The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 158 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2154 Oct 21. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3597 Mar 17. The total duration of Saros series 158 is 1442.41 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2154 Oct 21 09:26:08 TD
Last Eclipse = 3597 Mar 17 04:26:16 TD
Duration of Saros 158 = 1442.41 Years
Saros 158 is composed of 81 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 158 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 81 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 38 | 46.9% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 18.5% |
| Total | T | 28 | 34.6% |
The 81 lunar eclipses in Saros 158 occur in the order of 20N 7P 28T 8P 18N which corresponds to:
20 Penumbral
7 Partial
28 Total
8 Partial
18 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 158 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2803 Nov 20 Duration = 01h38m45s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2641 Aug 13 Duration = 00h30m34s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3146 Jun 16 Duration = 03h07m16s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3272 Aug 31 Duration = 00h47m38s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2497 May 16 Duration = 04h09m54s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 3597 Mar 17 Duration = 00h47m07s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 158 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3146 Jun 16 Magnitude = 0.9933
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3272 Aug 31 Magnitude = 0.0467
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 158 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -36 2154 Oct 21 09:26:08 338 1914 Nb t- 1.5560 0.0348 -1.0286 56.4 - -
02 -35 2172 Oct 31 17:09:17 378 2137 N h- 1.5197 0.1016 -0.9623 95.5 - -
03 -34 2190 Nov 12 01:00:53 419 2360 N h- 1.4894 0.1572 -0.9067 117.9 - -
04 -33 2208 Nov 23 09:01:59 463 2583 N h- 1.4659 0.2002 -0.8635 132.2 - -
05 -32 2226 Dec 04 17:10:21 509 2806 N h- 1.4479 0.2330 -0.8300 141.8 - -
06 -31 2244 Dec 15 01:25:20 557 3029 N a- 1.4340 0.2578 -0.8040 148.4 - -
07 -30 2262 Dec 26 09:43:59 607 3252 N a- 1.4226 0.2778 -0.7821 153.3 - -
08 -29 2281 Jan 05 18:06:46 659 3475 N a- 1.4136 0.2931 -0.7644 156.7 - -
09 -28 2299 Jan 17 02:30:29 713 3698 N a- 1.4048 0.3077 -0.7467 159.8 - -
10 -27 2317 Jan 28 10:53:57 769 3921 N a- 1.3953 0.3233 -0.7273 163.0 - -
11 -26 2335 Feb 08 19:15:18 827 4144 N a- 1.3834 0.3429 -0.7034 166.9 - -
12 -25 2353 Feb 19 03:33:51 888 4367 N a- 1.3686 0.3676 -0.6738 171.7 - -
13 -24 2371 Mar 02 11:47:04 950 4590 N a- 1.3489 0.4010 -0.6350 178.0 - -
14 -23 2389 Mar 12 19:54:34 1014 4813 N a- 1.3239 0.4441 -0.5863 185.8 - -
