The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 134 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1248 Jun 22. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2510 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 134 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1248 Jun 22 19:09:36 TD Last Eclipse = 2510 Aug 06 00:38:56 TD Duration of Saros 134 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 134 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 134 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.9% |
| Annular | A | 30 | 42.3% |
| Total | T | 8 | 11.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 16 | 22.5% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 134 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 134 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 54 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 53 | 98.1% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 134: 10P 8T 16H 30A 7P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 134 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2168 Jan 10 | 10m55s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1861 Jul 08 | 00m14s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1428 Oct 09 | 01m30s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1554 Dec 24 | 00m25s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1771 May 14 | 00m49s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1843 Jun 27 | 00m07s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1410 Sep 28 | - | 0.97176 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1248 Jun 22 | - | 0.02227 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 134. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 134.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07737 -37 1248 Jun 22 19:09:36 600 -9295 Pb -1.5159 0.0223 65.2S 125.9W 0
07781 -36 1266 Jul 04 02:38:30 558 -9072 P -1.4464 0.1578 64.3S 111.8E 0
07824 -35 1284 Jul 14 10:08:18 518 -8849 P -1.3779 0.2915 63.4S 10.4W 0
07867 -34 1302 Jul 25 17:42:30 481 -8626 P -1.3129 0.4178 62.7S 133.4W 0
07909 -33 1320 Aug 05 01:20:21 447 -8403 P -1.2510 0.5375 62.1S 102.9E 0
07950 -32 1338 Aug 16 09:03:11 414 -8180 P -1.1933 0.6482 61.6S 21.9W 0
07991 -31 1356 Aug 26 16:52:10 384 -7957 P -1.1410 0.7477 61.2S 148.1W 0
08032 -30 1374 Sep 07 00:48:07 355 -7734 P -1.0949 0.8345 61.0S 84.0E 0
08073 -29 1392 Sep 17 08:51:03 328 -7511 P -1.0548 0.9092 61.0S 45.5W 0
08113 -28 1410 Sep 28 17:00:48 303 -7288 P -1.0206 0.9718 61.1S 176.7W 0
08153 -27 1428 Oct 09 01:18:10 279 -7065 Ts -0.9930 1.0281 63.0S 61.0E 5 - 01m30s
08193 -26 1446 Oct 20 09:42:45 256 -6842 T -0.9718 1.0258 65.8S 56.8W 13 386 01m25s
08233 -25 1464 Oct 30 18:13:13 234 -6619 T -0.9560 1.0225 68.9S 176.0E 17 267 01m14s
08273 -24 1482 Nov 11 02:49:49 214 -6396 T -0.9457 1.0189 72.5S 44.0E 18 203 01m03s
08313 -23 1500 Nov 21 11:30:31 195 -6173 T -0.9393 1.0156 76.4S 91.4W 20 159 00m52s
08355 -22 1518 Dec 02 20:14:58 177 -5950 T -0.9365 1.0124 80.4S 128.7E 20 125 00m41s
08396 -21 1536 Dec 13 04:59:20 161 -5727 T -0.9343 1.0098 84.5S 17.2W 20 97 00m33s
08437 -20 1554 Dec 24 13:45:21 146 -5504 T -0.9341 1.0075 87.5S 159.2E 20 75 00m25s
08478 -19 1573 Jan 03 22:28:35 133 -5281 H -0.9328 1.0058 85.9S 54.1W 21 57 00m20s
08519 -18 1591 Jan 25 07:09:22 123 -5058 H -0.9298 1.0047 81.9S 150.6E 21 45 00m16s
08560 -17 1609 Feb 04 15:43:43 108 -4835 H -0.9224 1.0041 77.3S 7.2E 22 37 00m15s
08604 -16 1627 Feb 16 00:13:31 84 -4612 H -0.9119 1.0040 72.3S 130.9W 24 34 00m15s
08649 -15 1645 Feb 26 08:35:06 56 -4389 H -0.8956 1.0043 66.7S 94.3E 26 34 00m17s
08694 -14 1663 Mar 09 16:48:41 31 -4166 H -0.8735 1.0049 60.5S 37.1W 29 35 00m21s
08740 -13 1681 Mar 20 00:52:59 13 -3943 H -0.8445 1.0057 53.8S 165.3W 32 37 00m26s
