Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 147

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 147 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1890 Jul 02. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 3134 Jul 28. The total duration of Saros series 147 is 1244.08 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  1890 Jul 02   14:08:36 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  3134 Jul 28   07:37:35 TD

                      Duration of Saros 147  =  1244.08 Years

Saros 147 is composed of 70 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 147
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 70100.0%
PenumbralN 16 22.9%
PartialP 42 60.0%
TotalT 12 17.1%

The 70 lunar eclipses in Saros 147 occur in the order of 8N 23P 12T 19P 8N which corresponds to:

                                     8  Penumbral
                                    23  Partial
                                    12  Total
                                    19  Partial
                                     8  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 147 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2539 Aug 01      Duration = 01h45m18s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2647 Oct 05      Duration = 00h31m17s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2665 Oct 16      Duration = 03h24m43s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2034 Sep 28      Duration = 00h26m42s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    3008 May 12      Duration = 04h49m25s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    1890 Jul 02      Duration = 01h25m15s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 147 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2431 May 27      Magnitude = 0.9651
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2034 Sep 28      Magnitude = 0.0144

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 147 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 147

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -36   1890 Jul 02  14:08:36     -6  -1355   N   a-  -1.4871  0.1025 -0.8445   85.3    -      -  
 02  -35   1908 Jul 13  21:33:55      8  -1132   N   a-  -1.4185  0.2292 -0.7195  126.3    -      -  
 03  -34   1926 Jul 25  05:00:12     24   -909   N   a-  -1.3511  0.3542 -0.5970  155.5    -      -  
 04  -33   1944 Aug 04  12:26:51     27   -686   N   a-  -1.2842  0.4785 -0.4758  179.1    -      -  
 05  -32   1962 Aug 15  19:57:30     34   -463   N   a-  -1.2210  0.5963 -0.3616  198.2    -      -  
 06  -31   1980 Aug 26  03:31:20     51   -240   N   a-  -1.1608  0.7089 -0.2531  214.4    -      -  
 07  -30   1998 Sep 06  11:11:11     63    -17   N   a-  -1.1057  0.8121 -0.1544  227.8    -      -  
 08  -29   2016 Sep 16  18:55:27     70    206   N   a-  -1.0548  0.9080 -0.0635  239.3    -      -  
 09  -28   2034 Sep 28  02:47:37     81    429   P   a-  -1.0110  0.9911  0.0144  248.7   26.7    -  
 10  -27   2052 Oct 08  10:45:58     99    652   P   a-  -0.9726  1.0642  0.0821  256.6   63.3    -  

 11  -26   2070 Oct 19  18:51:12    137    875   P   a-  -0.9406  1.1258  0.1383  263.2   81.7    -  
 12  -25   2088 Oct 30  03:03:20    177   1098   P   a-  -0.9147  1.1761  0.1831  268.5   93.6    -  
 13  -24   2106 Nov 11  11:22:14    219   1321   P   a-  -0.8947  1.2153  0.2171  272.8  101.7    -  
 14  -23   2124 Nov 21  19:47:21    263   1544   P   a-  -0.8808  1.2434  0.2401  276.1  106.9    -  
 15  -22   2142 Dec 03  04:16:11    309   1767   P   a-  -0.8704  1.2648  0.2569  278.9  110.6    -  
 16  -21   2160 Dec 13  12:50:19    351   1990   P   a-  -0.8650  1.2768  0.2646  280.8  112.4    -  
 17  -20   2178 Dec 24  21:26:20    392   2213   P   a-  -0.8614  1.2853  0.2694  282.5  113.6    -  
 18  -19   2197 Jan 04  06:04:04    434   2436   P   a-  -0.8601  1.2894  0.2703  283.8  114.1    -  
 19  -18   2215 Jan 16  14:40:00    479   2659   P   a-  -0.8578  1.2950  0.2732  285.2  115.0    -  
 20  -17   2233 Jan 26  23:15:04    525   2882   P   a-  -0.8553  1.3006  0.2767  286.6  116.0    -  

 21  -16   2251 Feb 07  07:45:40    574   3105   P   a-  -0.8497  1.3117  0.2862  288.4  118.1    -  
 22  -15   2269 Feb 17  16:11:18    624   3328   P   a-  -0.8406  1.3289  0.3023  290.7  121.5    -  
 23  -14   2287 Mar 01  00:30:02    677   3551   P   a-  -0.8265  1.3553  0.3278  293.6  126.4    -  
 24  -13   2305 Mar 12  08:41:35    732   3774   P   a-  -0.8072  1.3909  0.3629  297.2  132.7    -  
 25  -12   2323 Mar 23  16:43:41    789   3997   P   h-  -0.7809  1.4392  0.4110  301.6  140.6    -  
 26  -11   2341 Apr 03  00:36:59    848   4220   P   h-  -0.7480  1.4997  0.4713  306.6  149.6    -  
 27  -10   2359 Apr 14  08:20:06    909   4443   P   t-  -0.7077  1.5737  0.5452  312.4  159.6    -  
 28  -09   2377 Apr 24  15:54:42    972   4666   P   t-  -0.6611  1.6595  0.6307  318.5  169.8    -  
 29  -08   2395 May 05  23:17:48   1037   4889   P   t-  -0.6059  1.7608  0.7316  325.0  180.5    -  
 30  -07   2413 May 16  06:33:36   1104   5112   P   t-  -0.5457  1.8718  0.8419  331.5  190.5    -  