15 -22 2407 Mar 24 03:55:49 1081 5036 N a- 1.2931 0.4974 -0.5268 194.8 - -
16 -21 2425 Apr 03 11:50:58 1149 5259 N a- 1.2568 0.5609 -0.4572 204.7 - -
17 -20 2443 Apr 14 19:37:49 1220 5482 N a- 1.2128 0.6385 -0.3734 215.7 - -
18 -19 2461 Apr 25 03:19:08 1293 5705 N a- 1.1634 0.7261 -0.2797 227.0 - -
19 -18 2479 May 06 10:53:14 1368 5928 N a- 1.1070 0.8265 -0.1732 238.7 - -
20 -17 2497 May 16 18:23:08 1444 6151 N a- 1.0463 0.9350 -0.0590 249.9 - -
21 -16 2515 May 29 01:46:15 1523 6374 P a- 0.9791 1.0557 0.0671 261.0 58.4 -
22 -15 2533 Jun 08 09:07:46 1604 6597 P a- 0.9093 1.1811 0.1975 271.2 98.1 -
23 -14 2551 Jun 19 16:25:17 1688 6820 P a- 0.8350 1.3153 0.3361 280.7 125.0 -
24 -13 2569 Jun 29 23:42:27 1773 7043 P a- 0.7595 1.4519 0.4767 289.1 145.4 -
25 -12 2587 Jul 11 06:58:13 1860 7266 P a- 0.6818 1.5926 0.6208 296.6 161.7 -
26 -11 2605 Jul 22 14:16:22 1949 7489 P a- 0.6052 1.7318 0.7628 302.9 174.7 -
27 -10 2623 Aug 02 21:35:48 2041 7712 P a- 0.5288 1.8709 0.9040 308.2 185.1 -
28 -09 2641 Aug 13 04:58:42 2134 7935 T a- 0.4545 2.0065 1.0412 312.5 193.3 30.6
29 -08 2659 Aug 24 12:25:53 2230 8158 T a- 0.3831 2.1370 1.1727 315.8 199.6 59.9
30 -07 2677 Sep 03 19:58:59 2327 8381 T p- 0.3160 2.2598 1.2960 318.3 204.3 75.2
31 -06 2695 Sep 15 03:38:20 2427 8604 T+ p- 0.2537 2.3741 1.4104 320.0 207.6 84.8
32 -05 2713 Sep 26 11:24:41 2529 8827 T+ p- 0.1969 2.4786 1.5145 321.1 209.8 90.9
33 -04 2731 Oct 07 19:19:13 2632 9050 T+ p- 0.1462 2.5719 1.6071 321.7 211.2 94.8
34 -03 2749 Oct 18 03:21:40 2738 9273 T+ p- 0.1018 2.6540 1.6881 321.9 211.9 97.1
35 -02 2767 Oct 29 11:31:52 2846 9496 T+ p- 0.0636 2.7247 1.7577 321.9 212.1 98.3
36 -01 2785 Nov 08 19:50:41 2956 9719 T+ pp 0.0321 2.7830 1.8148 321.7 212.1 98.7
37 00 2803 Nov 20 04:17:09 3068 9942 T+ pp 0.0068 2.8300 1.8606 321.4 211.8 98.7
38 01 2821 Nov 30 12:51:18 3183 10165 T- pp -0.0124 2.8203 1.8499 321.1 211.5 98.5
39 02 2839 Dec 11 21:30:26 3299 10388 T- pp -0.0278 2.7924 1.8211 320.8 211.2 98.3
40 03 2857 Dec 22 06:16:07 3417 10611 T- pp -0.0378 2.7743 1.8025 320.5 210.9 98.0
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 04 2876 Jan 02 15:04:42 3538 10834 T- pp -0.0454 2.7606 1.7885 320.2 210.7 97.8
42 05 2894 Jan 12 23:56:21 3660 11057 T- pp -0.0507 2.7508 1.7789 319.9 210.5 97.6
43 06 2912 Jan 25 08:47:30 3785 11280 T- -p -0.0564 2.7401 1.7687 319.6 210.3 97.4
44 07 2930 Feb 04 17:39:03 3911 11503 T- -p -0.0617 2.7297 1.7594 319.4 210.2 97.3
45 08 2948 Feb 16 02:27:42 4040 11726 T- -p -0.0695 2.7148 1.7458 319.1 210.1 97.1
46 09 2966 Feb 26 11:12:54 4171 11949 T- -p -0.0800 2.6947 1.7275 318.8 209.9 96.8
47 10 2984 Mar 08 19:52:55 4303 12172 T- -p -0.0948 2.6664 1.7012 318.4 209.7 96.3
