Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 154

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 154 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2237 May 10. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3499 Jun 16. The total duration of Saros series 154 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  2237 May 10   23:45:33 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  3499 Jun 16   04:46:54 TD

                      Duration of Saros 154  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 154 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 154
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 30 42.3%
PartialP 16 22.5%
TotalT 25 35.2%

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 154 occur in the order of 7N 8P 25T 8P 23N which corresponds to:

                                     7  Penumbral
                                     8  Partial
                                    25  Total
                                     8  Partial
                                    23  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 154 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2832 May 06      Duration = 01h43m56s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    2940 Jul 10      Duration = 00h29m13s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2489 Oct 09      Duration = 03h27m28s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2363 Jul 26      Duration = 00h45m48s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2345 Jul 15      Duration = 04h36m51s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    3499 Jun 16      Duration = 00h11m55s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 154 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2489 Oct 09      Magnitude = 0.9575
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    2363 Jul 26      Magnitude = 0.0346

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 154 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 154

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -33   2237 May 10  23:45:33    536   2935   N   t-   1.5296  0.0863 -0.9832   90.2    -      -  
 02  -32   2255 May 22  06:33:13    585   3158   N   t-   1.4629  0.2082 -0.8604  138.7    -      -  
 03  -31   2273 Jun 01  13:13:38    637   3381   N   t-   1.3902  0.3413 -0.7267  175.7    -      -  
 04  -30   2291 Jun 12  19:47:41    690   3604   N   t-   1.3123  0.4841 -0.5835  206.7    -      -  
 05  -29   2309 Jun 24  02:17:42    745   3827   N   t-   1.2308  0.6337 -0.4340  233.4    -      -  
 06  -28   2327 Jul 05  08:44:32    802   4050   N   t-   1.1463  0.7888 -0.2792  256.7    -      -  
 07  -27   2345 Jul 15  15:10:59    862   4273   N   t-   1.0613  0.9453 -0.1235  276.8    -      -  
 08  -26   2363 Jul 26  21:36:02    923   4496   P   t-   0.9748  1.1044  0.0346  294.5   45.8    -  
 09  -25   2381 Aug 06  04:04:39    987   4719   P   t-   0.8908  1.2594  0.1881  309.5  104.5    -  
 10  -24   2399 Aug 17  10:35:26   1053   4942   P   t-   0.8080  1.4121  0.3391  322.3  137.2    -  

 11  -23   2417 Aug 27  17:11:33   1120   5165   P   t-   0.7295  1.5573  0.4822  333.0  160.1    -  
 12  -22   2435 Sep 07  23:52:36   1190   5388   P   t-   0.6545  1.6959  0.6186  341.9  177.3    -  
 13  -21   2453 Sep 18  06:42:17   1262   5611   P   t-   0.5863  1.8223  0.7426  349.0  190.2    -  
 14  -20   2471 Sep 29  13:39:37   1336   5834   P   t-   0.5238  1.9383  0.8561  354.7  200.0    -  
 15  -19   2489 Oct 09  20:45:34   1412   6057   P   t-   0.4679  2.0422  0.9575  359.2  207.5    -  
 16  -18   2507 Oct 22  04:00:56   1490   6280   T   t-   0.4193  2.1325  1.0454  362.6  213.0   34.7
 17  -17   2525 Nov 01  11:26:31   1570   6503   T   t-   0.3790  2.2076  1.1183  365.0  216.9   54.7
 18  -16   2543 Nov 12  19:00:51   1652   6726   T   t-   0.3451  2.2708  1.1796  366.7  219.8   65.9
 19  -15   2561 Nov 23  02:43:40   1737   6949   T   p-   0.3178  2.3216  1.2289  367.8  221.8   73.1
 20  -14   2579 Dec 04  10:34:13   1823   7172   T   p-   0.2963  2.3615  1.2678  368.5  223.1   77.8

 21  -13   2597 Dec 14  18:32:07   1911   7395   T   p-   0.2805  2.3907  1.2965  368.7  223.9   80.9
 22  -12   2615 Dec 27  02:33:58   2002   7618   T+  p-   0.2678  2.4139  1.3201  368.6  224.5   83.1
 23  -11   2634 Jan 06  10:40:40   2094   7841   T+  p-   0.2586  2.4303  1.3374  368.3  224.7   84.7
 24  -10   2652 Jan 17  18:48:27   2189   8064   T+  p-   0.2501  2.4451  1.3539  367.7  224.9   86.0
 25  -09   2670 Jan 28  02:57:43   2286   8287   T+  p-   0.2422  2.4583  1.3696  367.1  225.1   87.3
 26  -08   2688 Feb 08  11:03:30   2385   8510   T+  p-   0.2311  2.4771  1.3915  366.4  225.4   88.9
 27  -07   2706 Feb 19  19:08:31   2485   8733   T+  p-   0.2189  2.4976  1.4159  365.6  225.7   90.7
 28  -06   2724 Mar 02  03:07:53   2588   8956   T+  p-   0.2019  2.5265  1.4492  364.8  226.2   92.8
 29  -05   2742 Mar 13  11:02:37   2693   9179   T+  p-   0.1801  2.5639  1.4916  364.0  226.8   95.3
 30  -04   2760 Mar 23  18:49:54   2801   9402   T+  pp   0.1517  2.6135  1.5465  363.2  227.6   98.0

