2435  0.5750 -0.4226  204.4    -      -  
 06  -31   1933 Sep 04  04:52:20     24   -821   N   a-   1.1776  0.6955 -0.3013  221.4    -      -  
 07  -30   1951 Sep 15  12:27:06     30   -598   N   a-   1.1186  0.8034 -0.1928  234.6    -      -  
 08  -29   1969 Sep 25  20:10:19     40   -375   N   a-   1.0655  0.9007 -0.0953  245.1    -      -  
 09  -28   1987 Oct 07  04:02:30     56   -152   N   a-   1.0189  0.9863 -0.0096  253.5    -      -  
 10  -27   2005 Oct 17  12:04:27     65     71   P   a-   0.9796  1.0585  0.0625  259.8   56.0    -  

 11  -26   2023 Oct 28  20:15:18     74    294   P   a-   0.9471  1.1181  0.1220  264.6   77.4    -  
 12  -25   2041 Nov 08  04:35:05     86    517   P   a-   0.9212  1.1656  0.1696  268.0   90.3    -  
 13  -24   2059 Nov 19  13:01:36    113    740   P   a-   0.9004  1.2037  0.2079  270.5   99.2    -  
 14  -23   2077 Nov 29  21:35:53    152    963   P   a-   0.8854  1.2309  0.2356  272.0  105.0    -  
 15  -22   2095 Dec 11  06:15:02    193   1186   P   a-   0.8742  1.2510  0.2565  272.9  108.9    -  
 16  -21   2113 Dec 22  14:58:42    236   1409   P   a-   0.8666  1.2644  0.2712  273.2  111.5    -  
 17  -20   2132 Jan 02  23:44:22    281   1632   P   a-   0.8604  1.2750  0.2835  273.4  113.6    -  
 18  -19   2150 Jan 13  08:31:35    328   1855   P   a-   0.8552  1.2834  0.2941  273.3  115.3    -  
 19  -18   2168 Jan 24  17:17:30    367   2078   P   a-   0.8487  1.2940  0.3073  273.4  117.4    -  
 20  -17   2186 Feb 04  02:01:15    408   2301   P   a-   0.8402  1.3080  0.3244  273.7  120.1    -  

 21  -16   2204 Feb 16  10:41:26    451   2524   P   a-   0.8285  1.3276  0.3475  274.5  123.7    -  
 22  -15   2222 Feb 26  19:17:36    497   2747   P   a-   0.8137  1.3530  0.3767  275.6  128.0    -  
 23  -14   2240 Mar 09  03:46:50    544   2970   P   a-   0.7925  1.3898  0.4175  277.4  133.8    -  
 24  -13   2258 Mar 20  12:10:19    593   3193   P   a-   0.7663  1.4358  0.4676  279.8  140.3    -  
 25  -12   2276 Mar 30  20:26:06    645   3416   P   a-   0.7334  1.4941  0.5301  282.8  147.8    -  
 26  -11   2294 Apr 11  04:36:13    698   3639   P   a-   0.6956  1.5613  0.6014  286.1  155.5    -  
 27  -10   2312 Apr 22  12:37:09    754   3862   P   a-   0.6499  1.6433  0.6873  290.0  163.8    -  
 28  -09   2330 May 03  20:33:07    812   4085   P   a-   0.5998  1.7334  0.7810  293.9  171.8    -  
 29  -08   2348 May 14  04:21:14    871   4308   P   a-   0.5425  1.8368  0.8878  298.0  179.7    -  
 30  -07   2366 May 25  12:05:08    933   4531   T   a-   0.4817  1.9469  1.0007  302.0  186.9    3.9

 31  -06   2384 Jun 04  19:42:06    997   4754   T   a-   0.4149  2.0683  1.1244  305.7  193.6   50.8
 32  -05   2402 Jun 16  03:16:59   1063   4977   T   p-   0.3462  2.1934  1.2513  309.1  199.2   69.4
 33  -04   2420 Jun 26  10:47:40   1131   5200   T   p-   0.2737  2.3259  1.3849  311.9  203.9   82.0
 34  -03   2438 Jul 07  18:17:19   1201   5423   T+  p-   0.2003  2.4604  1.5199  314.2  207.5   90.5
 35  -02   2456 Jul 18  01:45:42   1273   5646   T+  p-   0.1257  2.5973  1.6567  315.9  210.0   96.1
 36  -01   2474 Jul 29  09:15:38   1348   5869   T+  pp   0.0523  2.7323  1.7910  316.9  211.3   98.9
 37   00   2492 Aug 08  16:47:17   1424   6092   T-  pp  -0.0195  2.7933  1.8505  317.3  211.6   99.4
 38   01   2510 Aug 21  00:21:36   1502   6315   T-  pp  -0.0891  2.6666  1.7219  317.2  210.9   97.7
 39   02   2528 Aug 31  08:00:19   1583   6538   T-  -p  -0.1549  2.5471  1.5999  316.6  209.3   94.1
 40   03   2546 Sep 11  15:43:56   1665   6761   T-  -p  -0.2167  2.4353  1.4850  315.6  207.1   88.7


