Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 19

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 19

Solar eclipses of Saros 19 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2333 Jun 15. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1035 Aug 01. The total duration of Saros series 19 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -2333 Jun 15   12:31:09 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  -1035 Aug 01   20:01:21 TD

                      Duration of Saros  19  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 19 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 19
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PartialP 29 39.7%
AnnularA 36 49.3%
TotalT 6 8.2%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.7%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 19 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 19
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 44100.0%
Central (two limits) 41 93.2%
Central (one limit) 2 4.5%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.3%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 19: 21P 36A 2H 6T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 19 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 19
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -1936 Feb 0807m38s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -1323 Feb 0900m08s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -1197 Apr 2702m21s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -1269 Mar 1401m15s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1287 Mar 0300m49s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1305 Feb 2100m22s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -1161 May 18 - 0.88650
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -2333 Jun 15 - 0.01471

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 19

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 19. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 19.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 19

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

----- -35 -2333 Jun 15  12:31:09  54922 -53587   Pb   1.5434  0.0147  63.1N  78.8E   0             
----- -34 -2315 Jun 25  19:19:53  54446 -53364   P    1.4758  0.1369  63.9N  34.9W   0             
----- -33 -2297 Jul 07  02:12:23  53972 -53141   P    1.4114  0.2520  64.8N 149.8W   0             
----- -32 -2279 Jul 17  09:11:09  53500 -52918   P    1.3526  0.3562  65.8N  93.4E   0             
----- -31 -2261 Jul 28  16:16:07  53030 -52695   P    1.2995  0.4492  66.8N  25.4W   0             
----- -30 -2243 Aug 07  23:28:01  52562 -52472   P    1.2526  0.5305  67.9N 146.4W   0             
----- -29 -2225 Aug 19  06:48:01  52096 -52249   P    1.2129  0.5983  68.9N  90.0E   0             
----- -28 -2207 Aug 29  14:16:09  51633 -52026   P    1.1804  0.6533  69.8N  36.2W   0             
----- -27 -2189 Sep 09  21:52:18  51171 -51803   P    1.1548  0.6957  70.6N 165.1W   0             
----- -26 -2171 Sep 20  05:35:35  50711 -51580   P    1.1356  0.7271  71.2N  63.7E   0             

----- -25 -2153 Oct 01  13:26:05  50254 -51357   P    1.1229  0.7475  71.6N  69.8W   0             
----- -24 -2135 Oct 11  21:22:39  49799 -51134   P    1.1154  0.7590  71.7N 154.9E   0             
----- -23 -2117 Oct 23  05:23:04  49345 -50911   P    1.1114  0.7649  71.5N  18.6E   0             
----- -22 -2099 Nov 02  13:27:19  48894 -50688   P    1.1108  0.7653  71.1N 118.3W   0             
----- -21 -2081 Nov 13  21:31:57  48445 -50465   P    1.1104  0.7656  70.5N 105.2E   0             
----- -20 -2063 Nov 24  05:36:50  47998 -50242   P    1.1108  0.7647  69.6N  30.8W   0             
----- -19 -2045 Dec 05  13:37:20  47553 -50019   P    1.1076  0.7701  68.7N 165.0W   0             
----- -18 -2027 Dec 15  21:35:20  47110 -49796   P    1.1025  0.7787  67.6N  62.0E   0             
----- -17 -2009 Dec 27  05:26:01  46669 -49573   P    1.0913  0.7978  66.5N  68.4W   0             
00022 -16 -1990 Jan 06  13:10:01  46230 -49350   P    1.0749  0.8256  65.4N 163.3E   0             

00065 -15 -1972 Jan 17  20:43:43  45793 -49127   P    1.0502  0.8677  64.4N  38.0E   0             
00108 -14 -1954 Jan 28  04:09:29  45358 -48904   A+   1.0192  0.9207  63.4N  84.9W   0             
00151 -13 -1936 Feb 08  11:24:38  44926 -48681   An   0.9793  0.9202  53.9N 167.7E  11   -   07m38s
00194 -12 -1918 Feb 18  18:29:52  44495 -48458   A    0.9312  0.9255  46.0N  61.8E  21  755  07m30s
00238 -11 -1900 Mar 01  01:25:12  44067 -48235   A    0.8748  0.9302  41.1N  42.9W  29  523  07m09s
00282 -10 -1882 Mar 12  08:11:58  43640 -48012   A    0.8112  0.9347  37.7N 145.4W  36  402  06m41s
00328 -09 -1864 Mar 22  14:50:16  43216 -47789   A    0.7404  0.9389  35.4N 114.6E  42  326  06m12s
00374 -08 -1846 Apr 02  21:21:37  42794 -47566   A    0.6631  0.9428  34.0N  16.8E  48  274  05m46s
00420 -07 -1828 Apr 13  03:47:21  42374 -47343   A    0.5808  0.9464  33.1N  79.3W  54  237  05m23s
00465 -06 -1810 Apr 24  10:09:51  41956 -47120   A    0.4952  0.9495  32.5N 174.3W  60  210  05m06s

