The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 92 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0076 Aug 19. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1240 Oct 16. The total duration of Saros series 92 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0076 Aug 19 05:01:57 TD Last Eclipse = 1240 Oct 16 21:30:05 TD Duration of Saros 92 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 92 is composed of 74 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 92 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 34 | 45.9% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 54.1% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 92 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 92 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 74 eclipses in Saros 92: 23P 40A 11P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 92 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 92 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0717 Dec 07 | 09m43s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1024 Jun 09 | 00m10s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0321 Apr 14 | - | 0.91591 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1240 Oct 16 | - | 0.02372 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 92. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 92.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04582 -35 -0076 Aug 19 05:01:57 11316 -25669 Pb -1.5314 0.0299 61.8S 90.1E 0
04627 -34 -0058 Aug 30 12:36:27 11125 -25446 P -1.4902 0.1066 61.4S 33.2W 0
04672 -33 -0040 Sep 09 20:17:29 10936 -25223 P -1.4549 0.1720 61.0S 158.0W 0
04718 -32 -0022 Sep 21 04:06:06 10751 -25000 P -1.4264 0.2245 60.9S 75.3E 0
04764 -31 -0004 Oct 01 12:01:46 10567 -24777 P -1.4041 0.2653 60.9S 53.1W 0
04809 -30 0014 Oct 12 20:04:10 10386 -24554 P -1.3880 0.2948 61.0S 176.9E 0
04855 -29 0032 Oct 23 04:12:28 10206 -24331 P -1.3773 0.3144 61.4S 45.3E 0
04900 -28 0050 Nov 03 12:25:52 10029 -24108 P -1.3712 0.3258 61.9S 87.6W 0
04944 -27 0068 Nov 13 20:42:55 9853 -23885 P -1.3687 0.3308 62.5S 138.4E 0
04988 -26 0086 Nov 25 05:01:20 9678 -23662 P -1.3680 0.3327 63.3S 3.8E 0
05033 -25 0104 Dec 05 13:20:54 9505 -23439 P -1.3687 0.3318 64.2S 131.3W 0
05077 -24 0122 Dec 16 21:38:59 9333 -23216 P -1.3693 0.3311 65.2S 93.6E 0
05121 -23 0140 Dec 27 05:53:56 9161 -22993 P -1.3677 0.3339 66.2S 41.1W 0
05164 -22 0159 Jan 07 14:03:20 8989 -22770 P -1.3623 0.3432 67.3S 174.9W 0
05205 -21 0177 Jan 17 22:06:44 8819 -22547 P -1.3529 0.3592 68.4S 52.2E 0
05246 -20 0195 Jan 29 06:02:37 8648 -22324 P -1.3383 0.3840 69.4S 79.3W 0
05287 -19 0213 Feb 08 13:48:25 8477 -22101 P -1.3162 0.4215 70.3S 151.0E 0
05328 -18 0231 Feb 19 21:25:10 8305 -21878 P -1.2876 0.4702 71.0S 23.0E 0
05369 -17 0249 Mar 02 04:51:05 8133 -21655 P -1.2506 0.5333 71.5S 102.7W 0
05411 -16 0267 Mar 13 12:07:39 7961 -21432 P -1.2067 0.6083 71.9S 133.4E 0
05451 -15 0285 Mar 23 19:12:28 7788 -21209 P -1.1538 0.6989 71.9S 12.4E 0
05491 -14 0303 Apr 04 02:09:00 7614 -20986 P -1.0945 0.8007 71.8S 106.5W 0
05530 -13 0321 Apr 14 08:55:50 7440 -20763 P -1.0274 0.9159 71.4S 137.3E 0
05570 -12 0339 Apr 25 15:35:16 7264 -20540 A -0.9545 0.9409 57.0S 0.8E 17 745 05m24s
05610 -11 0357 May 05 22:07:36 7088 -20317 A -0.8758 0.9440 43.6S 109.9W 29 427 05m58s
05650 -10 0375 May 17 04:35:36 6911 -20094 A -0.7934 0.9459 32.9S 146.0E 37 327 06m26s
05691 -09 0393 May 27 11:00:05 6733 -19871 A -0.7081 0.9471 23.6S 44.9E 45 276 06m50s
05732 -08 0411 Jun 07 17:21:39 6555 -19648 A -0.6202 0.9476 15.5S 54.1W 52 246 07m08s
05773 -07 0429 Jun 17 23:43:27 6377 -19425 A -0.5325 0.9475 8.6S 152.2W 58 228 07m19s
05814 -06 0447 Jun 29 06:05:57 6198 -19202 A -0.4449 0.9469 2.7S 110.4E 64 218 07m23s