48 11 3002 Mar 21 04:27:30 4438 12395 T- -p -0.1143 2.6296 1.6666 318.0 209.4 95.6
49 12 3020 Mar 31 12:55:02 4575 12618 T- -p -0.1396 2.5821 1.6214 317.4 208.9 94.3
50 13 3038 Apr 11 21:15:18 4714 12841 T- -p -0.1709 2.5233 1.5649 316.6 208.0 92.2
51 14 3056 Apr 22 05:28:11 4855 13064 T- -p -0.2085 2.4532 1.4971 315.7 206.8 89.0
52 15 3074 May 03 13:34:09 4999 13287 T- -p -0.2519 2.3726 1.4186 314.3 204.9 84.3
53 16 3092 May 13 21:31:39 5144 13510 T -p -0.3024 2.2789 1.3267 312.5 202.2 77.1
54 17 3110 May 26 05:23:00 5291 13733 T -p -0.3581 2.1761 1.2253 310.2 198.6 66.3
55 18 3128 Jun 05 13:07:05 5441 13956 T -a -0.4199 2.0622 1.1124 307.1 193.6 48.6
56 19 3146 Jun 16 20:46:45 5592 14179 P -a -0.4849 1.9426 0.9933 303.4 187.3 -
57 20 3164 Jun 27 04:19:42 5746 14402 P -a -0.5554 1.8133 0.8640 298.6 178.9 -
58 21 3182 Jul 08 11:50:37 5901 14625 P -a -0.6272 1.6819 0.7320 293.0 168.7 -
59 22 3200 Jul 18 19:17:40 6059 14848 P -a -0.7021 1.5450 0.5939 286.2 155.6 -
60 23 3218 Jul 30 02:44:01 6219 15071 P -a -0.7769 1.4087 0.4558 278.4 139.5 -
61 24 3236 Aug 09 10:08:50 6380 15294 P -a -0.8524 1.2713 0.3159 269.4 118.8 -
62 25 3254 Aug 20 17:35:31 6544 15517 P -a -0.9257 1.1383 0.1799 259.5 91.6 -
63 26 3272 Aug 31 01:03:41 6710 15740 P -a -0.9974 1.0087 0.0467 248.5 47.6 -
64 27 3290 Sep 11 08:34:39 6878 15963 N -a -1.0661 0.8846 -0.0815 236.6 - -
65 28 3308 Sep 22 16:10:01 7048 16186 N -a -1.1306 0.7687 -0.2020 224.0 - -
66 29 3326 Oct 03 23:50:32 7221 16409 N -a -1.1901 0.6618 -0.3138 210.8 - -
67 30 3344 Oct 14 07:37:24 7395 16632 N -a -1.2440 0.5655 -0.4153 197.5 - -
68 31 3362 Oct 25 15:29:43 7571 16855 N -a -1.2929 0.4787 -0.5076 183.9 - -
69 32 3380 Nov 04 23:29:42 7750 17078 N -a -1.3350 0.4043 -0.5876 170.9 - -
70 33 3398 Nov 16 07:35:33 7930 17301 N -a -1.3718 0.3396 -0.6578 158.2 - -
71 34 3416 Nov 27 15:48:29 8113 17524 N -a -1.4021 0.2867 -0.7162 146.6 - -
72 35 3434 Dec 09 00:06:51 8297 17747 N -a -1.4275 0.2426 -0.7655 135.9 - -
73 36 3452 Dec 19 08:31:38 8484 17970 N -a -1.4471 0.2092 -0.8038 127.1 - -
74 37 3470 Dec 30 16:59:57 8673 18193 N -a -1.4633 0.1818 -0.8358 119.2 - -
75 38 3489 Jan 10 01:31:43 8864 18416 N -a -1.4762 0.1601 -0.8615 112.5 - -
76 39 3507 Jan 22 10:05:02 9057 18639 N -a -1.4871 0.1419 -0.8833 106.5 - -
77 40 3525 Feb 01 18:39:25 9252 18862 N -a -1.4963 0.1265 -0.9017 101.0 - -
78 41 3543 Feb 13 03:11:25 9449 19085 N -a -1.5071 0.1079 -0.9227 93.8 - -
79 42 3561 Feb 23 11:41:12 9648 19308 N -a -1.5191 0.0870 -0.9456 84.6 - -
80 43 3579 Mar 06 20:05:54 9849 19531 N -a -1.5345 0.0594 -0.9746 70.3 - -
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
81 44 3597 Mar 17 04:26:16 10052 19754 N -a -1.5528 0.0264 -1.0087 47.1 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