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 146

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   04   2564 Sep 21  23:33:16   1750   6984   T   -p  -0.2732  2.3332  1.3795  314.4  204.3   81.6
 42   05   2582 Oct 03  07:29:03   1837   7207   T   -p  -0.3243  2.2415  1.2839  313.0  201.2   73.0
 43   06   2600 Oct 14  15:31:59   1925   7430   T   -p  -0.3690  2.1614  1.1998  311.6  197.9   63.0
 44   07   2618 Oct 25  23:42:26   2016   7653   T   -a  -0.4073  2.0934  1.1276  310.4  194.8   51.5
 45   08   2636 Nov 05  07:58:56   2109   7876   T   -a  -0.4402  2.0352  1.0651  309.3  191.8   37.5
 46   09   2654 Nov 16  16:23:11   2204   8099   T   -a  -0.4662  1.9896  1.0153  308.6  189.2   18.5
 47   10   2672 Nov 27  00:53:08   2301   8322   P   -a  -0.4868  1.9539  0.9755  308.1  187.1    -  
 48   11   2690 Dec 08  09:29:22   2400   8545   P   -a  -0.5021  1.9276  0.9455  307.9  185.5    -  
 49   12   2708 Dec 19  18:08:42   2502   8768   P   -a  -0.5144  1.9069  0.9212  307.9  184.2    -  
 50   13   2726 Dec 31  02:52:31   2605   8991   P   -a  -0.5225  1.8935  0.9048  308.2  183.4    -  

 51   14   2745 Jan 10  11:37:38   2710   9214   P   -a  -0.5292  1.8826  0.8912  308.6  182.8    -  
 52   15   2763 Jan 21  20:23:35   2817   9437   P   -a  -0.5347  1.8736  0.8801  309.0  182.3    -  
 53   16   2781 Feb 01  05:07:58   2927   9660   P   -a  -0.5411  1.8627  0.8674  309.4  181.8    -  
 54   17   2799 Feb 12  13:50:02   3039   9883   P   -a  -0.5492  1.8484  0.8520  309.6  181.1    -  
 55   18   2817 Feb 22  22:27:41   3152  10106   P   -a  -0.5604  1.8283  0.8309  309.5  179.9    -  
 56   19   2835 Mar 06  06:59:29   3268  10329   P   -a  -0.5761  1.7998  0.8019  309.0  178.1    -  
 57   20   2853 Mar 16  15:24:48   3386  10552   P   -a  -0.5965  1.7624  0.7643  308.1  175.4    -  
 58   21   2871 Mar 27  23:42:41   3505  10775   P   -a  -0.6226  1.7147  0.7165  306.6  171.7    -  
 59   22   2889 Apr 07  07:51:21   3627  10998   P   -a  -0.6557  1.6538  0.6556  304.2  166.4    -  
 60   23   2907 Apr 19  15:51:24   3751  11221   P   -a  -0.6955  1.5808  0.5826  301.0  159.1    -  

 61   24   2925 Apr 29  23:42:01   3877  11444   P   -a  -0.7423  1.4951  0.4967  296.6  149.4    -  
 62   25   2943 May 11  07:24:37   4006  11667   P   -a  -0.7949  1.3987  0.4000  291.1  136.5    -  
 63   26   2961 May 21  14:56:55   4136  11890   P   -a  -0.8551  1.2886  0.2893  283.9  118.4    -  
 64   27   2979 Jun 01  22:22:35   4268  12113   P   -a  -0.9200  1.1699  0.1697  275.1   92.5    -  
 65   28   2997 Jun 12  05:40:06   4402  12336   P   -a  -0.9909  1.0405  0.0389  264.0   45.2    -  
 66   29   3015 Jun 24  12:52:15   4539  12559   N   -a  -1.0651  0.9053 -0.0982  250.8    -      -  
 67   30   3033 Jul 04  19:57:36   4677  12782   N   -h  -1.1438  0.7620 -0.2438  234.4    -      -  
 68   31   3051 Jul 16  03:00:27   4818  13005   N   -h  -1.2235  0.6172 -0.3914  214.9    -      -  
 69   32   3069 Jul 26  09:59:54   4960  13228   N   -h  -1.3051  0.4692 -0.5428  190.8    -      -  
 70   33   3087 Aug 06  16:58:01   5105  13451   N   -h  -1.3866  0.3215 -0.6943  160.9    -      -  

 71   34   3105 Aug 17  23:56:01   5252  13674   N   -h  -1.4671  0.1762 -0.8440  121.2    -      -  
 72   35   3123 Aug 29  06:55:44   5401  13897   Ne  -h  -1.5449  0.0358 -0.9891   55.5    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29