 31  -06   2431 May 27  13:39:33   1173   5335   P   t-  -0.4783  1.9959  0.9651  338.0  200.2    -  
 32  -05   2449 Jun 06  20:40:00   1245   5558   T   t-  -0.4068  2.1278  1.0956  344.0  208.7   48.3
 33  -04   2467 Jun 18  03:31:37   1318   5781   T   p-  -0.3290  2.2713  1.2374  349.5  216.3   72.8
 34  -03   2485 Jun 28  10:20:45   1394   6004   T-  pp  -0.2499  2.4177  1.3816  354.2  222.4   87.8
 35  -02   2503 Jul 10  17:04:26   1471   6227   T-  pp  -0.1673  2.5705  1.5317  358.1  227.0   97.7
 36  -01   2521 Jul 20  23:47:33   1551   6450   T-  pp  -0.0849  2.7232  1.6814  361.1  229.9  103.3
 37   00   2539 Aug 01  06:28:18   1633   6673   T-  pp  -0.0012  2.8786  1.8333  363.0  231.3  105.3
 38   01   2557 Aug 11  13:11:57   1716   6896   T+  pp   0.0794  2.7370  1.6879  363.9  231.1  103.8
 39   02   2575 Aug 22  19:56:32   1802   7119   T+  pp   0.1584  2.5943  1.5408  364.0  229.3   98.8
 40   03   2593 Sep 02  02:44:50   1890   7342   T+  pp   0.2335  2.4587  1.4006  363.2  226.2   90.3


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 147

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   04   2611 Sep 14  09:37:36   1980   7565   T   -t   0.3042  2.3315  1.2685  361.7  221.9   77.8
 42   05   2629 Sep 24  16:36:45   2072   7788   T   -t   0.3690  2.2151  1.1472  359.7  216.7   60.2
 43   06   2647 Oct 05  23:42:33   2166   8011   T   -t   0.4277  2.1100  1.0370  357.4  210.9   31.3
 44   07   2665 Oct 16  06:55:19   2263   8234   P   -t   0.4800  2.0165  0.9385  354.9  204.7    -  
 45   08   2683 Oct 27  14:16:32   2361   8457   P   -t   0.5247  1.9369  0.8540  352.5  198.6    -  
 46   09   2701 Nov 07  21:45:22   2461   8680   P   -t   0.5629  1.8693  0.7818  350.3  192.7    -  
 47   10   2719 Nov 19  05:21:16   2564   8903   P   -t   0.5947  1.8131  0.7212  348.3  187.3    -  
 48   11   2737 Nov 29  13:04:48   2668   9126   P   -t   0.6201  1.7684  0.6727  346.6  182.6    -  
 49   12   2755 Dec 10  20:54:39   2775   9349   P   -t   0.6402  1.7333  0.6342  345.3  178.6    -  
 50   13   2773 Dec 21  04:50:12   2884   9572   P   -t   0.6553  1.7068  0.6051  344.3  175.4    -  

 51   14   2792 Jan 01  12:48:24   2994   9795   P   -t   0.6682  1.6842  0.5804  343.4  172.6    -  
 52   15   2810 Jan 11  20:50:27   3107  10018   P   -t   0.6779  1.6669  0.5620  342.6  170.5    -  
 53   16   2828 Jan 23  04:52:44   3222  10241   P   -t   0.6877  1.6493  0.5439  341.7  168.3    -  
 54   17   2846 Feb 02  12:54:05   3339  10464   P   -t   0.6979  1.6303  0.5253  340.5  165.9    -  
 55   18   2864 Feb 13  20:52:07   3458  10687   P   -t   0.7108  1.6061  0.5022  338.9  162.8    -  
 56   19   2882 Feb 24  04:46:33   3579  10910   P   -t   0.7267  1.5761  0.4740  336.8  158.9    -  
 57   20   2900 Mar 07  12:35:27   3702  11133   P   -t   0.7471  1.5374  0.4377  333.9  153.6    -  
 58   21   2918 Mar 18  20:16:49   3827  11356   P   -t   0.7735  1.4874  0.3907  330.0  146.1    -  
 59   22   2936 Mar 29  03:51:11   3955  11579   P   -t   0.8056  1.4267  0.3334  325.0  136.1    -  
 60   23   2954 Apr 09  11:16:53   4084  11802   P   -t   0.8444  1.3536  0.2641  318.7  122.3    -  

 61   24   2972 Apr 19  18:34:31   4216  12025   P   -t   0.8899  1.2681  0.1826  310.8  102.9    -  
 62   25   2990 May 01  01:43:20   4349  12248   P   -t   0.9427  1.1692  0.0880  301.1   72.3    -  
 63   26   3008 May 12  08:44:58   4485  12471   Nx  -t   1.0011  1.0598 -0.0173  289.4    -      -  
 64   27   3026 May 23  15:39:32   4622  12694   N   -t   1.0652  0.9401 -0.1328  275.4    -      -  
 65   28   3044 Jun 02  22:27:13   4762  12917   N   -t   1.1350  0.8101 -0.2588  258.4    -      -  
 66   29   3062 Jun 14  05:10:19   4904  13140   N   -t   1.2083  0.6737 -0.3914  238.3    -      -  
 67   30   3080 Jun 24  11:49:03   5048  13363   N   -t   1.2850  0.5311 -0.5305  213.9    -      -  
 68   31   3098 Jul 05  18:26:12   5194  13586   N   -t   1.3633  0.3858 -0.6726  184.3    -      -  
 69   32   3116 Jul 17  01:00:59   5342  13809   N   -t   1.4434  0.2375 -0.8182  146.2    -      -  
 70   33   3134 Jul 28  07:37:35   5492  14032   Ne  -t   1.5220  0.0919 -0.9612   91.9    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29