08785 -12 1699 Mar 31 08:48:45 8 -3720 H -0.8089 1.0065 46.8S 69.7E 36 38 00m32s
08830 -11 1717 Apr 11 16:34:40 10 -3497 H -0.7660 1.0072 39.5S 52.1W 40 39 00m39s
08875 -10 1735 Apr 23 00:11:36 11 -3274 H -0.7164 1.0077 32.2S 171.0W 44 38 00m44s
08921 -09 1753 May 03 07:39:40 13 -3051 H -0.6601 1.0079 24.9S 73.0E 49 36 00m48s
08966 -08 1771 May 14 15:00:02 16 -2828 H -0.5980 1.0076 17.8S 40.4W 53 33 00m49s
09012 -07 1789 May 24 22:11:58 16 -2605 H -0.5297 1.0068 11.0S 151.0W 58 28 00m46s
09058 -06 1807 Jun 06 05:18:31 12 -2382 H -0.4577 1.0055 4.7S 100.4E 63 21 00m38s
09103 -05 1825 Jun 16 12:19:03 10 -2159 H -0.3812 1.0036 1.0N 6.0W 68 13 00m25s
09147 -04 1843 Jun 27 19:17:03 6 -1936 H -0.3037 1.0011 5.9N 111.0W 72 4 00m07s
09190 -03 1861 Jul 08 02:10:26 8 -1713 A -0.2231 0.9979 10.0N 145.8E 77 7 00m14s
09232 -02 1879 Jul 19 09:04:32 -5 -1490 Am -0.1439 0.9942 13.0N 42.9E 82 20 00m39s
09274 -01 1897 Jul 29 15:56:58 -5 -1267 A -0.0640 0.9899 15.3N 59.0W 86 35 01m05s
09316 00 1915 Aug 10 22:52:25 18 -1044 A 0.0124 0.9853 16.4N 161.4W 89 52 01m33s
09359 01 1933 Aug 21 05:49:11 24 -821 A 0.0869 0.9801 16.9N 95.9E 85 71 02m04s
09401 02 1951 Sep 01 12:51:51 30 -598 A 0.1557 0.9747 16.5N 8.5W 81 91 02m36s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
09441 03 1969 Sep 11 19:58:59 40 -375 A 0.2201 0.9690 15.6N 114.1W 77 114 03m11s
09481 04 1987 Sep 23 03:12:22 56 -152 A 0.2787 0.9634 14.3N 138.4E 74 137 03m49s
09520 05 2005 Oct 03 10:32:47 65 71 A 0.3306 0.9576 12.9N 28.7E 71 162 04m32s
09560 06 2023 Oct 14 18:00:41 74 294 A 0.3753 0.9520 11.4N 83.1W 68 187 05m17s
09600 07 2041 Oct 25 01:36:22 86 517 A 0.4133 0.9467 9.9N 162.9E 66 213 06m07s
09641 08 2059 Nov 05 09:18:15 113 740 A 0.4454 0.9417 8.7N 47.1E 63 238 07m00s
09682 09 2077 Nov 15 17:07:56 152 963 A 0.4705 0.9371 7.8N 70.8W 62 262 07m54s
09723 10 2095 Nov 27 01:02:57 193 1186 A 0.4903 0.9330 7.2N 169.8E 61 285 08m47s
09764 11 2113 Dec 08 09:03:27 236 1409 A 0.5049 0.9296 7.1N 48.9E 60 304 09m35s
09804 12 2131 Dec 19 17:06:51 281 1632 A 0.5165 0.9267 7.6N 72.8W 59 321 10m14s
09846 13 2149 Dec 30 01:13:04 328 1855 A 0.5253 0.9245 8.6N 164.7E 58 334 10m42s
09888 14 2168 Jan 10 09:19:03 367 2078 A 0.5337 0.9230 10.3N 42.1E 58 344 10m55s
09932 15 2186 Jan 20 17:23:44 408 2301 A 0.5426 0.9221 12.8N 80.3W 57 350 10m53s
09977 16 2204 Feb 02 01:25:26 451 2524 A 0.5535 0.9218 16.0N 157.8E 56 353 10m38s
10021 17 2222 Feb 12 09:23:18 497 2747 A 0.5669 0.9220 20.0N 36.7E 55 355 10m14s
10065 18 2240 Feb 23 17:14:11 544 2970 A 0.5859 0.9228 24.7N 83.0W 54 356 09m41s
10110 19 2258 Mar 06 00:58:23 593 3193 A 0.6101 0.9239 30.2N 158.8E 52 359 09m04s
10155 20 2276 Mar 16 08:34:03 645 3416 A 0.6411 0.9253 36.4N 42.3E 50 362 08m23s
10201 21 2294 Mar 27 16:02:23 698 3639 A 0.6776 0.9269 43.2N 72.6W 47 370 07m42s
10246 22 2312 Apr 07 23:19:32 754 3862 A 0.7231 0.9286 50.8N 174.7E 43 385 07m00s
10291 23 2330 Apr 19 06:29:25 811 4085 A 0.7742 0.9302 59.0N 62.9E 39 412 06m19s
10337 24 2348 Apr 29 13:29:00 871 4308 A 0.8338 0.9315 68.1N 48.8W 33 466 05m40s
10382 25 2366 May 10 20:22:08 933 4531 A 0.8981 0.9323 77.9N 169.5W 26 583 05m03s
10426 26 2384 May 21 03:05:26 997 4754 A 0.9701 0.9317 80.8N 0.8W 13 1115 04m28s
10470 27 2402 Jun 01 09:44:38 1063 4977 P 1.0452 0.8834 67.8N 135.9W 0
10513 28 2420 Jun 11 16:17:02 1131 5200 P 1.1256 0.7470 66.8N 115.6E 0
10556 29 2438 Jun 22 22:46:47 1201 5423 P 1.2079 0.6068 65.8N 8.2E 0
10599 30 2456 Jul 03 05:13:16 1273 5646 P 1.2925 0.4621 64.9N 98.1W 0
10641 31 2474 Jul 14 11:40:30 1347 5869 P 1.3764 0.3182 64.0N 155.9E 0
10683 32 2492 Jul 24 18:08:32 1424 6092 P 1.4594 0.1755 63.2N 49.8E 0
10725 33 2510 Aug 06 00:38:56 1502 6315 Pe 1.5405 0.0362 62.6N 56.5W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