00512 -05 -1792 May 04  16:28:25  41539 -46897   A    0.4057  0.9522  31.8N  92.1E  66  190  04m53s
00558 -04 -1774 May 15  22:47:48  41126 -46674   A    0.3163  0.9543  31.0N   1.7W  71  175  04m47s
00603 -03 -1756 May 26  05:07:02  40714 -46451   A    0.2263  0.9560  29.7N  95.3W  77  164  04m46s
00648 -02 -1738 Jun 06  11:30:50  40304 -46228   A    0.1392  0.9572  27.9N 169.6E  82  157  04m50s
00694 -01 -1720 Jun 16  17:56:39  39896 -46005   A    0.0531  0.9579  25.3N  73.7E  87  153  04m58s
00740  00 -1702 Jun 28  00:30:18  39490 -45782   A   -0.0270  0.9582  22.1N  24.7W  89  152  05m09s
00784  01 -1684 Jul 08  07:09:27  39087 -45559   Am  -0.1029  0.9580  18.1N 125.2W  84  153  05m22s
00826  02 -1666 Jul 19  13:58:11  38685 -45336   A   -0.1715  0.9577  13.7N 131.3E  80  156  05m33s
00867  03 -1648 Jul 29  20:54:51  38286 -45113   A   -0.2343  0.9570   8.7N  25.2E  77  161  05m42s
00908  04 -1630 Aug 10  04:03:27  37888 -44890   A   -0.2879  0.9562   3.6N  84.5W  73  166  05m46s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 19

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

00949  05 -1612 Aug 20  11:21:53  37493 -44667   A   -0.3338  0.9553   1.8S 162.9E  70  172  05m46s
00990  06 -1594 Aug 31  18:51:18  37100 -44444   A   -0.3714  0.9546   7.2S  47.3E  68  178  05m41s
01032  07 -1576 Sep 11  02:31:18  36709 -44221   A   -0.4011  0.9540  12.7S  71.0W  66  182  05m34s
01073  08 -1558 Sep 22  10:21:59  36320 -43998   A   -0.4227  0.9538  18.0S 168.0E  65  185  05m23s
01113  09 -1540 Oct 02  18:22:02  35933 -43775   A   -0.4375  0.9538  23.2S  44.8E  64  186  05m10s
01153  10 -1522 Oct 14  02:29:48  35548 -43552   A   -0.4467  0.9544  28.2S  79.9W  63  185  04m55s
01193  11 -1504 Oct 24  10:45:01  35165 -43329   A   -0.4506  0.9555  33.0S 154.2E  63  181  04m38s
01233  12 -1486 Nov 04  19:05:27  34784 -43106   A   -0.4511  0.9572  37.5S  27.6E  63  174  04m19s
01273  13 -1468 Nov 15  03:29:14  34405 -42883   A   -0.4497  0.9596  41.5S  98.9W  63  164  03m59s
01313  14 -1450 Nov 26  11:54:35  34029 -42660   A   -0.4479  0.9626  45.0S 135.2E  63  151  03m36s

01354  15 -1432 Dec 06  20:19:34  33654 -42437   A   -0.4473  0.9662  47.8S  10.5E  63  136  03m10s
01395  16 -1414 Dec 18  04:42:29  33281 -42214   A   -0.4490  0.9705  49.9S 112.8W  63  119  02m42s
01436  17 -1396 Dec 28  13:01:06  32911 -41991   A   -0.4552  0.9753  51.0S 125.8E  63   99  02m13s
01478  18 -1377 Jan 08  21:15:24  32543 -41768   A   -0.4658  0.9806  51.2S   5.6E  62   78  01m42s
01520  19 -1359 Jan 19  05:23:36  32176 -41545   A   -0.4825  0.9862  50.7S 113.1W  61   56  01m10s
01562  20 -1341 Jan 30  13:24:26  31812 -41322   A   -0.5061  0.9923  49.4S 129.5E  59   31  00m39s
01605  21 -1323 Feb 09  21:17:59  31450 -41099   A   -0.5366  0.9983  47.8S  13.3E  57    7  00m08s
01649  22 -1305 Feb 21  05:04:15  31090 -40876   H   -0.5739  1.0045  46.0S 101.8W  55   19  00m22s
01692  23 -1287 Mar 03  12:44:13  30732 -40653   H   -0.6178  1.0105  44.2S 144.2E  52   45  00m49s
01737  24 -1269 Mar 14  20:16:03  30376 -40430   T   -0.6692  1.0162  42.9S  31.8E  48   74  01m15s

01782  25 -1251 Mar 25  03:43:17  30022 -40207   T   -0.7255  1.0214  42.2S  79.6W  43  104  01m38s
01827  26 -1233 Apr 05  11:04:24  29670 -39984   T   -0.7875  1.0261  42.6S 170.6E  38  140  01m59s
01872  27 -1215 Apr 15  18:22:31  29320 -39761   T   -0.8528  1.0299  44.3S  61.8E  31  189  02m14s
01917  28 -1197 Apr 27  01:36:01  28973 -39538   T   -0.9229  1.0323  48.5S  44.1W  22  278  02m21s
01962  29 -1179 May 07  08:49:20  28627 -39315   Ts  -0.9938  1.0314  59.0S 138.7W   5   -   02m03s
02008  30 -1161 May 18  16:01:23  28284 -39092   P   -1.0662  0.8865  62.0S 111.3E   0             
02054  31 -1143 May 28  23:14:28  27942 -38869   P   -1.1384  0.7506  62.7S   7.6W   0             
02100  32 -1125 Jun 09  06:29:31  27603 -38646   P   -1.2093  0.6161  63.5S 127.3W   0             
02145  33 -1107 Jun 19  13:48:36  27266 -38423   P   -1.2772  0.4869  64.4S 111.9E   0             
02188  34 -1089 Jun 30  21:12:28  26930 -38200   P   -1.3419  0.3633  65.3S  10.5W   0             

02231  35 -1071 Jul 11  04:41:21  26597 -37977   P   -1.4029  0.2470  66.3S 134.5W   0             
02274  36 -1053 Jul 22  12:17:33  26266 -37754   P   -1.4583  0.1412  67.3S  99.2E   0             
02317  37 -1035 Aug 01  20:01:21  25937 -37531   Pe  -1.5079  0.0469  68.2S  29.4W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26