 31  -03   2778 Apr 04  02:31:48   2910   9625   T+  pp   0.1179  2.6725  1.6113  362.3  228.2  100.5
 32  -02   2796 Apr 14  10:05:56   3021   9848   T+  pp   0.0771  2.7444  1.6891  361.2  228.7  102.6
 33  -01   2814 Apr 25  17:33:04   3134  10071   T+  pp   0.0297  2.8283  1.7790  359.9  228.9  103.9
 34   00   2832 May 06  00:53:25   3250  10294   T-  pp  -0.0242  2.8354  1.7921  358.2  228.4  103.9
 35   01   2850 May 17  08:08:10   3367  10517   T-  pp  -0.0838  2.7230  1.6857  356.0  227.2  102.3
 36   02   2868 May 27  15:16:52   3487  10740   T-  pp  -0.1491  2.6003  1.5686  353.1  224.9   98.4
 37   03   2886 Jun 07  22:21:31   3608  10963   T-  pp  -0.2186  2.4700  1.4438  349.6  221.5   91.5
 38   04   2904 Jun 19  05:22:46   3732  11186   T   pp  -0.2919  2.3330  1.3119  345.2  216.6   80.5
 39   05   2922 Jun 30  12:22:26   3857  11409   T   -p  -0.3673  2.1923  1.1757  339.9  210.2   63.1
 40   06   2940 Jul 10  19:20:01   3985  11632   T   -t  -0.4453  2.0470  1.0346  333.6  202.0   29.2


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 154

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   07   2958 Jul 22  02:19:20   4115  11855   P   -t  -0.5226  1.9034  0.8946  326.5  192.0    -  
 42   08   2976 Aug 01  09:19:40   4247  12078   P   -t  -0.6000  1.7599  0.7543  318.4  180.1    -  
 43   09   2994 Aug 12  16:24:46   4381  12301   P   -t  -0.6741  1.6226  0.6196  309.7  166.3    -  
 44   10   3012 Aug 23  23:32:38   4517  12524   P   -t  -0.7467  1.4883  0.4874  300.3  150.2    -  
 45   11   3030 Sep 04  06:48:19   4655  12747   P   -h  -0.8138  1.3643  0.3651  290.6  132.0    -  
 46   12   3048 Sep 14  14:09:11   4796  12970   P   -h  -0.8775  1.2469  0.2488  280.6  110.5    -  
 47   13   3066 Sep 25  21:38:35   4938  13193   P   -a  -0.9348  1.1413  0.1441  270.6   85.0    -  
 48   14   3084 Oct 06  05:15:21   5082  13416   P   -a  -0.9869  1.0455  0.0487  260.9   49.9    -  
 49   15   3102 Oct 18  13:02:00   5229  13639   N   -a  -1.0316  0.9632 -0.0333  251.8    -      -  
 50   16   3120 Oct 28  20:57:19   5377  13862   N   -a  -1.0702  0.8925 -0.1040  243.5    -      -  

 51   17   3138 Nov 09  05:01:03   5528  14085   N   -a  -1.1026  0.8329 -0.1636  236.0    -      -  
 52   18   3156 Nov 19  13:14:09   5681  14308   N   -a  -1.1280  0.7864 -0.2101  229.8    -      -  
 53   19   3174 Nov 30  21:35:04   5835  14531   N   -a  -1.1474  0.7507 -0.2456  224.7    -      -  
 54   20   3192 Dec 11  06:03:39   5992  14754   N   -a  -1.1615  0.7247 -0.2714  220.8    -      -  
 55   21   3210 Dec 22  14:37:19   6151  14977   N   -a  -1.1720  0.7052 -0.2903  217.7    -      -  
 56   22   3229 Jan 01  23:17:03   6312  15200   N   -a  -1.1781  0.6934 -0.3011  215.5    -      -  
 57   23   3247 Jan 13  07:59:48   6475  15423   N   -a  -1.1822  0.6851 -0.3080  213.9    -      -  
 58   24   3265 Jan 23  16:45:01   6640  15646   N   -a  -1.1848  0.6795 -0.3118  212.6    -      -  
 59   25   3283 Feb 04  01:30:21   6807  15869   N   -a  -1.1878  0.6728 -0.3161  211.2    -      -  
 60   26   3301 Feb 15  10:15:28   6977  16092   N   -a  -1.1916  0.6645 -0.3217  209.5    -      -  

 61   27   3319 Feb 26  18:57:38   7148  16315   N   -a  -1.1983  0.6507 -0.3324  207.1    -      -  
 62   28   3337 Mar 09  03:36:09   7321  16538   N   -a  -1.2083  0.6304 -0.3491  203.7    -      -  
 63   29   3355 Mar 20  12:09:50   7497  16761   N   -a  -1.2229  0.6018 -0.3739  199.1    -      -  
 64   30   3373 Mar 30  20:38:34   7674  16984   N   -a  -1.2417  0.5652 -0.4066  193.2    -      -  
 65   31   3391 Apr 11  04:59:33   7854  17207   N   -a  -1.2676  0.5157 -0.4519  185.0    -      -  
 66   32   3409 Apr 22  13:14:36   8036  17430   N   -a  -1.2986  0.4567 -0.5068  174.7    -      -  
 67   33   3427 May 03  21:21:44   8219  17653   N   -a  -1.3365  0.3851 -0.5743  161.2    -      -  
 68   34   3445 May 14  05:23:22   8405  17876   N   -a  -1.3790  0.3053 -0.6504  144.3    -      -  
 69   35   3463 May 25  13:16:14   8593  18099   N   -a  -1.4288  0.2120 -0.7401  121.1    -      -  
 70   36   3481 Jun 04  21:05:01   8783  18322   N   -a  -1.4822  0.1124 -0.8365   88.8    -      -  

 71   37   3499 Jun 16  04:46:54   8975  18545   Ne  -a  -1.5416  0.0020 -0.9442   11.9    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29