05856 -05 0465 Jul 09 12:31:50 6020 -18979 A -0.3603 0.9459 1.9N 12.9E 69 213 07m21s
05899 -04 0483 Jul 20 19:01:07 5843 -18756 A -0.2782 0.9444 5.3N 84.9W 74 213 07m18s
05943 -03 0501 Jul 31 01:37:16 5667 -18533 A -0.2016 0.9427 7.4N 176.1E 78 216 07m14s
05987 -02 0519 Aug 11 08:20:20 5490 -18310 A -0.1304 0.9406 8.4N 75.5E 83 222 07m14s
06031 -01 0537 Aug 21 15:10:51 5314 -18087 A -0.0653 0.9384 8.4N 27.0W 86 229 07m17s
06077 00 0555 Sep 01 22:10:46 5139 -17864 A -0.0076 0.9360 7.4N 131.9W 90 238 07m25s
06123 01 0573 Sep 12 05:19:53 4966 -17641 A 0.0425 0.9338 5.7N 120.7E 88 247 07m36s
06169 02 0591 Sep 23 12:39:49 4794 -17418 Am 0.0843 0.9317 3.4N 10.3E 85 256 07m51s
06214 03 0609 Oct 03 20:07:39 4623 -17195 A 0.1201 0.9298 0.9N 102.1W 83 265 08m09s
06259 04 0627 Oct 15 03:46:30 4454 -16972 A 0.1470 0.9282 1.9S 142.4E 82 272 08m30s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06304 05 0645 Oct 25 11:32:44 4286 -16749 A 0.1682 0.9271 4.5S 25.2E 80 277 08m51s
06351 06 0663 Nov 05 19:27:43 4120 -16526 A 0.1826 0.9265 7.1S 94.3W 80 281 09m12s
06397 07 0681 Nov 16 03:27:16 3956 -16303 A 0.1936 0.9264 9.2S 145.3E 79 282 09m29s
06441 08 0699 Nov 27 11:32:43 3794 -16080 A 0.2003 0.9270 10.7S 23.5E 79 280 09m40s
06484 09 0717 Dec 07 19:39:54 3634 -15857 A 0.2059 0.9282 11.6S 98.6W 78 275 09m43s
06527 10 0735 Dec 19 03:48:28 3476 -15634 A 0.2107 0.9301 11.6S 139.0E 78 268 09m35s
06569 11 0753 Dec 29 11:55:43 3321 -15411 A 0.2170 0.9326 10.6S 16.8E 78 258 09m16s
06610 12 0772 Jan 09 20:01:18 3169 -15188 A 0.2248 0.9358 8.7S 105.1W 77 245 08m46s
06651 13 0790 Jan 20 04:01:48 3019 -14965 A 0.2375 0.9396 5.8S 133.9E 76 230 08m07s
06692 14 0808 Jan 31 11:57:31 2873 -14742 A 0.2548 0.9439 1.9S 13.8E 75 214 07m22s
06733 15 0826 Feb 10 19:46:24 2731 -14519 A 0.2780 0.9487 2.8N 105.1W 74 196 06m32s
06773 16 0844 Feb 22 03:29:45 2592 -14296 A 0.3065 0.9538 8.3N 137.0E 72 177 05m41s
06813 17 0862 Mar 04 11:03:38 2457 -14073 A 0.3434 0.9591 14.5N 21.2E 70 158 04m49s
06853 18 0880 Mar 14 18:31:57 2325 -13850 A 0.3857 0.9645 21.2N 93.5W 67 138 03m59s
06893 19 0898 Mar 26 01:51:40 2198 -13627 A 0.4361 0.9700 28.5N 153.7E 64 119 03m12s
06933 20 0916 Apr 05 09:06:41 2075 -13404 A 0.4911 0.9753 36.1N 42.2E 60 101 02m28s
06974 21 0934 Apr 16 16:13:20 1957 -13181 A 0.5538 0.9804 44.2N 67.2W 56 83 01m50s
07015 22 0952 Apr 26 23:17:22 1842 -12958 A 0.6195 0.9851 52.5N 175.4W 51 67 01m17s
07056 23 0970 May 08 06:15:56 1733 -12735 A 0.6907 0.9892 61.3N 78.3E 46 52 00m51s
07096 24 0988 May 18 13:13:08 1628 -12512 A 0.7637 0.9929 70.2N 26.0W 40 39 00m31s
07138 25 1006 May 29 20:07:43 1527 -12289 A 0.8397 0.9955 79.8N 124.9W 33 29 00m18s
07180 26 1024 Jun 09 03:04:03 1431 -12066 A 0.9150 0.9971 87.6N 130.3W 23 25 00m10s
07222 27 1042 Jun 20 10:01:14 1340 -11843 A 0.9903 0.9958 71.9N 167.8W 7 126 00m13s
07266 28 1060 Jun 30 17:01:02 1254 -11620 P 1.0642 0.8763 64.6N 82.7E 0
07310 29 1078 Jul 12 00:05:18 1171 -11397 P 1.1351 0.7474 63.7N 33.3W 0
07354 30 1096 Jul 22 07:15:03 1094 -11174 P 1.2025 0.6245 63.0N 150.4W 0
07400 31 1114 Aug 02 14:31:46 1021 -10951 P 1.2648 0.5104 62.3N 91.0E 0
07445 32 1132 Aug 12 21:55:23 952 -10728 P 1.3223 0.4048 61.8N 29.2W 0
07490 33 1150 Aug 24 05:28:34 887 -10505 P 1.3729 0.3118 61.4N 151.6W 0
07535 34 1168 Sep 03 13:10:27 826 -10282 P 1.4174 0.2298 61.2N 83.9E 0
07581 35 1186 Sep 14 21:01:17 769 -10059 P 1.4555 0.1598 61.1N 42.7W 0
07626 36 1204 Sep 25 05:01:33 715 -9836 P 1.4869 0.1021 61.1N 171.8W 0
07672 37 1222 Oct 06 13:11:29 666 -9613 P 1.5111 0.0576 61.4N 56.8E 0
07717 38 1240 Oct 16 21:30:05 619 -9390 Pe 1.5295 0.0237 61.7N 76.9W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
